Treatment of luteal phase defects in assisted reproduction

Current Drug Targets

Volumn 14, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 832-842

  Muñoz, Elkin ^a   Taboas, Esther ^a   Portela, Susana ^a   Aguilar, Jesús ^a   Fernandez, Iria ^a   Muñoz, Luis ^b   Bosch, Ernesto ^c  

^a IVI Vigo Vigo Spain   (Colombia)

^b HOSPITAL DE SAN JOSÉ   (Colombia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Assisted reproduction treatments; GnRH agonist triggering; hCG; LH; Luteal phase support; Progesterone

Indexed keywords

BUSERELIN; CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; CLOMIFENE CITRATE; DYDROGESTERONE; ESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; FOLLITROPIN; GONADORELIN AGONIST; HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPIN; LEUPRORELIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; PROGESTERONE; RECOMBINANT CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; TRIPTORELIN;

ARTICLE; BIRTH RATE; CORPUS LUTEUM; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; ENDOMETRIUM BIOPSY; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; LUTEAL INSUFFICIENCY; LUTEAL PHASE; LUTEOLYSIS; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); OOCYTE RETRIEVAL; OVARY HYPERSTIMULATION; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY RATE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STEROID BLOOD LEVEL; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC);

CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; ESTRADIOL; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMANS; INFERTILITY, FEMALE; LUTEAL PHASE; OVARIAN HYPERSTIMULATION SYNDROME; OVULATION; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; PROGESTERONE;

