Water sorption induced dielectric changes in titanate nanowires

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 117, Issue 32, 2013, Pages 16686-16697

  Haspel, Henrik ^a   Bugris, Valéria ^a   Kukovecz, Ákos ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BROADBAND DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTIVITY VARIATION; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; HIGH-FREQUENCY LOSS; HUMIDITY CONDITIONS; HYDROPHILIC MODEL; ORIENTATION RELAXATION; TITANATE NANOWIRES;

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY;

CHEMISTRY;

EID: 84882352201     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp404512q     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Evershed, S. The Characteristics of Insulation Resistance J. Inst. Electr. Eng. (London) 1914, 52, 51-73
2. Curtis, H. L. Insulating Properties of Solid Dielectrics Bur. Stand. (U. S.), Bull. 1914-1915, 11, 359-420
3. Slater, F. P. A Sensitive Method for Observing Changes of Electrical Conductivity in Single Hygroscopic Fibres Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 1924, 96, 181-193
4. Murphy, E. J.; Walker, A. C. Electrical Conduction in Textiles. I J. Phys. Chem. 1928, 32, 1761-1786
5. Marsh, M. C.; Earp, K. The Electrical Resistance of Wool Fibres Trans. Faraday Soc. 1933, 29, 173-192
6. Walker, A. C.; Quell, M. H. Influence of Ash Constituents on the Electrical Conduction of Cotton J. Text. Inst., Trans. 1933, 24, T123-T130
7. Walker, A. C. Effect of Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature on the Relation between Moisture Content and Electrical Conductivity of Cotton J. Text. Inst., Trans. 1933, 24, T145-T160
8. Baxter, S. Electrical Conduction of Textiles Trans. Faraday Soc. 1943, 39, 207-214
9. O'Sullivan, J. B. The Conduction of Electricity through Cellulose J. Text. Inst., Trans. 1947, 38, T271-T284
10. King, G.; Medley, J. A. Effect of Polar Vapours on the Direct-Current Conductance of Keratin and Nylon Nature 1947, 160, 438
11. King, G.; Medley, J. A., II. The Influence of Temperature and Adsorbed Salts on the D.C. Conductivity of Polar Polymer Adsorbate Systems J. Colloid Sci. 1949, 4, 9-18
12. Ansbacher, F.; Jason, A. C. Effects of Water Vapour on the Electrical Properties of Anodized Aluminium Nature 1953, 171, 177-178
13. Cook, M. A.; Daniels, R. O.; Hamilton, J. H. Influence of Adsorption of Water and Quinoline on the Surface Conductivity of a Synthetic Alumina-Silica Catalyst J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 358-362
14. Veith, H. Dielektrische Eigenschaften des Sorptionswassers in Hochpolymeren Isolierstoffen Kolloid-Z. 1957, 152, 36-41
15. 2O on Glass J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1958, 2, 222-223
16. Murphy, E. J. The Dependence of the Conductivity of Cellulose, Silk and Wool on their Water Content J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1960, 16, 115-122
17. Stamires, D. N. Effect of Adsorbed Phases on the Electrical Conductivity of Synthetic Crystalline Zeolites J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 3174-3181
18. Rosenberg, B. Electrical Conductivity of Proteins. II. Semiconduction in Crystalline Bovine Hemoglobin J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 816-823
19. Simkovich, G. The Surface Conductance of Sodium Chloride Crystals as a Function of Water Vapor Partial Pressure J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 1001-1004
20. Levy, S.; Folman, M. Surface Conductivity of High Surface Area Adsorbent due to the Presence of Adsorbed Molecules J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 1278-1283
21. Fripiat, J. J.; Jelli, A.; Poncelet, G.; André, J. Thermodynamic Properties of Adsorbed Water Molecules and Electrical Conduction in Montmorillonites and Silicas J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 2185-2197
