메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 831-845

Not all colors are equal: Predation and color polytypism in the aposematic poison frog Oophaga pumilio

Author keywords

Bocas del Toro; Color polymorphism; Conspicuous coloration; Dendrobates pumilio; Dendrobatidae; Honest signaling; Model experiment

Indexed keywords

APOSEMATISM; COLOR MORPH; FROG; HONEST SIGNALING; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; LOCAL ADAPTATION; NATURAL SELECTION; POLYTYPISM; PREDATION; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; SIGNAL;

EID: 84881028890     PISSN: 02697653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9605-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0035709615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using artificial fruits to evaluate fruit selection by birds in the field
    • Alves-Costa CP, Lopes AV (2001) Using artificial fruits to evaluate fruit selection by birds in the field. Biotropica 33: 713-717.
    • (2001) Biotropica , vol.33 , pp. 713-717
    • Alves-Costa, C.P.1    Lopes, A.V.2
  • 2
    • 0035987410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dwarfism in insular sloths: biogeography, selection, and evolutionary rate
    • Anderson RP, Charles O, Handley JR (2002) Dwarfism in insular sloths: biogeography, selection, and evolutionary rate. Evolution 56: 1045-1058.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1045-1058
    • Anderson, R.P.1    Charles, O.2    Handley, J.R.3
  • 3
    • 0034311083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate visual memory of colors in controlling the pecking behavior of quail chicks
    • Aoki M, Izawa E, Koga K, Yanagihara S, Matsushima T (2000) Accurate visual memory of colors in controlling the pecking behavior of quail chicks. Zool Sci 17: 1053-1059.
    • (2000) Zool Sci , vol.17 , pp. 1053-1059
    • Aoki, M.1    Izawa, E.2    Koga, K.3    Yanagihara, S.4    Matsushima, T.5
  • 4
    • 38649118873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic chicks primarily attend to colour, not pattern, when learning an aposematic coloration
    • Aronsson M, Gamberale-Stille G (2008) Domestic chicks primarily attend to colour, not pattern, when learning an aposematic coloration. Anim Behav 75: 417-423.
    • (2008) Anim Behav , vol.75 , pp. 417-423
    • Aronsson, M.1    Gamberale-Stille, G.2
  • 5
    • 0026723830 scopus 로고
    • Detectability and choice during visual search: joint effects of sequential priming and discriminability
    • Blough P (1992) Detectability and choice during visual search: joint effects of sequential priming and discriminability. Learn Behav 20: 293-300.
    • (1992) Learn Behav , vol.20 , pp. 293-300
    • Blough, P.1
  • 7
    • 84990745758 scopus 로고
    • Searching image in the pigeon: a test of three hypothetical mechanisms
    • Bond AB, Riley DA (1991) Searching image in the pigeon: a test of three hypothetical mechanisms. Ethology 87: 203-224.
    • (1991) Ethology , vol.87 , pp. 203-224
    • Bond, A.B.1    Riley, D.A.2
  • 8
    • 0038405321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
    • Branham M, Wenzel JW (2003) The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Cladistics 19: 1-22.
    • (2003) Cladistics , vol.19 , pp. 1-22
    • Branham, M.1    Wenzel, J.W.2
  • 9
    • 0027508588 scopus 로고
    • Differential avoidance of coral snake banded patterns by free-ranging avian predators in Costa Rica
    • Brodie ED III (1993) Differential avoidance of coral snake banded patterns by free-ranging avian predators in Costa Rica. Evolution 47: 227-235.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 227-235
    • Brodie III, E.D.1
  • 10
    • 0344134061 scopus 로고
    • Mimicry: differential advantage of color patterns in the natural environment
    • Brower LP, Brower VZJ, Stiles FG, Croze HJ, Hower AS (1964) Mimicry: differential advantage of color patterns in the natural environment. Science 144: 183.
    • (1964) Science , vol.144 , pp. 183
    • Brower, L.P.1    Brower, V.Z.J.2    Stiles, F.G.3    Croze, H.J.4    Hower, A.S.5
  • 11
    • 77953108456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for selection on coloration in a Panamánian poison frog: a coalescent-based approach
    • Brown JL, Maan ME, Cummings ME, Summers K (2010) Evidence for selection on coloration in a Panamánian poison frog: a coalescent-based approach. J Biogeogr 37: 891-901.
    • (2010) J Biogeogr , vol.37 , pp. 891-901
    • Brown, J.L.1    Maan, M.E.2    Cummings, M.E.3    Summers, K.4
  • 12
    • 84859058194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wright's shifting balance theory and the diversification of aposematic signals
    • Chouteau M, Angers B (2012) Wright's shifting balance theory and the diversification of aposematic signals. PLoS ONE 7: e34028.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Chouteau, M.1    Angers, B.2
