메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1079-1093

WRFv3.2-SPAv2: Development and validation of a coupled ecosystem-atmosphere model, scaling from surface fluxes of CO2 and energy to atmospheric profiles

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE INTERACTION; CARBON BALANCE; GRASSLAND; LAND COVER; LATENT HEAT FLUX; MODEL VALIDATION; NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; NET RADIATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SOIL-VEGETATION INTERACTION; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; SURFACE FLUX; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84882409075     PISSN: 1991959X     EISSN: 19919603     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-6-1079-2013     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 38349106227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale covariance of transport and co2 fluxes: Evidence from observations and simulations using the wrf-vprm coupled atmosphere-biosphere model
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD008552
    • Ahamdov, R., Gerbig, C., Kretschmer, R., Koerner, R., Neininger, B., Dolman, A. J., and Sarrat, C.: Mesoscale covariance of transport and CO2 fluxes: evidence from observations and simulations using the WRF-VPRM coupled atmosphere-biosphere model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D22107, doi:10.1029/2007JD008552, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.112
    • Ahamdov, R.1    Gerbig, C.2    Kretschmer, R.3    Koerner, R.4    Neininger, B.5    Dolman, A.J.6    Sarrat, C.7
  • 2
    • 77949620875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing high resolution WRF-VPRM simulations and two global CO2 transport models with coastal tower measurements of CO2
    • doi:10.5194/bg-6-807-2009
    • Ahmadov, R., Gerbig, C., Kretschmer, R., Körner, S., Rödenbeck, C., Bousquet, P., and Ramonet, M.: Comparing high resolution WRF-VPRM simulations and two global CO2 transport models with coastal tower measurements of CO2, Biogeosciences, 6, 807-817, doi:10.5194/bg-6-807-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , pp. 807-817
    • Ahmadov, R.1    Gerbig, C.2    Kretschmer, R.3    Körner, S.4    Rödenbeck, C.5    Bousquet, P.6    Ramonet, M.7
  • 3
    • 0032443581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which type of soil vegetation atmosphere transfer scheme is needed for general circulation models: A proposal for a higher order scheme
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00227-3
    • Avissar, R.: Which type of soil vegetation atmosphere transfer scheme is needed for general circulation models: a proposal for a higher order scheme, J. Hydrol., 212-213, 136-154, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00227-3, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Hydrol , vol.212-213 , pp. 136-154
    • Avissar, R.1
  • 5
    • 33846454364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate: Model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change
    • Betts, R. A., Falloon, P. D., Goldewijk, K. K., and Ramankutty, N.: Biogeophysical effects of land use on climate: model simulations of radiative forcing and large-scale temperature change, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 142, 216-233, 2007.
    • (2007) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.142 , pp. 216-233
    • Betts, R.A.1    Falloon, P.D.2    Goldewijk, K.K.3    Ramankutty, N.4
  • 6
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444-1449, 2008.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 8
    • 54549113031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the wrf model for air quality applications over the iberian peninsula
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.032
    • Borge, R., Alexandrov, V., del Vas, J. J., Lumbreras, J., and Rodriguez, E.: A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the WRF model for air quality applications over the Iberian Peninsula, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8560-8574, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.032, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ , vol.42 , pp. 8560-8574
    • Borge, R.1    Alexandrov, V.2    Del Vas, J.J.3    Lumbreras, J.4    Rodriguez, E.5
  • 9
    • 33846371382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A soil carbon and land use database for the United Kingdom
    • doi:10.1079/SUM2005351
    • Bradley, R., Milne, R., Bell, J., Lilly, A., Jordan, C., and Higgins, A.: A soil carbon and land use database for the United Kingdom, Soil Use Manage., 21, 363-369, doi:10.1079/SUM2005351, 2005.
    • (2005) Soil Use Manage , vol.21 , pp. 363-369
    • Bradley, R.1    Milne, R.2    Bell, J.3    Lilly, A.4    Jordan, C.5    Higgins, A.6
  • 11
    • 84856364654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide exchange of a Sitka spruce plantation in Scotland over five years
    • Clement, R. J., Jarvis, P. G., and Moncrieff, J. B.: Carbon dioxide exchange of a Sitka spruce plantation in Scotland over five years, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 153, 106-123, 2012.