22. Soffer, A.; Folman, M. Surface Conductivity and Conduction Mechanisms on Adsorption of Vapours on Silica Trans. Faraday Soc. 1966, 62, 3559-3569
23. Kawasaki, K.; Hackerman, N. Vapor Adsorption and Displacement on Porous Glass by Surface Conductivity Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 1967, 6, 1184-1192
24. Anderson, J. H.; Parks, G. A. The Electrical Conductivity of Silica Gel in the Presence of Adsorbed Water J. Phys. Chem. 1968, 72, 3662-3668
25. Fripiat, J. J.; Van der Meersche, C.; Touillaux, R.; Jelli, A. Study of Protonic Transfers in the Ammonia-Silica Gel System by Infrared and Pulsed Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and by Conductivity Measurements J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 382-393
26. Awakuni, Y.; Calderwood, J. H. Water Vapour Adsorption and Surface Conductivity in Solids J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1972, 5, 1038-1045
27. Tomaselli, V. P.; Shamos, M. H. Electrical Properties of Hydrated Collagen. II. Semiconductor Properties Biopolymers 1974, 13, 2423-2434
28. Clement, G.; Knözinger, H.; Stählin, W.; Stübner, B. Adsorption of Alcohols and Water on Alumina. 3. dc Conductivity and Dielectric Loss Measurements J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 1280-1285
29. Nahar, R. K.; Khanna, V. K.; Khokle, W. S. On the Origin of the Humidity-Sensitive Electrical Properties of Porous Aluminium Oxide J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1984, 17, 2087-2095
30. Sapieha, S.; Inoue, M.; Lepoutre, P. Conductivity and Water Sorption in Paper J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1985, 30, 1257-1266
31. 3 Sensors for Low and High Humidities J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1986, 19, L141-L145
32. Steeman, P. A. M.; Maurer, F. H. J.; van Es, M. A. Dielectric Monitoring of Water Absorption in Glass-Bead-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Polymer 1991, 32, 523-530
33. Bondarenka, V.; Grebinskij, S.; Mickevicius, S.; Volkov, V.; Zacharova, G. Thin Films of Poly-Vanadium-Molybdenum Acid as Starting Materials for Humidity Sensors Sens. Actuators, B 1995, 28, 227-231
34. Giuntini, J. C.; Mouton, V.; Zanchetta, J. V.; Douillard, J. M.; Niezette, J.; Vanderschueren, J. A Simple General Relationship between the Dielectric Losses Measured on Divided Solids and Adsorption Thermodynamic Langmuir 1997, 13, 1016-1019
35. Casalbore-Miceli, G.; Camaioni, N.; Yang, M. J.; Zhen, M.; Zhan, X. W.; D'Aprano, A. Charge Transport Mechanism in Pressed Pellets of Polymer Proton Conductors Solid State Ionics 1997, 100, 217-224
36. Hogan, M. J.; Brinkman, A. W.; Hashemi, T. Humidity-Dependent Impedance in Porous Spinel Nickel Germanate Ceramic Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 72, 3077
37. 2 Ceramic Humidity Sensor Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73, 3854
38. Quartarone, E.; Mustarelli, P.; Magistris, A.; Russo, M. V.; Fratoddi, I.; Furlani, A. Investigations by Impedance Spectroscopy on the Behaviour of Poly(N,N-dimethylpropargylamine) as Humidity Sensor Solid State Ionics 2000, 136-137, 667-670
39. Ha, D. H.; Nham, H.; Yoo, K.; So, H.; Lee, H.; Kawai, T. Humidity Effects on the Conductance of the Assembly of DNA Molecules Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 355, 405-409
40. 2 J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 94, 5261-5264
41. Faia, P. M.; Furtado, C. S.; Ferreira, A. J. Humidity Sensing Properties of a Thick-Film Titania Prepared by a Slow Spinning Process Sens. Actuators, B 2004, 101, 183-190
42. Nilsson, M.; Strømme, M. Electrodynamic Investigations of Conduction Processes in Humid Microcrystalline Cellulose Tablets J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 5450-5455
