메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 8, 2013, Pages

Inter-Vertebral Flexibility of the Ostrich Neck: Implications for Estimating Sauropod Neck Flexibility

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; CARTILAGE; CERVICAL SPINE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DINOSAUR; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; INTERVERTEBRAL SPACING; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NECK FLEXIBILITY; NECK MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; OSTEOLOGY; OSTRICH; SAUROPOD; SOFT TISSUE; SPECIES COMPARISON; SYNOVIAL CAPSULE; ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT;

EID: 84881484568     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072187     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 84891475702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sauropoda
    • Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, editors, (Second Edition): University of California Press, Berkeley
    • Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P (2004) Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmólska H, editors. The Dinosauria (Second Edition): University of California Press, Berkeley. 259-322.
    • (2004) The Dinosauria , pp. 259-322
    • Upchurch, P.1    Barrett, P.M.2    Dodson, P.3
  • 2
    • 78951495531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism
    • Sander PM, Christian A, Clauss M, Fechner R, Gee CT, et al. (2011) Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biol Rev 86: 117-155.
    • (2011) Biol Rev , vol.86 , pp. 117-155
    • Sander, P.M.1    Christian, A.2    Clauss, M.3    Fechner, R.4    Gee, C.T.5
  • 3
    • 33846050446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necks for sex: sexual selection as an explanation for sauropod dinosaur neck elongation
    • Senter P, (2006) Necks for sex: sexual selection as an explanation for sauropod dinosaur neck elongation. J Zool 271: 45-53.
    • (2006) J Zool , vol.271 , pp. 45-53
    • Senter, P.1
  • 4
    • 80053053743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long necks of sauropods did not evolve primarily through sexual selection
    • Taylor MP, Hone DWE, Wedel MJ, Naish D, (2011) The long necks of sauropods did not evolve primarily through sexual selection. J Zool 285: 150-161.
    • (2011) J Zool , vol.285 , pp. 150-161
    • Taylor, M.P.1    Hone, D.W.E.2    Wedel, M.J.3    Naish, D.4
  • 5
    • 0015223640 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of the brontosaurs
    • Bakker RT, (1971) Ecology of the brontosaurs. Nature 229: 172-174.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.229 , pp. 172-174
    • Bakker, R.T.1
  • 6
    • 0002990488 scopus 로고
    • The science and art of restoring the life appearance of dinosaurs and their relatives
    • Czerkas SJ, Olsen EC, editors, California: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
    • Paul GS (1987) The science and art of restoring the life appearance of dinosaurs and their relatives. In: Czerkas SJ, Olsen EC, editors. Dinosaurs Past and Present. California: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 5-49.
    • (1987) Dinosaurs Past and Present , pp. 5-49
    • Paul, G.S.1
  • 7
    • 78649897447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some sauropods raised their necks - evidence for high browsing in Euhelopus zdansyi
    • Christian A, (2010) Some sauropods raised their necks - evidence for high browsing in Euhelopus zdansyi. Biol Lett 6: 823-825.
    • (2010) Biol Lett , vol.6 , pp. 823-825
    • Christian, A.1
  • 8
    • 0001061146 scopus 로고
    • Mobility and feeding of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) - why the long neck?
    • Currie PJ, Koster EH, editors, Short Papers. Drumheller: Boxtree Books
    • Martin J (1987) Mobility and feeding of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) - why the long neck? In: Currie PJ, Koster EH, editors. Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers. Drumheller: Boxtree Books. 154-159.
    • (1987) Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems , pp. 154-159
    • Martin, J.1
  • 9
    • 0000526007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not cranes or masts, but beams: the biomechanics of sauropod necks
    • Martin J, Martin-Rolland V, Frey E, (1998) Not cranes or masts, but beams: the biomechanics of sauropod necks. Oryctos 1: 113-120.
    • (1998) Oryctos , vol.1 , pp. 113-120
    • Martin, J.1    Martin-Rolland, V.2    Frey, E.3
  • 10
    • 80053052047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energetics of low browsing in sauropods
    • Ruxton GD, Wilkinson DM, (2011) The energetics of low browsing in sauropods. Biol Lett 7: 779-781.
    • (2011) Biol Lett , vol.7 , pp. 779-781
    • Ruxton, G.D.1    Wilkinson, D.M.2
  • 11
    • 0002341167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms
    • Sues HD, editor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Upchurch P, Barrett PM (2000) The evolution of sauropod feeding mechanisms. In: Sues HD, editor. Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 79-122.