EID: 84881327866     PISSN: 13894501     EISSN: 18735592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389450111314080002     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Devoto L, Fuentes A, Kohen P, et al. The human corpus luteum: life cycle and function in natural cycles. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1067-79.
2. Smitz J, Devroey P, Camus M, et al. The luteal phase and early pregnancy after combined GnRH-agonist/HMG treatment for superovulation in IVF or GIFT. Hum Reprod 1988; 3: 585-90.
3. Munoz E, Taboas E, Martinez B, Fernandez I, Aguilar J, Remohí J. Recombinant LH rescues the luteal phase after GnRH agonist triggering of ovulation. A comparative study. Fertil Steril 2012; 98 (3): S190.
4. Pritts EA, Atwood AK. Luteal phase support in infertility treatment: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Hum Reprod 2002; 17: 2287-99.
5. Csapo AI, Pulkkinen MO, Ruttner B, Sauvage JP, Wiest WG. The significance of the human corpus luteum in pregnancy maintenance. I. Preliminary studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 112: 1061-7.
6. Filicori M, Butler JP, Crowley WF, Jr. Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human. Evidence for pulsatile progesterone secretion. J Clin Invest 1984; 73: 1638-47.
7. Strott CA, Cargille CM, Ross GT, Lipsett MB. The short luteal phase. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1970; 30: 246-51.
8. Jordan J, Craig K, Clifton DK, Soules MR. Luteal phase defect: the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods in common clinical use. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 54-62.
9. Usadi RS, Groll JM, Lessey BA, et al. Endometrial development and function in experimentally induced luteal phase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 4058-64.
10. Murray MJ, Meyer WR, Zaino RJ, et al. A critical analysis of the accuracy, reproducibility, and clinical utility of histologic endometrial dating in fertile women. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1333-43.
11. Edwards RG, Steptoe PC, Purdy JM. Establishing full-term human pregnancies using cleaving embryos grown in vitro. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 87: 737-56.
12. Duffy DM, Stewart DR, Stouffer RL. Titrating luteinizing hormone replacement to sustain the structure and function of the corpus luteum after gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment in rhesus monkeys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 342-9.
13. Beckers NG, Macklon NS, Eijkemans MJ, et al. Nonsupplemented luteal phase characteristics after the administration of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin, recombinant luteinizing hormone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to induce final oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilization patients after ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and GnRH antagonist cotreatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 4186-92.
14. Fatemi HM. The luteal phase after 3 decades of IVF: what do we know? Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19 Suppl 4: 4331.
15. Fauser BC, Devroey P. Reproductive biology and IVF: ovarian stimulation and luteal phase consequences. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2003; 14: 236-42.
16. Kerin JF, Broom TJ, Ralph MM, Edmonds DK, Warnes GM, Jeffrey R, et al. Human luteal phase function following oocyte aspiration from the immediately preovular graafian follicle of spontaneous ovular cycles. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1981; 88: 1021-8.
17. Miyake A, Aono T, Kinugasa T, Tanizawa O, Kurachi K. Suppression of serum levels of luteinizing hormone by short- and long-loop negative feedback in ovariectomized women. J Endocrinol 1979; 80: 353-6.
18. Belaisch-Allart J, Testart J, Fries N, Forman R G, Frydman R. The effect of dydrogesterone supplementation in an IVF programme. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 183-5.
19. Kupfermincet MJ, Lessing JB, Amit A, Yovel I, David MP, Peyser MR. A prospective randomized trial of human chorionic gonadotrophin or dydrogesterone support following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 1990; 5(3): 271-3.
20. Wong YF, Loong EPL, Mao KR, et al. Salivary oestradiol and progesterone after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer using different luteal support regimens. Reprod Fertil Dev 1990; 2: 351-8.
21. Colwell KA, Tummon IS. Elevation of serum progesterone with oral micronized progesterone after in vitro fertilization. J Reprod Med 1991; 36: 170-2.
22. Artini PG, Volpe A, Angioni S, Galassi MC, Battaglia C, Genazzani AR. A comparative, randomized study of three different progesterone support of the luteal phase following IVF/ET program. J Endocrinol Invest 1995; 18: 51-6.
23. Hurd W W, Randolph Jf Jr, Christman G M, Ansbacher R, Menge A C, Gell J S. Luteal support with both estrogen and progesterone after clomiphene citrate stimulation for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1996; 66: 587-92.
24. Abate A, Brigandi A, Abate FG, Manti F, Unfer V, Perino M. Luteal phase support with 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone versus unsupported cycles in in vitro fertilization: a comparative randomized study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1999; 48(2): 78-80.
25. Abate A, Perino M, Abate FG, Brigandi A, Costabile L, Manti F. Intramuscular versus vaginal administration of progesterone for luteal phase support after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. A comparative randomized study. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1999; 26: 203-6.
26. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. The clinical relevance of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012; 98: 1112-7.