43. 3 Nanocomposites in Humid Atmosphere J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100, 094323
44. Cánovas, M. J.; Sobrados, I.; Sanz, J.; Acosta, J. L.; Linares, A. Proton Mobility in Hydrated Sulfonated Polystyrene NMR and Impedance Studies J. Membr. Sci. 2006, 280, 461-469
45. Kleine-Ostmann, T.; Jördens, C.; Baaske, K.; Weimann, T.; Hrabe de Angelis, M. Conductivity of Single-Stranded and Double-Stranded Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid under Ambient Conditions: The Dominance of Water Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 102102
46. Yamahata, C.; Collard, D.; Takekawa, T.; Kumemura, M.; Hashiguchi, G.; Fujita, H. Humidity Dependence of Charge Transport through DNA Revealed by Silicon-Based Nanotweezers Manipulation Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 63-70
47. Christie, J. H.; Krenek, S. H.; Woodhead, I. M. The Electrical Properties of Hygroscopic Solids Biosyst. Eng. 2009, 102, 143-152
48. Yun, Y. J.; Yu, H. Y.; Ha, D. H. Measurement of Electrical Transport Along Stretched λ-DNA Molecules Using the Four-Probe Method Curr. Appl. Phys. 2011, 11, 1197-1200
49. II Ions and 2,2′-Bipyridyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic Acid Chem.-Eur. J. 2013, 19, 1607-1616
50. Bano, N.; Jonscher, A. K. Dielectric Properties of Humid Mica Surfaces J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 1672-1682
51. Shigematsu, A.; Yamada, T.; Kitagawa, H. Wide Control of Proton Conductivity in Porous Coordination Polymers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2034-2036
52. Suherman, P. M.; Taylor, P.; Smith, G. Low Frequency Dielectric Study on Hydrated Ovalbumin J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2002, 305, 317-321
53. Pótári, G.; Madarász, D.; Nagy, L.; László, B.; Sápi, A.; Oszkó, A.; Kukovecz, A.; Erdohelyi, A.; Kónya, Z.; Kiss, J. Rh-Induced Support Transformation Phenomena in Titanate Nanowire and Nanotube Catalysts Langmuir 2013, 29, 3061-3072
54. Schmidt, W. A. Electrical Precipitation and Mechanical Dust Collection Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 2428-2434
55. Chen, Z.; Lu, C. Humidity Sensors: A Review of Materials and Mechanisms Sens. Lett. 2005, 3, 274-295
56. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy; Kremer, F.; Schönhals, A., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2003.
57. Bavykin, D. V.; Walsh, F. C. Titanate and Titania Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications; RSC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology 12; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, U.K., 2010.
58. Bavykin, D. V.; Carravetta, M.; Kulak, A. N.; Walsh, F. C. Application of Magic-Angle Spinning NMR to Examine the Nature of Protons in Titanate Nanotubes Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 2458-2465
59. Haspel, H.; Laufer, N.; Bugris, V.; Ambrus, R.; Szabó- Révész, P.; Kukovecz, á. Water-Induced Charge Transport Processes in Titanate Nanowires: An Electrodynamic and Calorimetric Investigation J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 18999-19009
60. Horvath, E.; Kukovecz, A.; Konya, Z.; Kiricsi, I. Hydrothermal Conversion of Self-Assembled Titanate Nanotubes into Nanowires in a Revolving Autoclave Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 927-931
61. 3 Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1971, 52, 239-254
62. Timmermann, E. O. Multilayer Sorption Parameters: BET or GAB Values? Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2003, 220, 235-260
63. Brunauer, S.; Emmett, P. H.; Teller, E. Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 309-319
64. Rouquerol, F.; Rouquerol, J.; Sing, K. Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids-Principles, Methodology and Applications; Academic Press: London, 1999.