    • (2000) Evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates , pp. 79-122
    • Upchurch, P.1    Barrett, P.M.2
  • 12
    • 0033617577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck posture and feeding habits of two jurassic sauropod dinosaurs
    • Stevens KA, Parrish JM, (1999) Neck posture and feeding habits of two jurassic sauropod dinosaurs. Science 284: 798-800.
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 798-800
    • Stevens, K.A.1    Parrish, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 33846061955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck posture, dentition, and feeding strategies in Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs
    • Tidwell V, Carpenter K, editors, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Stevens KA, Parrish JM (2005) Neck posture, dentition, and feeding strategies in Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, editors. Thunder-lizards: The sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 212-232.
    • (2005) Thunder-lizards: The sauropodomorph dinosaurs , pp. 212-232
    • Stevens, K.A.1    Parrish, J.M.2
  • 14
    • 34547737875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexibility along the neck of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and consequences for the reconstruction of dinosaurs with extreme neck length
    • Dzemski G, Christian A, (2007) Flexibility along the neck of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and consequences for the reconstruction of dinosaurs with extreme neck length. J Morphol 268: 701-714.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 701-714
    • Dzemski, G.1    Christian, A.2
  • 15
    • 67651246805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head and Neck Posture in Sauropod Dinosaurs Inferred from Extant Animals
    • Taylor MP, Wedel MJ, Naish D, (2009) Head and Neck Posture in Sauropod Dinosaurs Inferred from Extant Animals. Acta Palaeontol Pol 54: 213-220.
    • (2009) Acta Palaeontol Pol , vol.54 , pp. 213-220
    • Taylor, M.P.1    Wedel, M.J.2    Naish, D.3
  • 16
    • 67649099729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raising the sauropod neck: it costs more to get less
    • Seymour RS, (2009) Raising the sauropod neck: it costs more to get less. Biol Lett 5: 317-319.
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 317-319
    • Seymour, R.S.1
  • 17
    • 63449093113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sauropods kept their heads down
    • Seymour RS, (2009) Sauropods kept their heads down. Science 323: 1671.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 1671
    • Seymour, R.S.1
  • 18
    • 67650359190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of an avian-style respiratory system for gigantism in sauropod dinosaurs
    • Perry SF, Christian A, Breuer T, Pajor N, Codd JR, (2009) Implications of an avian-style respiratory system for gigantism in sauropod dinosaurs. J Exp Zool A 311: 600-610.
    • (2009) J Exp Zool A , vol.311 , pp. 600-610
    • Perry, S.F.1    Christian, A.2    Breuer, T.3    Pajor, N.4    Codd, J.R.5
  • 19
    • 84859014883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of the sauropod respiratory system
    • Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Perry SF, Breuer T, Pajor N (2011) Structure and function of the sauropod respiratory system. In: Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors. Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 83-93.
    • (2011) Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants , pp. 83-93
    • Perry, S.F.1    Breuer, T.2    Pajor, N.3
  • 20
    • 84877153376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks
    • Taylor MP, Wedel MJ, (2013) Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks. PeerJ 1: e36 10.7717/peerj.36.
    • (2013) PeerJ , vol.1
    • Taylor, M.P.1    Wedel, M.J.2
  • 21
    • 34047108308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digitial reconstructions of sauropod dinosaurs and implications for feeding
    • Curry Rogers KA, Wilson JA, editors, Berkely: University of California Press
    • Stevens KA, Parrish JM (2005) Digitial reconstructions of sauropod dinosaurs and implications for feeding. In: Curry Rogers KA, Wilson JA, editors. The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology. Berkely: University of California Press. 178-200.
    • (2005) The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology , pp. 178-200
    • Stevens, K.A.1    Parrish, J.M.2
  • 23
    • 0002893906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What did dinosaurs eat? Coprolites and other direct evidence of dinosaurs diets
    • Farlow JO, Brett-Surman MK, editors, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Chin K (1997) What did dinosaurs eat? Coprolites and other direct evidence of dinosaurs diets. In: Farlow JO, Brett-Surman MK, editors. The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 371-382.
    • (1997) The Complete Dinosaur , pp. 371-382
    • Chin, K.1
  • 24
    • 40549104757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro digestibility of fern and gymnosperm foliage: implications for sauropod feeding ecology and diet selection
    • Hummel J, Gee CT, Südekum KH, Sander PM, Nogge G, et al. (2008) In vitro digestibility of fern and gymnosperm foliage: implications for sauropod feeding ecology and diet selection. P R Soc B 275: 1015-1021.