27. Horcajadas JA, Pellicer A, Simon C. Wide genomic analysis of human endometrial receptivity: new times, new opportunities. Hum Reprod Update 2007; 13: 77-86.
28. Posaci C, Smitz J, Camus M, Osmanagaoglu K, Devroey P. Progesterone for the luteal support of assisted reproductive technologies: clinical options. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 Suppl 1: 129-48.
29. Lightman A, Kol S, Itskovitz-Eldor J. A prospective randomized study comparing intramuscular with intravaginal natural progesterone in programmed thaw cycles. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 2596-9.
30. Propst AM, Hill JA, Ginsburg ES, Hurwitz S, Politch J, Yanushpolsky EH. A randomized study comparing Crinone 8% and intra muscular progesterone supplementation in in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 2001; 76: 1144-9.
31. van der Linden M, Buckingham K, Farquhar C, Kremer JA, Metwally M. Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (10): CD009154. doi:CD009154.
32. Zarutskie PW, Phillips JA. A meta-analysis of the route of administration of luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology: vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 163-9.
33. Daya S, Gunby J. Luteal phase support in assisted reproduction cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (3): CD004830.
34. Polyzos NP, Messini CI, Papanikolaou EG, et al. Vaginal progesterone gel for luteal phase support in IVF/ICSI cycles: a metaanalysis. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2083-7.
35. Kaser DJ, Ginsburg ES, Missmer SA, Correia KF, Racowsky C. Intramuscular progesterone versus 8% Crinone vaginal gel for luteal phase support for day 3 cryopreserved embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2012; 98: 1464-9.
36. Torode HW, Porter RN, Vaughan JI, Saunders DM. Luteal phase support after in vitro fertilisation: a trial and rationale for selective use. Clin Reprod Fertil 1987; 5: 255-61.
37. Belaisch-Allart J, De Mouzon J, Lapousterle C, Mayer M. The effect of HCG supplementation after combined GnRH agonist/ HMG treatment in an IVF programme. Hum Reprod 1990; 5: 163-6.
38. Beckers NGM, Laven JSE, Eijkemans MJC, Fauser BCJM. Follicular and luteal phase characteristics following early cessation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist during ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2000; 15(1): 43-9.
39. Macrolin G, Buvat J, Guittard C, Herbaut JC, Louvet AL, Dehaene JL. Fécondation in vitro après agoniste de la LHRH: comparison randomisée de soutiens lutéaux par progestérone vaginale seule ou associee a la gonadotrophine chorionique. Contraception Fertilité Sexualité 1993; 21(5): 434.
40. Martinez F, Coroleu B, Parera N, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin and intravaginal natural progesterone are equally effective for luteal phase support in IVF. Gynaecological Endocrinology 2000; 14: 316-20.
41. Ugur M, Yenicesu O, Ozcan S, Keles G, Gokmen O. A prospective randomized study comparing hCG, vaginal micronized progesterone and a combination regimen for luteal phase support in an invitro fertilization programme. Fertil Steril 2001; 76 Suppl 1: 118.
42. Vimpeli T, Tinkanen H, Huhtala H, Ronnberg L, Kujansuu E. Salivary and serum progesterone concentrations during two luteal support regimens used in in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril 2001; 76: 847-8.
43. Ludwig M, Finas A, Katalinic A, et al. Prospective, randomized study to evaluate the success rates using hCG, vaginal progesterone or a combination of both for luteal phase support. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2001; 80: 574-82.
44. Tay PYS, Lenton EA. The impact of luteal supplement on pregnancy outcome following stimulated IVF cycles. Medical Journal of Malaysia 2005; 60(2): 151-7.
45. Caligara C, Carranza F, Ramos J, Rodriguez I, Gonzalez A, Fernandez- Sanchez M. Luteal phase support in IVF patients at low risk for OHSS: Progesterone vs. progesterone plus HCG. A prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril 2007; 88: S163.
46. Lam PM, Cheung MC, Cheung LP, Lok HI, Haines CJ. Effects of early luteal-phase vaginal progesterone supplementation on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Gynecological Endocrinology 2008; 24 (12): 674-80.
47. Golan A, Herman A, Soffer Y, Bukovsky I, Caspi E, Ron-El R. Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a better luteal support than progesterone in ultrashort gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/ menotrophin in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1993; 8: 1372-5.
48. Albert J, Pfeifer S. Luteal phase hormone levels after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET): a prospective randomized trial of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) vs. intramuscular (im) progesterone (P) for luteal phase support following stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). Fertil Steril 1991; S18.
49. Fujimoto A, Osuga Y, Fujiwara T, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin combined with progesterone for luteal support improves pregnancy rate in patients with low late-midluteal estradiol levels in IVF cycles. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 2002; 19(12): 550-4.
50. Araujo E Jr, Bernardini N, Frederick JL, Asch LH, Balmaceda JP. Prospective randomized comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin versus intramuscular progesterone for luteal-phase support in assisted reproduction. J Assist Reprod Genet 1994; 11 (2): 74-8.
51. Younis JS, Ezra Y, Sherman Y, Simon A, Schenker JG, Laufer N. The effect of estradiol depletion during the luteal phase on endometrial development. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 103-7.
52. Hung Yu, Ng E, Shu Biu Yeung W, Yee Lan Lau E, Wai Ki So W, Chung Ho P. A rapid decline in serum oestradiol concentrations around the mid-luteal phase had no adverse effect on outcome in 763 assisted reproduction cycles. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 1903-8.