    • (2012) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.153 , pp. 106-123
    • Clement, R.J.1    Jarvis, P.G.2    Moncrieff, J.B.3
  • 12
    • 33847504748 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and environmental-regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration - A model that includes laminar boundary-layer
    • doi:10.1016/0168-1923(91)90002-8
    • Collatz, G., Ball, J., Grivet, C., and Berry, J.: Physiological and environmental-regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration - a model that includes laminar boundary-layer, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 54, 107-136, doi:10.1016/0168-1923(91)90002-8, 1991.
    • (1991) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.54 , pp. 107-136
    • Collatz, G.1    Ball, J.2    Grivet, C.3    Berry, J.4
  • 13
    • 0034626765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of global warming due to carbon - Cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model
    • Cox, P. M., Jones, C. D., Spall, S. A., and Totterdell, I. J.: Acceleration of global warming due to carbon - cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model, Nature, 408, 184-187, 2000.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 184-187
    • Cox, P.M.1    Jones, C.D.2    Spall, S.A.3    Totterdell, I.J.4
  • 14
    • 3242682645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance
    • Dai, Y., Dickenson, R. E., andWang, Y. P.: A two-big-leaf model for canopy temperature, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, Am. Meteorol. Soc., 17, 2281-2299, 2003.
    • (2003) Am. Meteorol. Soc , vol.17 , pp. 2281-2299
    • Dai, Y.1    Dickenson, R.E.2    Wang, Y.P.3
  • 15
    • 35848952632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry
    • Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA
    • Denman, K., Brasseur, G., Chidthaisong, A., Ciai, P., Cox, P., Dickinson, R., Hauglustaine, D., Heinze, C., Holland, E., Jacob, D., Lohmann, U., Ramachandran, S., da Silva Dias, P., Wofsy, S., and Zhang, X.: Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • Denman, K.1    Brasseur, G.2    Chidthaisong, A.3    Ciai, P.4    Cox, P.5    Dickinson, R.6    Hauglustaine, D.7    Heinze, C.8    Holland, E.9    Jacob, D.10    Lohmann, U.11    Ramachandran, S.12    Da Silva Dias, P.13    Wofsy, S.14    Zhang, X.15
  • 16
    • 0037203073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sharp vegetation boundary on the convective atmosphere boundary layer
    • Esau, I. N. and Lyons, T. J.: Effect of sharp vegetation boundary on the convective atmosphere boundary layer, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 114, 3-13, 2002.
    • (2002) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.114 , pp. 3-13
    • Esau, I.N.1    Lyons, T.J.2
  • 19
    • 37349079722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing
    • Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA
    • Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Bernsten, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G. M. S., and Dorland, R. V.: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA, 2007.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
    • Forster, P.1    Ramaswamy, V.2    Artaxo, P.3    Bernsten, T.4    Betts, R.5    Fahey, D.W.6    Haywood, J.7    Lean, J.8    Lowe, D.C.9    Myhre, G.10    Nganga, J.11    Prinn, R.12    Raga, G.M.S.13    Dorland, R.V.14
  • 20
    • 77957655323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon-climate feedbacks: A review of model and observation based estimates
    • Friedlingstein, P. and Prentice, I. C.: Carbon-climate feedbacks: a review of model and observation based estimates, Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability, 2, 251-257, 2010.
    • (2010) Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability , vol.2 , pp. 251-257
    • Friedlingstein, P.1    Prentice, I.C.2
  • 23
    • 34247098518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple unified theory for flow in the canopy and roughness sublayer
    • Harman, I. N. and Finnigan, J. J.: A simple unified theory for flow in the canopy and roughness sublayer, Bound. Lay. Meteorol., 123, 339-363, 2007.