65. Haidar, A. R.; Jonscher, A. K. The Dielectric Properties of Zeolites in Variable Temperature and Humidity J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 1986, 82, 3535-3551
66. Bauer-Brandl, A. D.; Craig, D. Q. M.; Newton, J. M. Dielectric Spectroscopy of Compacted Powders Sample Preparation Using a Highly Conducting Resin Powder Technol. 1992, 73, 91-92
67. Ek, R.; Hill, R. M.; Newton, J. M. Low Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose, Tablets and Paper J. Mater. Sci. 1997, 32, 4807-4814
68. Nilsson, M.; Alderborn, G.; Strømme, M. Water-Induced Charge Transport in Tablets of Microcrystalline Cellulose of Varying Density: Dielectric Spectroscopy and Transient Current Measurements Chem. Phys. 2003, 295, 159-165
69. Nilsson, M.; Frenning, G.; GraÌŠsjö, J.; Alderborn, G.; Strømme, M. Mesopore Structure of Microcrystalline Cellulose Tablets Characterized by Nitrogen Adsorption and SEM: The Influence on Water-Induced Ionic Conduction J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 15776-15781
70. Nilsson, M.; Frenning, G.; GraÌŠsjö, J.; Alderborn, G.; Strømme, M. Conductivity Percolation in Loosely Compacted Microcrystalline Cellulose: An in Situ Study by Dielectric Spectroscopy during Densification J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 20502-20506
71. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics; Lide, D. R., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2005.
72. Webster, C. E.; Drago, R. S.; Zerner, M. C. Molecular Dimensions for Adsorptives J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5509-5516
73. Cerveny, S.; Schwartz, G. A.; Otegui, J.; Colmenero, J.; Loichen, J.; Westermann, S. Dielectric Study of Hydration Water in Silica Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 24340-24349
74. Berthold, J.; Rinaudo, M.; Salmeń, L. Association of Water to Polar Groups; Estimations by an Adsorption Model for Ligno-cellulosic Materials Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 1996, 112, 117-129
75. Skinner, B.; Loth, M. S.; Shklovskii, B. I. Ionic Conductivity on a Wetting Surface Phys. Rev. E 2009, 80, 041925
76. Hall, P. G.; Rose, M. A. Dielectric Properties of Water Adsorbed by Kaolinite Clays J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1978, 74, 1221-1233
77. Kanyó, T.; Kónya, Z.; Kukovecz, á.; Berger, F.; Dékány, I.; Kiricsi, I. Quantitative Characterization of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Properties of MWNTs Surfaces Langmuir 2004, 20, 1656-1661
78. Richert, R.; Wagner, H. The Dielectric Modulus: Relaxation versus Retardation Solid State Ionics 1998, 105, 167-173
79. Hodge, I. M.; Ngai, K. L.; Moynihan, C. T. Comments on the Electric Modulus Function J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2005, 351, 104-115
80. Bello, A.; Laredo, E.; Grimau, M. Comparison of Analysis of Dielectric Spectra of PCL in the ε* and the M* Formalism J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2007, 353, 4283-4287
81. 3 Ceramics Process. Appl. Ceram. 2012, 6, 201-207
82. Jonscher, A. K. Dielectric Relaxation in Solids; Chelsea Dielectrics Press: London, 1983.
83. Jonscher, A. K. Universal Relaxation Law; Chelsea Dielectrics Press: London, 1996.
84. Nelson, S. M.; Newman, A. C. D.; Tomlinson, T. E.; Sutton, L. E. A Dielectric Study of the Adsorption of Water by Magnesium Hydroxide Trans. Faraday Soc. 1959, 55, 2186-2202
85. 2O Surface Langmuir 1997, 13, 3823-3826
86. Kuroda, Y.; Kittaka, S.; Takahara, S.; Yamaguchi, T.; Bellissent-Funel, M. Characterization of the State of Two-Dimensionally Condensed Water on Hydroxylated Chromium(III) Oxide Surface through FT-IR, Quasielastic Neutron Scattering, and Dielectric Relaxation Measurements J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 11064-11073
87. 3 Surface Langmuir 2000, 16, 6937-6947
88. 3 Sample from Hydration through Surface Fluoridation Langmuir 2000, 16, 6961-6967
89. Hu, W.; Li, L.; Tong, W.; Li, G. Water-Titanate Intercalated Nanotubes: Fabrication, Polarization, and Giant Dielectric Property Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 12638-12646