    • (2008) P R Soc B , vol.275 , pp. 1015-1021
    • Hummel, J.1    Gee, C.T.2    Südekum, K.H.3    Sander, P.M.4    Nogge, G.5
  • 25
    • 84873080849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary options for the sauropod dinosaurs from an integrated botanical and paleobotanical perspective
    • Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Gee CT (2011) Dietary options for the sauropod dinosaurs from an integrated botanical and paleobotanical perspective. In: Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors. Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 34-56.
    • (2011) Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants , pp. 34-56
    • Gee, C.T.1
  • 26
    • 0000586036 scopus 로고
    • Feeding mechanisms of Diplodocus
    • Barrett PM, Upchurch P, (1994) Feeding mechanisms of Diplodocus. Gaia 10: 195-204.
    • (1994) Gaia , vol.10 , pp. 195-204
    • Barrett, P.M.1    Upchurch, P.2
  • 27
    • 0001120019 scopus 로고
    • Jaw mechanics in sauropod dinosaurs
    • Calvo J, (1994) Jaw mechanics in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia 10: 183-193.
    • (1994) Gaia , vol.10 , pp. 183-193
    • Calvo, J.1
  • 28
    • 0000090421 scopus 로고
    • Sauropod feeding mechanisms: their bearing on palaeoecology
    • Sun A-L, Wang Y-Q, editors, Short Papers: China Ocean Press, Beijing
    • Barrett PM, Upchurch P (1995) Sauropod feeding mechanisms: their bearing on palaeoecology. In: Sun A-L, Wang Y-Q, editors. Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Short Papers: China Ocean Press, Beijing. 107-110.
    • (1995) Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota , pp. 107-110
    • Barrett, P.M.1    Upchurch, P.2
  • 29
    • 31744439735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dental microwear patterns of the sauropod dinosaurs Camarasaurus and Diplodocus: evidence for resource partitioning in the Late Jurassic of North America
    • Fiorillo A, (1998) Dental microwear patterns of the sauropod dinosaurs Camarasaurus and Diplodocus: evidence for resource partitioning in the Late Jurassic of North America. Hist Biol 13: 1-16.
    • (1998) Hist Biol , vol.13 , pp. 1-16
    • Fiorillo, A.1
  • 30
    • 0033883607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding mechanisms of the sauropod dinosaurs Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Diplodocus and Dicraeosaurus
    • Christiansen P, (2000) Feeding mechanisms of the sauropod dinosaurs Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Diplodocus and Dicraeosaurus. Hist Biol 14: 137-152.
    • (2000) Hist Biol , vol.14 , pp. 137-152
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 31
    • 79953751268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences of diplodocoid (Sauropoda: Dinosauria) feeding behavior from snout shape and microwear analysis
    • Whitlock JA, (2011) Inferences of diplodocoid (Sauropoda: Dinosauria) feeding behavior from snout shape and microwear analysis. PLoS One 6: e18304 10.1371/journal.pone.0018304.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Whitlock, J.A.1
  • 32
    • 84866234296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial biomechanics of Diplodocus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda): testing hypotheses of feeding behaviour in an extinct megaherbivore
    • Young MT, Rayfield EJ, Holliday CM, Witmer LM, Button DJ, et al. (2012) Cranial biomechanics of Diplodocus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda): testing hypotheses of feeding behaviour in an extinct megaherbivore. Naturwissenschaften 99: 637-643.
    • (2012) Naturwissenschaften , vol.99 , pp. 637-643
    • Young, M.T.1    Rayfield, E.J.2    Holliday, C.M.3    Witmer, L.M.4    Button, D.J.5
  • 33
    • 0036059299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DinoMorph: Parametric modelling of skeletal structures
    • Stevens KA, (2002) DinoMorph: Parametric modelling of skeletal structures. Senckenb Lethaea 82: 23-34.
    • (2002) Senckenb Lethaea , vol.82 , pp. 23-34
    • Stevens, K.A.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0001858981 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs
    • Alexander RM, (1985) Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs. Zool J Linn Soc 83: 1-25.
    • (1985) Zool J Linn Soc , vol.83 , pp. 1-25
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 36
    • 0001778404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deducing the body posture of extinct large vertebrates from the shape of the vertebral column
    • Christian A, Preuschoft H, (1996) Deducing the body posture of extinct large vertebrates from the shape of the vertebral column. Palaeontology 39: 801-812.