    • (2007) Bound. Lay. Meteorol , vol.123 , pp. 339-363
    • Harman, I.N.1    Finnigan, J.J.2
  • 24
    • 71949083002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling feedbacks between a boreal forest and the planetary boundary layer
    • doi:10.1029/2007JD009412
    • Hill, T. C., Williams, M., and Moncrieff, J. B.: Modeling feedbacks between a boreal forest and the planetary boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D15122, doi:10.1029/2007JD009412, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.113
    • Hill, T.C.1    Williams, M.2    Moncrieff, J.B.3
  • 25
    • 0033610889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distributed thermal model for calculating soil temperature profiles and depth of thaw in permafrost regions
    • Hinzman, L. D., Goering, D. J., and Kane, D. L.: A distributed thermal model for calculating soil temperature profiles and depth of thaw in permafrost regions, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28975-28991, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res , vol.103 , pp. 28975-28991
    • Hinzman, L.D.1    Goering, D.J.2    Kane, D.L.3
  • 26
  • 28
    • 3042830705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of heat and moisture fluxes from a modified soil-plant-atmosphere model with observations from boreas
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003949
    • Lee, Y. and Mahrt, L.: Comparison of heat and moisture fluxes from a modified soil-plant-atmosphere model with observations from BOREAS, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D08103, doi:10.1029/2003JD003949, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.109
    • Lee, Y.1    Mahrt, L.2
  • 29
    • 84865148783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive crop management in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1): Seasonal influences on land-atmosphere fluxes
    • Levis, S., Bonan, G. B., Kluzek, E., Thornton, P. E., Jones, A., Sacks, W. J., and Kucharik, C. J.: Interactive crop management in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1): seasonal influences on land-atmosphere fluxes, J. Climate, 25, 4839-4859, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 4839-4859
    • Levis, S.1    Bonan, G.B.2    Kluzek, E.3    Thornton, P.E.4    Jones, A.5    Sacks, W.J.6    Kucharik, C.J.7
  • 30
    • 80051955228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporation of crop phenology in Simple Biosphere Model (SiBcrop) to improve land-atmosphere carbon exchanges from croplands
    • doi:10.5194/bg-6-969-2009
    • Lokupitiya, E., Denning, S., Paustian, K., Baker, I., Schaefer, K., Verma, S., Meyers, T., Bernacchi, C. J., Suyker, A., and Fischer, M.: Incorporation of crop phenology in Simple Biosphere Model (SiBcrop) to improve land-atmosphere carbon exchanges from croplands, Biogeosciences, 6, 969-986, doi:10.5194/bg-6-969-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , pp. 969-986
    • Lokupitiya, E.1    Denning, S.2    Paustian, K.3    Baker, I.4    Schaefer, K.5    Verma, S.6    Meyers, T.7    Bernacchi, C.J.8    Suyker, A.9    Fischer, M.10
  • 32
    • 10844264572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellulose absorption index (cai) to quantify mixed soilplant litter scenes
    • doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.001
    • Nagler, P., Inoue, Y., Glenn, E., Russ, A., and Daughtry, C.: Cellulose absorption index (CAI) to quantify mixed soilplant litter scenes, Remote Sens. Environ., 87, 310-325, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2003.06.001, 2003.
    • (2003) Remote Sens. Environ , vol.87 , pp. 310-325
    • Nagler, P.1    Inoue, Y.2    Glenn, E.3    Russ, A.4    Daughtry, C.5
  • 34
    • 10244253898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphereatmospheric model
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD004482
    • Nicholls, M., Denning, A., Prihodko, L., Vidale, P., Baker, I., Davis, K., and Bakwin, P.: A multiple-scale simulation of variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide using a coupled biosphereatmospheric model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D18117, doi:10.1029/2003JD004482, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.109
    • Nicholls, M.1    Denning, A.2    Prihodko, L.3    Vidale, P.4    Baker, I.5    Davis, K.6    Bakwin, P.7
  • 35
    • 0028830018 scopus 로고
    • Coupling biochemical and biophysical processes at the leaf level - An equilibrium photosynthesis model for leaves of c-3 plants
    • Nikolov, N., Massman, W., and Schoettle, A.: Coupling biochemical and biophysical processes at the leaf level - an equilibrium photosynthesis model for leaves of C-3 plants, Ecol. Model., 80, 205-235, 1995.
    • (1995) Ecol. Model , vol.80 , pp. 205-235
    • Nikolov, N.1    Massman, W.2    Schoettle, A.3
  • 36
    • 14644394896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vegetation canopy processes on snow surface energy and mass
    • doi:10.1029/2004JD004884
    • Niu, G. Y. and Yang, Z. L.: Effects of vegetation canopy processes on snow surface energy and mass, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23111, doi:10.1029/2004JD004884, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res , vol.109
    • Niu, G.Y.1    Yang, Z.L.2
  • 37
    • 79959850680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with localscale measurements
    • doi:10.1029/2010JD015139
    • Niu, G.-Y., Yang, Z.-L., Mitchell, K. E., Chen, F., Ek, M. B., Barlage, M., Kumar, A., Manning, K., Niyogi, D., Rosero, E., Tewari, M., and Xia, Y.: The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with localscale measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D12109, doi:10.1029/2010JD015139, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.116
    • Niu, G.-Y.1    Yang, Z.-L.2    Mitchell, K.E.3    Chen, F.4    Ek, M.B.5    Barlage, M.6    Kumar, A.7    Manning, K.8    Niyogi, D.9    Rosero, E.10    Tewari, M.11    Xia, Y.12
  • 42
    • 0037173502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical solution of a complete surface energy balance model for simulation of heat fluxes and surface temperature under bare soil environment
    • Qin, Z., Berliner, P., and Karnieli, A.: Numerical solution of a complete surface energy balance model for simulation of heat fluxes and surface temperature under bare soil environment, Appl. Math. Comput., 130, 171-200, 2002.