53. Farhi J, Weissman A, Steinfeld Z, Shorer M, Nahum H, Levran D. Estradiol supplementation during the luteal phase may improve the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 2000; 73: 761-6.
54. Lukaszuk K, Liss J, Lukaszuk M, Maj B. Optimization of estradiol supplementation during the luteal phase improves the pregnancy rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 2005; 83: 1372-6.
55. Drakakis P, Loutradis D, Vomvolaki E, et al. Luteal estrogen supplementation in stimulated cycles may improve the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007; 23: 645-52.
56. Ghanem ME, Sadek EE, Elboghdady LA, et al. The effect of luteal phase support protocol on cycle outcome and luteal phase hormone profile in long agonist protocol intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 486-93.
57. Smitz J, Bourgain C, Van Waesberghe L, Camus M, Devroey P, Van Steirteghem AC. A prospective randomized study on oestradiol valerate supplementation in addition to intravaginal micronized progesterone in buserelin and HMG induced superovulation. Hum Reprod 1993; 8: 40-5.
58. Lewin A, Benshushan A, Mezker E, Yanai N, Schenker JG, Goshen R. The role of estrogen support during the luteal phase of in vitro fertilization-embryo transplant cycles: a comparative study between progesterone alone and estrogen and progesterone support. Fertil Steril 1994; 62: 121-5.
59. Fatemi HM, Kolibianakis EM, Camus M, et al. Addition of estradiol to progesterone for luteal supplementation in patients stimulated with GnRH antagonist/rFSH for IVF: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2628-32.
60. Ceyhan ST, Basaran M, Kemal Duru N, Yilmaz A, Goktolga U, Baser I. Use of luteal estrogen supplementation in normal responder patients treated with fixed multidose GnRH antagonist: a prospective randomized controlled study. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 1827-30.
61. Gelbaya TA, Kyrgiou M, Tsoumpou I, Nardo LG. The use of estradiol for luteal phase support in in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 2116-25.
62. Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza-Tesarik R, Mendoza N, Mendoza C. Beneficial effect of luteal-phase GnRH agonist administration on embryo implantation after ICSI in both GnRH agonist- and antagonist- treated ovarian stimulation cycles. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2572-9.
63. Ata B, Yakin K, Balaban B, Urman B. GnRH agonist protocol administration in the luteal phase in ICSI-ET cycles stimulated with the long GnRH agonist protocol: a randomized, controlled double blind study. Hum Reprod 2008; 23: 668-73.
64. Isik AZ, Caglar GS, Sozen E, et al. Single-dose GnRH agonist administration in the luteal phase of GnRH antagonist cycles: a prospective randomized study. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19: 472-7.
65. Razieh DF, Maryam AR, Nasim T. Beneficial effect of luteal-phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administration on implantation rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 48: 245-8.
66. Pirard C, Donnez J, Loumaye E. GnRH agonist as luteal phase support in assisted reproduction technique cycles: results of a pilot study. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1894-900.
67. Oliveira JB, Baruffi R, Petersen CG, Mauri AL, Cavagna M, Franco JG, Jr. Administration of single-dose GnRH agonist in the luteal phase in ICSI cycles: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8: 107.
68. Ata B, Urman B. Single dose GnRH agonist administration in the luteal phase of assisted reproduction cycles: is the effect dependent on the type of GnRH analogue used for pituitary suppression? Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20: 165+6; author reply 167.
69. Lanzone A, Fulghesu AM, Apa R, Caruso A, Mancuso S. LH surge induction by GnRH agonist at the time of ovulation. Gynecol Endocrinol 1989; 3: 213-20.
70. Kol S. Luteolysis induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist is the key to prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004; 81: 1-5.
71. Itskovitz J, Boldes R, Levron J, Erlik Y, Kahana L, Brandes JM. Induction of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonist. Fertil Steril 1991; 56: 213-20.
72. Fauser BC, de Jong D, Olivennes F, et al. Endocrine profiles after triggering of final oocyte maturation with GnRH agonist after cotreatment with the GnRH antagonist ganirelix during ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 709-15.
73. Humaidan P, Bredkjaer HE, Bungum L, et al. GnRH agonist (buserelin) or hCG for ovulation induction in GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles: a prospective randomized study. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 1213-20.
74. Humaidan P. Luteal phase rescue in high-risk OHSS patients by GnRHa triggering in combination with low-dose HCG: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18: 630-4.
75. Humaidan P, Papanikolaou EG, Kyrou D, et al. The luteal phase after GnRH-agonist triggering of ovulation: present and future perspectives. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24: 134-41.
76. Andersen CY, Humaidan P, Ejdrup HB, Bungum L, Grondahl ML, Westergaard LG. Hormonal characteristics of follicular fluid from women receiving either GnRH agonist or hCG for ovulation induction. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2126-30.
77. Griesinger G, Kolibianakis EM, Papanikolaou EG, et al. Triggering of final oocyte maturation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin. Live birth after frozenthawed embryo replacement cycles. Fertil Steril 2007; 88: 616-21.