90. Kamiyoshi, K.; Odake, T. Dielectric Dispersion of Water Vapor Adsorbed on Silica Gel J. Chem. Phys. 1953, 21, 1295-1296
91. Kurosaki, S. The Dielectric Behavior of Sorbed Water on Silica Gel J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 320-324
92. Zhilenkov, I. V. Debye Dispersion of Adsorbed Water at Low Temperatures Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR 1957, 6, 245-248
93. Nair, N. K.; Thorp, J. M. Dielectric Behaviour of Water Sorbed on Silica Gels Trans. Faraday Soc. 1965, 61, 975-989
94. Hall, P. G.; Williams, R. T.; Slade, R. C. T. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Dielectric Relaxation Investigations of Water Sorbed by Spherisorb Silica J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 1985, 81, 847-855
95. Frunza, L.; Kosslick, H.; Pitsch, I.; Frunza, S.; Schönhals, A. Rotational Fluctuations of Water inside the Nanopores of SBA-Type Molecular Sieves J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 9154-9159
96. Sjöström, J.; Swenson, J.; Bergman, R.; Kittaka, S. Investigating Hydration Dependence of Dynamics of Confined Water: Monolayer, Hydration Water and Maxwell-Wagner Processes J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 128, 154503
97. Dransfeld, K.; Frisch, H. L.; Wood, E. A. Dielectric Relaxation of Water Adsorbed on γ Alumina J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 1574-1577
98. Baldwin, M. G.; Morrow, J. C. Dielectric Behavior of Water Adsorbed on Alumina J. Chem. Phys. 1962, 36, 1591-1593
99. Pethrick, R. A.; Hayward, D.; Jeffrey, K.; Affrossman, S.; Wilford, P. Investigation of the Hydration and Dehydration of Aluminium Oxide-Hydroxide Using High Frequency Dielectric Measurements between 300 kHz-3 GHz J. Mater. Sci. 1996, 31, 2623-2629
100. Schoonheydt, R. A.; De Wilde, W.; Velghe, F. Conductivity and Dielectric Dispersions of Hydrated and Partially Hydrated Synthetic Faujasites J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 511-518
101. Frunza, L.; Kosslick, H.; Frunza, S.; Schönhals, A. Unusual Relaxation Behavior of Water inside the Sodalite Cages of Faujasite-Type Molecular Sieves J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 9191-9194
102. Ohgushi, T.; Sakai, Y. Movements of Ions in Zeolite A Containing Hydrogen Ion J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 2116-2122
103. Muir, J. Dielectric Loss in Water Films Adsorbed by Some Silicate Clay Minerals Trans. Faraday Soc. 1954, 50, 249-254
104. Goldsmith, B. J.; Muir, J. Surface Ion Effects in the Dielectric Properties of Adsorbed Water Films Trans. Faraday Soc. 1960, 56, 1656-1661
105. Nelson, S. M.; Huang, H. H.; Sutton, L. E. Dielectric Study of Water, Ethanol and Acetone Adsorbed on Kaolinite Trans. Faraday Soc. 1969, 65, 225-243
106. Frunza, L.; Schönhals, A.; Frunza, S.; Parvulescu, V. I.; Cojocaru, B.; Carriazo, D.; Martín, C.; Rives, V. Rotational Fluctuations of Water Confined to Layered Oxide Materials: Nonmonotonous Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Times J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 5166-5175
107. Anis, M. K.; Jonscher, A. K. Frequency and Time-Domain Measurements on Humid Sand and Soil J. Mater. Sci. 1993, 28, 3626-3634
108. Pissis, P.; Laudat, J.; Daoukaki, D.; Kyritsis, A. Dynamic Properties of Water in Porous Vycor Glass Studied by Dielectric Techniques J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1994, 171, 201-207
109. Wang, L. W.; Wang, Q.; Li, C. X.; Niu, X. J.; Sun, G.; Lu, K. Q. Layering in Water Adsorption and Desorption on Porous Vycor Observed by Dielectric Measurements Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 155437
110. Tomaselli, V. P.; Shamos, M. H. Electrical Properties of Hydrated Collagen. I. Dielectric Properties Biopolymers 1973, 12, 353-366
111. Khan, F.; Pilpel, N. An Investigation of Moisture Sorption in Microcrystalline Cellulose Using Sorption Isotherms and Dielectric Response Powder Technol. 1987, 50, 237-241