    • (2002) Appl. Math. Comput , vol.130 , pp. 171-200
    • Qin, Z.1    Berliner, P.2    Karnieli, A.3
  • 44
    • 0028173787 scopus 로고
    • Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index
    • Raupach, M. R.: Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index, Bound. Lay. Meteorol., 71, 211-216, 1994.
    • (1994) Bound. Lay. Meteorol , vol.71 , pp. 211-216
    • Raupach, M.R.1
  • 45
    • 33645465180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of terrestrial ecosystems and topography on coastal CO2 measurements: A case study at Trinidad Head, California
    • doi:10.1029/2004JG000007
    • Riley, W. J., Randerson, J. T., Foster, P. N., and Lueker, T. J.: Influence of terrestrial ecosystems and topography on coastal CO2 measurements: a case study at Trinidad Head, California, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 110, G01005, doi:10.1029/2004JG000007, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo , vol.110
    • Riley, W.J.1    Randerson, J.T.2    Foster, P.N.3    Lueker, T.J.4
  • 46
    • 0001433273 scopus 로고
    • A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. II. Generalization of the model and comparison with observations in some coniferous and hardwood stands
    • Rutter, A. J., Morton, A. J., and Robins, P. C.: A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. II. Generalization of the model and comparison with observations in some coniferous and hardwood stands, J. Appl. Ecol., 12, 367-380, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Appl. Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 367-380
    • Rutter, A.J.1    Morton, A.J.2    Robins, P.C.3
  • 49
    • 84860445901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disaggregation of screen-level variables in a numerical weather prediction model with an explicit simulation of subgrid-scale land-surface heterogeneity
    • doi: 0.1007/s00703-012-0183-y
    • Schomburg, A., Venema, V., Ament, F., and Simmer, C.: Disaggregation of screen-level variables in a numerical weather prediction model with an explicit simulation of subgrid-scale land-surface heterogeneity, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 116, 81-94, doi: 0.1007/s00703-012-0183-y, 2012.
    • (2012) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys , vol.116 , pp. 81-94
    • Schomburg, A.1    Venema, V.2    Ament, F.3    Simmer, C.4
  • 53
    • 84863230458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of leaf-to-canopy upscaling methodologies against carbon flux data in North America
    • doi:10.1029/2010JG001407
    • Sprintsin, M., Chen, J. M., Desai, A., and Gough, C. M.: Evaluation of leaf-to-canopy upscaling methodologies against carbon flux data in North America, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 117, G01023, doi:10.1029/2010JG001407, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo , vol.117
    • Sprintsin, M.1    Chen, J.M.2    Desai, A.3    Gough, C.M.4
  • 54
    • 84055176249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016303
    • Steeneveld, G. J., Tolk, L. F., Moene, A. F., Hartogensis, O. K., Peters, W., and Holtslag, A. A. M.: Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: evaluating the boundary layer heat budget, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D23114, doi:10.1029/2011JD016303, 2011.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.116
    • Steeneveld, G.J.1    Tolk, L.F.2    Moene, A.F.3    Hartogensis, O.K.4    Peters, W.5    Holtslag, A.A.M.6
  • 55
    • 70350028353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upscaling as ecological information transfer: A simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange
    • Stoy, P. C., Williams, M., Disney, M., Prieto-Blanco, A., Huntley, B., Baxter, R., and Lewis, P.: Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange, Landscape Ecol., 24, 971-986, 2009.
    • (2009) Landscape Ecol , vol.24 , pp. 971-986
    • Stoy, P.C.1    Williams, M.2    Disney, M.3    Prieto-Blanco, A.4    Huntley, B.5    Baxter, R.6    Lewis, P.7
  • 57
    • 78449247816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A linked carbon cycle and crop developmental model: Description and evaluation against measurements of carbon fluxes and carbon stocks at several European agricultural sites
    • Sus, O., Williams, M., Bernhofer, C., Beziat, P., Buchmann, N., Ceschia, E., Doherty, R., Eugster,W., Gruenwald, T., Kutsch,W., Smith, P., and Wattenbach, M.: A linked carbon cycle and crop developmental model: description and evaluation against measurements of carbon fluxes and carbon stocks at several European agricultural sites, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 139, 402-418, 2010.