78. Imbar T, Kol S, Lossos F, Bdolah Y, Hurwitz A, Haimov- Kochman R. Reproductive outcome of fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer is similar in high-risk patients for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome using GnRH agonist for final oocyte maturation and intensive luteal support. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 753-9.
79. Engmann L, DiLuigi A, Schmidt D, Nulsen J, Maier D, Benadiva C. The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to induce oocyte maturation after cotreatment with GnRH antagonist in high-risk patients undergoing in vitro fertilization prevents the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled study. Fertil Steril 2008; 89: 84-91.
80. Babayof R, Margalioth EJ, Huleihel M, et al. Serum inhibin A, VEGF and TNFalpha levels after triggering oocyte maturation with GnRH agonist compared with HCG in women with polycystic ovaries undergoing IVF treatment: a prospective randomized trial. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1260-5.
81. Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Hudson C. Comparison of triggers using leuprolide acetate alone or in combination with low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 2715-7.
82. Kummer N, Benadiva C, Feinn R, Mann J, Nulsen J, Engmann L. Factors that predict the probability of a successful clinical outcome after induction of oocyte maturation with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Fertil Steril 2011; 96: 63-8.
83. Humaidan P, Bungum L, Bungum M, Yding Andersen C. Rescue of corpus luteum function with peri-ovulatory HCG supplementation in IVF/ICSI GnRH antagonist cycles in which ovulation was triggered with a GnRH agonist: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 173-8.
84. Humaidan P, Ejdrup Bredkjaer H, Westergaard LG, Yding Andersen C. 1,500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin administered at oocyte retrieval rescues the luteal phase when gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist is used for ovulation induction: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fertil Steril 2010; 93: 847-54.
85. Shapiro BS, Daneshmand ST, Garner FC, Aguirre M, Thomas S. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with a reduced dose of human chorionic gonadotropin for final oocyte maturation in fresh autologous cycles of in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2008; 90: 231-3.
86. Castillo JC, Dolz M, Bienvenido E, Abad L, Casan EM, Bonilla- Musoles F. Cycles triggered with GnRH agonist: exploring lowdose HCG for luteal support. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20: 175-81.
87. Kol S, Humaidan P, Itskovitz-Eldor J. GnRH agonist ovulation trigger and hCG-based, progesterone-free luteal support: a proof of concept study. Hum Reprod 2011; 26: 2874-7.
88. Tavaniotou A, Albano C, Smitz J, Devroey P. Comparison of LH concentrations in the early and mid-luteal phase in IVF cycles after treatment with HMG alone or in association with the GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 663-7.
89. Papanikolaou EG, Verpoest W, Fatemi H, Tarlatzis B, Devroey P, Tournaye H. A novel method of luteal supplementation with recombinant luteinizing hormone when a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist is used instead of human chorionic gonadotropin for ovulation triggering: a randomized prospective proof of concept study. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 1174-7.
90. Geber S, Maia L, Lauar I, Valle MP, Sampaio AC. Does recombinant LH combined to progesterone for luteal phase interfere in the outcome of assisted reproduction technique cycles? [abstract]. Fertil Steril 2007; 88 Suppl 1:25.
91. Smitz J, Devroey P, Faguer B, Bourgain C, Camus M, Van Steirteghem AC. A prospective randomized comparison of intramuscular or intravaginal natural progesterone as a luteal phase and early pregnancy supplement. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 168-75.
92. Buvat J, Marcolin G, Guittard C, Herbaut JC, Louvet AL, Dehaene JL. Luteal support after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist for in vitro fertilization: superiority of human chorionic gonadotropin over oral progesterone. Fertil Steril 1990; 53: 490-4.
93. Claman P, Domingo M, Leader A. Luteal phase support in in-vitro fertilization using gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue before ovarian stimulation: a prospective randomized study of human chorionic gonadotrophin versus intramuscular progesterone. Hum Reprod 1992; 7: 487-9.
94. Pouly JL, Bassil S, Frydman Rea. Support de la phase lutéale par la progestérone vaginale: etude comparative avec la progestérone micronisée per os. Contracept-Fertil-Sex 1997; 25: 596-601.
95. Escriba MJ, Bellver J, Bosch E, Sanchez M, Pellicer A, Remohi J. Delaying the initiation of progesterone supplementation until the day of fertilization does not compromise cycle outcome in patients receiving donated oocytes: a randomized study. Fertil Steril 2006; 86: 92-7.
96. Kolibianakis E, Bourgain C, Albano C, et al. Effect of ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, and human chorionic gonadotropin on endometrial maturation on the day of oocyte pickup. Fertil Steril 2002; 78: 1025-9.
97. Mochtar M, Van Welly M, Van der Veen F. Timing luteal phase support in GnRH agonist down-regulated IVF/embryo transfer cycles. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 905-8
98. Kohls G, Ruiz F, Martinez M, et al. Early progesterone cessation after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2012; 98: 858-62.
99. Kyrou D, Popovic-Todorovic B, Fatemi HM, et al. Does the estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration have an impact on pregnancy rates in patients treated with rec- FSH/GnRH antagonist? Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 2902-9.
100. Goudge CS, Nagel TC, Damario MA. Duration of progesterone-inoil support after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 946-51.