112. Kremer, F. Personal communication.
113. Asami, K. Characterization of Heterogeneous Systems by Dielectric Spectroscopy Prog. Polym. Sci. 2002, 27, 1617-1659
114. Cole, K. S.; Cole, R. H. Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics J. Chem. Phys. 1941, 9, 341-351
115. Ishida, T.; Makino, T. Microwave Dielectric Relaxation of Bound Water to Silica, Alumina, and Silica-Alumina Gel Suspensions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1999, 212, 144-151
116. Ishida, T.; Makino, T. Effects of pH on Dielectric Relaxation of Montmorillonite, Allophane, and Imogolite Suspensions J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1999, 212, 152-161
117. Takeda, M. Studies on Dielectric Behavior of Bound Water in Timber in the High Frequency Region Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1951, 24, 169-173
118. Cerveny, S.; Alegría, á.; Colmenero, J. Universal Features of Water Dynamics in Solutions of Hydrophilic Polymers, Biopolymers, and Small Glass-Forming Materials Phys. Rev. E 2008, 77, 031803
119. Cerveny, S.; Arrese-Igor, S.; Dolado, J. S.; Gaitero, J. J.; Alegría, á.; Colmenero, J. Effect of Hydration on the Dielectric Properties of C-S-H Gel J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 034509
120. O'Sullivan, J. B. The Conduction of Electricity Through Cellulose Part II. The Chemical Effects of the Current J. Text. Inst., Trans. 1947, 38, T285-T290
121. King, G.; Medley, J. A. D.C. Conduction in Swollen Polar Polymers. I. Electrolysis of the Keratin-Water System J. Colloid Sci. 1949, 4, 1-7
122. Thorne, A.; Kruth, A.; Tunstall, D.; Irvine, J. T. S.; Zhou, W. Formation, Structure, and Stability of Titanate Nanotubes and Their Proton Conductivity J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 5439-5444
123. Riess, I. Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors-Material Properties and Applications Solid State Ionics 2003, 157, 1-17
124. Deshpande, M. D.; Scheicher, R. H.; Ahuja, R.; Pandey, R. Binding Strength of Sodium Ions in Cellulose for Different Water Contents J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 8985-8989
125. Kreuer, K. D.; Rabenau, A.; Weppner, W. Vehicle Mechanism, a New Model for the Interpretation of the Conductivity of Fast Proton Conductors Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1982, 21, 208-209
126. Grotthuss, C. J. T. Sur la décomposition de l'eau et des corps qu'elle tient en dissolution aÌ€ l'aide de l'é lectricité galvanique Ann. Chim. (Paris) 1806, 58, 54-74
127. Knight, C.; Voth, G. A. The Curious Case of the Hydrated Proton Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 101-109
128. Cruz, M. I.; Stone, W. E. E.; Fripiat, J. J. The Methanol-Silica Gel System. II. The Molecular Diffusion and Proton Exchange from Pulse Proton Magnetic Resonance Data J. Phys. Chem. 1972, 76, 3078-3088
129. Fripiat, J. J.; Toussaint, F. Dehydroxylation of Kaolinite. II. Conductometric Measurements and Infrared Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 30-36
130. Bibent, N.; Mehdi, A.; Silly, G.; Henn, F.; Devautour-Vinot, S. Proton Conductivity versus Acidic Strength of One-Pot Synthesized Acid-Functionalized SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 280, 3214-3225
131. Kreuer, K. D. Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 610-641
132. Ludueña, G. A.; Kühne, T. D.; Sebastiani, D. Mixed Grotthuss and Vehicle Transport Mechanism in Proton Conducting Polymers from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 1424-1429
133. Motta, A.; Gaigeot, M.-P.; Costa, D. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of the AlOOH Boehmite/Water Interface: Role of Steps in Interfacial Grotthus Proton Transfers J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 12514-12524
134. Steeman, P. A. M.; Maurer, F. H. J. An Interlayer Model for the Complex Dielectric Constant of Composites Colloid Polym. Sci. 1990, 268, 315-325