    • (2010) Agr. Ecosyst. Environ , vol.139 , pp. 402-418
    • Sus, O.1    Williams, M.2    Bernhofer, C.3    Beziat, P.4    Buchmann, N.5    Ceschia, E.6    Eugster, W.D.R.7    Kutsch, W.G.T.8    Smith, P.9    Wattenbach, M.10
  • 58
    • 77955829238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating carbon exchange using a regional atmospheric model coupled to an advanced land-surface model
    • doi:10.5194/bg-7-2397-2010
    • Ter Maat, H. W., Hutjes, R. W. A., Miglietta, F., Gioli, B., Bosveld, F. C., Vermeulen, A. T., and Fritsch, H.: Simulating carbon exchange using a regional atmospheric model coupled to an advanced land-surface model, Biogeosciences, 7, 2397-2417, doi:10.5194/bg-7-2397-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) Biogeosciences , vol.7 , pp. 2397-2417
    • Ter Maat, H.W.1    Hutjes, R.W.A.2    Miglietta, F.3    Gioli, B.4    Bosveld, F.C.5    Vermeulen, A.T.6    Fritsch, H.7
  • 59
    • 77953547310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling regional scale surface fluxes, meteorology and CO2 mixing ratios for the Cabauw tower in the Netherlands
    • doi:10.5194/bg-6-2265-2009
    • Tolk, L. F., Peters,W., Meesters, A. G. C. A., Groenendijk, M., Vermeulen, A. T., Steeneveld, G. J., and Dolman, A. J.: Modelling regional scale surface fluxes, meteorology and CO2 mixing ratios for the Cabauw tower in the Netherlands, Biogeosciences, 6, 2265-2280, doi:10.5194/bg-6-2265-2009, 2009.
    • (2009) Biogeosciences , vol.6 , pp. 2265-2280
    • Tolk, L.F.1    Peters, W.2    Meesters, A.G.C.A.3    Groenendijk, M.4    Vermeulen, A.T.5    Steeneveld, G.J.6    Dolman, A.J.7
  • 60
    • 0042850594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coupled model of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01035.x
    • Tuzet, A., Perrier, A., and Leuning, R.: A coupled model of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant Cell Environ., 26, 1097-1116, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01035.x, 2003.
    • (2003) Plant Cell Environ , vol.26 , pp. 1097-1116
    • Tuzet, A.1    Perrier, A.2    Leuning, R.3
  • 61
    • 78650178775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating dynamic crop growth with an adapted land surface model - JULESSUCROS: Model development and validation
    • Van den Hoof, C., Hanert, E., and Vidale, P. L.: Simulating dynamic crop growth with an adapted land surface model - JULESSUCROS: model development and validation, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 151, 137-153, 2011.
    • (2011) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.151 , pp. 137-153
    • Van Den Hoof, C.1    Hanert, E.2    Vidale, P.L.3
  • 62
    • 0031859544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: Model description and comparison with a multi-layered model
    • Wang, Y. P. and Leuning, R.: A two-leaf model for canopy conductance, photosynthesis and partitioning of available energy I: model description and comparison with a multi-layered model, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 91, 89-111, 1998.
    • (1998) Agr. Forest Meteorol , vol.91 , pp. 89-111
    • Wang, Y.P.1    Leuning, R.2
  • 63
    • 72049125308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating regional cloud-permitting simulations of the wrf model for the tropical warm pool international cloud experiment (twp-ice) darwin 2006
    • doi:10.1029/2009JD012729
    • Wang, Y. P., Long, C. N., Leung, L. R., Dudhia, J., McFarlane, S. A., Mather, J. H., Ghan, S. J., and Liu, X.: Evaluating regional cloud-permitting simulations of the WRF model for the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE), Darwin, 2006, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, 1-21, doi:10.1029/2009JD012729, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.114 , pp. 1-21
    • Wang, Y.P.1    Long, C.N.2    Leung, L.R.3    Dudhia, J.4    McFarlane, S.A.5    Mather, J.H.6    Ghan, S.J.7    Liu, X.8
  • 64
    • 12644252934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the soil-plantatmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest: The regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties
    • Williams, M., Rastetter, E. B., Fernandes, D. N., Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Shaver, G. R., Melillo, J. M., Munger, J. W., Fan, S. M., and Nadelhoffer, K. J.: Modelling the soil-plantatmosphere continuum in a Quercus-Acer stand at Harvard Forest: the regulation of stomatal conductance by light, nitrogen and soil/plant hydraulic properties, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 911-927, 1996.