    • (1996) Palaeontology , vol.39 , pp. 801-812
    • Christian, A.1    Preuschoft, H.2
  • 37
    • 33748173493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neck posture of Brachiosaurus brancai
    • Christian A, Heinrich WD, (1998) The neck posture of Brachiosaurus brancai. Foss Rec 1: 73-80.
    • (1998) Foss Rec , vol.1 , pp. 73-80
    • Christian, A.1    Heinrich, W.D.2
  • 38
    • 20444466711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck posture and overall body design in sauropods
    • Christian A, (2002) Neck posture and overall body design in sauropods. Foss Rec 5: 271-281.
    • (2002) Foss Rec , vol.5 , pp. 271-281
    • Christian, A.1
  • 39
    • 53749090342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the cervical skeleton posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Janencsch, 1914 by an analysis of the intervertebral stress along the neck and a comparison with the results of different approaches
    • Christian A, Dzemski G, (2007) Reconstruction of the cervical skeleton posture of Brachiosaurus brancai Janencsch, 1914 by an analysis of the intervertebral stress along the neck and a comparison with the results of different approaches. Foss Rec 10: 38-49.
    • (2007) Foss Rec , vol.10 , pp. 38-49
    • Christian, A.1    Dzemski, G.2
  • 40
    • 84869748589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck posture in sauropods
    • Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
    • Christian A, Dzemski G (2011) Neck posture in sauropods. In: Klein N, Remes K, Gee CT, Sander PM, editors. Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 251-260.
    • (2011) Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants , pp. 251-260
    • Christian, A.1    Dzemski, G.2
  • 41
    • 0027036333 scopus 로고
    • The role of phylogenetic analysis in the inference of unpreserved attributes of extinct taxa
    • Bryant HN, Russell AP, (1992) The role of phylogenetic analysis in the inference of unpreserved attributes of extinct taxa. Phil Trans R Soc B 337: 405-418.
    • (1992) Phil Trans R Soc B , vol.337 , pp. 405-418
    • Bryant, H.N.1    Russell, A.P.2
  • 42
    • 0002512690 scopus 로고
    • The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils
    • Thomason JJ, editor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Witmer LM (1995) The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. In: Thomason JJ, editor. Functional morphology in vertebrate palaeontology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 19-33.
    • (1995) Functional morphology in vertebrate palaeontology , pp. 19-33
    • Witmer, L.M.1
  • 43
    • 0039922977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary morphology of the neck system in ratites, fowl and waterfowl
    • van der Leeuw AHJ, Bout RG, Zweers GA, (2001) Evolutionary morphology of the neck system in ratites, fowl and waterfowl. Neth J Zool 51: 243-262.
    • (2001) Neth J Zool , vol.51 , pp. 243-262
    • van der Leeuw, A.H.J.1    Bout, R.G.2    Zweers, G.A.3
  • 44
    • 2342606606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteological correlates of cervical musculature in Aves and Sauropoda (Dinosauria: Saurischia), with comments on the cervical ribs of Apatosaurus
    • Wedel MJ, Sanders RK, (2002) Osteological correlates of cervical musculature in Aves and Sauropoda (Dinosauria: Saurischia), with comments on the cervical ribs of Apatosaurus. PaleoBios 22: 1-6.
    • (2002) PaleoBios , vol.22 , pp. 1-6
    • Wedel, M.J.1    Sanders, R.K.2
  • 46
    • 84869845693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons
    • Klein N, Christian A, Sander PM, (2012) Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons. Biol Lett 8: 1032-1035.
    • (2012) Biol Lett , vol.8 , pp. 1032-1035
    • Klein, N.1    Christian, A.2    Sander, P.M.3
  • 47
    • 13944283357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologies of the transversospinalis muscles in the anterior presacral region of Sauria (crown Diapsida)
    • Tsuihiji T, (2005) Homologies of the transversospinalis muscles in the anterior presacral region of Sauria (crown Diapsida). J Morphol 263: 151-178.
    • (2005) J Morphol , vol.263 , pp. 151-178
    • Tsuihiji, T.1
  • 48
    • 35348964748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homologies of the longissimus, iliocostalis, and hypaxial muscles in the anterior presacral region of extant Diapsida
    • Tsuihiji T, (2007) Homologies of the longissimus, iliocostalis, and hypaxial muscles in the anterior presacral region of extant Diapsida. J Morphol 268: 986-1020.
    • (2007) J Morphol , vol.268 , pp. 986-1020
    • Tsuihiji, T.1
  • 49
    • 33646389630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs
    • Upchurch P, (2000) Neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs. Science 287: 547b.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 547
    • Upchurch, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.