    • (1996) Plant Cell Environ , vol.19 , pp. 911-927
    • Williams, M.1    Rastetter, E.B.2    Fernandes, D.N.3    Goulden, M.L.4    Wofsy, S.C.5    Shaver, G.R.6    Melillo, J.M.7    Munger, J.W.8    Fan, S.M.9    Nadelhoffer, K.J.10
  • 65
    • 0031767990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: A modelling analysis
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00339.x
    • Williams, M., Malhi, Y., Nobre, A., Rastetter, E., Grace, J., and Pereira, M.: Seasonal variation in net carbon exchange and evapotranspiration in a Brazilian rain forest: a modelling analysis, Plant Cell Environ., 21, 953-968, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00339.x, 1998.
    • (1998) Plant Cell Environ , vol.21 , pp. 953-968
    • Williams, M.1    Malhi, Y.2    Nobre, A.3    Rastetter, E.4    Grace, J.5    Pereira, M.6
  • 66
    • 0034425440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The controls on net ecosystem productivity along an arctic transect: A model comparison with flux measurements
    • Williams, M., Eugster, W., Rastetter, E., McFadden, J., and Chapin, F.: The controls on net ecosystem productivity along an Arctic transect: a model comparison with flux measurements, Glob. Change Biol., 6, 116-126, 2000.
    • (2000) Glob. Change Biol , vol.6 , pp. 116-126
    • Williams, M.1    Eugster, W.2    Rastetter, E.3    McFadden, J.4    Chapin, F.5
  • 67
    • 0035068181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a simulation model and ecosystem flux data to examine carbon-water interactions in ponderosa pine
    • Williams, M., Law, B., Anthoni, P., and Unsworth, M.: Use of a simulation model and ecosystem flux data to examine carbon-water interactions in ponderosa pine, Tree Physiol., 21, 287-298, 2001.
    • (2001) Tree Physiol , vol.21 , pp. 287-298
    • Williams, M.1    Law, B.2    Anthoni, P.3    Unsworth, M.4
  • 68
    • 12344269004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved analysis of forest carbon dynamics using data assimilation
    • Williams, M., Schwarz, P. A., Law, B. E., Irvine, J., and Kurpius, M.: An improved analysis of forest carbon dynamics using data assimilation, Glob. Change Biol., 11, 89-105, 2005.
    • (2005) Glob. Change Biol , vol.11 , pp. 89-105
    • Williams, M.1    Schwarz, P.A.2    Law, B.E.3    Irvine, J.4    Kurpius, M.5
  • 69
    • 84871919016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measured and modelled leaf and stand-scale productivity across a soil moisture gradient and a severe drought
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02590.x
    • Wright, J. K.,Williams, M., Starr, G., McGee, J., and Mitchell, R. J.: Measured and modelled leaf and stand-scale productivity across a soil moisture gradient and a severe drought, Plant Cell Environ., 467-483, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02590.x, 2012.
    • (2012) Plant Cell Environ , pp. 467-483
    • Wright, J.K.1    Williams, M.2    Starr, G.3    McGee, J.4    Mitchell, R.J.5
  • 70
    • 84862990993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of nonlocal and local planetary boundary layer schemes in the wrf model
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD017080
    • Xie, B., Fung, J. C. H., Chan, A., and Lau, A.: Evaluation of nonlocal and local planetary boundary layer schemes in the WRF model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D12103, doi:10.1029/2011JD017080, 2012.
    • (2012) J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos , vol.117
    • Xie, B.1    Fung, J.C.H.2    Chan, A.3    Lau, A.4
  • 71
    • 45349092233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online-coupled meteorology and chemistry models: History, current status, and outlook
    • doi:10.5194/acp-8-2895-2008
    • Zhang, Y.: Online-coupled meteorology and chemistry models: history, current status, and outlook, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2895-2932, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2895-2008, 2008.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys , vol.8 , pp. 2895-2932
    • Zhang, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.