  • 13
    • 0000862960 scopus 로고
    • An attempt to verify mimetic advantage in a neotropical environment
    • Cook LM, Brower LP, Alcock J (1969) An attempt to verify mimetic advantage in a neotropical environment. Evolution 23: 339-345.
    • (1969) Evolution , vol.23 , pp. 339-345
    • Cook, L.M.1    Brower, L.P.2    Alcock, J.3
  • 14
    • 77954171426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspicuousness is correlated with toxicity in marine opisthobranchs
    • Cortesi F, Cheney KL (2010) Conspicuousness is correlated with toxicity in marine opisthobranchs. J Evol Biol 23: 1509-1518.
    • (2010) J Evol Biol , vol.23 , pp. 1509-1518
    • Cortesi, F.1    Cheney, K.L.2
  • 16
    • 0014210805 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of Panamánian poison frogs (Dendrobates): some biological and chemical aspects
    • Daly JW, Myers CW (1967) Toxicity of Panamánian poison frogs (Dendrobates): some biological and chemical aspects. Science 156: 970-973.
    • (1967) Science , vol.156 , pp. 970-973
    • Daly, J.W.1    Myers, C.W.2
  • 17
    • 33645808239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for diversity in warning signals: conspicuousness versus toxicity in poison frogs
    • Darst CR, Cummings ME, Cannatella DC (2006) A mechanism for diversity in warning signals: conspicuousness versus toxicity in poison frogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 5852-5857.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 5852-5857
    • Darst, C.R.1    Cummings, M.E.2    Cannatella, D.C.3
  • 18
    • 0027488236 scopus 로고
    • The color of light in forests and its implications
    • Endler JA (1993) The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecol Monogr 63: 1-27.
    • (1993) Ecol Monogr , vol.63 , pp. 1-27
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 19
    • 2442442030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator mixes and the conspicuousness of aposematic signals
    • Endler JA, Mappes J (2004) Predator mixes and the conspicuousness of aposematic signals. Am Nat 163: 532-547.
    • (2004) Am Nat , vol.163 , pp. 532-547
    • Endler, J.A.1    Mappes, J.2
  • 20
    • 0037391221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions of passerine birds to aposematic and non-aposematic firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus; Heteroptera)
    • Exnerová A, Landova E, Stys P, Fuchs R, Prokopova M, Cehlarikova P (2003) Reactions of passerine birds to aposematic and non-aposematic firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus; Heteroptera). Biol J Linn Soc 78: 517-525.
    • (2003) Biol J Linn Soc , vol.78 , pp. 517-525
    • Exnerová, A.1    Landova, E.2    Stys, P.3    Fuchs, R.4    Prokopova, M.5    Cehlarikova, P.6
  • 21
    • 0000100230 scopus 로고
    • Why are distasteful prey not cryptic?
    • Gittleman JL, Harvey PH (1980) Why are distasteful prey not cryptic? Nature 286: 149-150.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 149-150
    • Gittleman, J.L.1    Harvey, P.H.2
  • 24
    • 79955097177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting colors of an aposematic poison frog do not affect predation
    • Hegna RH, Saporito RA, Gerow KG, Donnelly MA (2011) Contrasting colors of an aposematic poison frog do not affect predation. Ann Zool Fenn 48: 29-38.
    • (2011) Ann Zool Fenn , vol.48 , pp. 29-38
    • Hegna, R.H.1    Saporito, R.A.2    Gerow, K.G.3    Donnelly, M.A.4
  • 25
    • 0032213764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity in mimicry: paradox or paradigm?
    • Joron M, Mallet JLB (1998) Diversity in mimicry: paradox or paradigm? Trends Ecol Evol 13: 461-466.
    • (1998) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.13 , pp. 461-466
    • Joron, M.1    Mallet, J.L.B.2
  • 26
    • 79955393027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direction and strength of selection by predators for the color of the aposematic wood tiger moth
    • Lindstedt C, Eager H, Ihalainen E, Kahilainen A, Stevens M, Mappes J (2011) Direction and strength of selection by predators for the color of the aposematic wood tiger moth. Behav Ecol 22: 580-587.
    • (2011) Behav Ecol , vol.22 , pp. 580-587
    • Lindstedt, C.1    Eager, H.2    Ihalainen, E.3    Kahilainen, A.4    Stevens, M.5    Mappes, J.6
  • 28
    • 51249101543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female preferences for aposematic signal components in a polymorphic poison frog
    • Maan ME, Cummings ME (2008) Female preferences for aposematic signal components in a polymorphic poison frog. Evolution 62: 2334-2345.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2334-2345
    • Maan, M.E.1    Cummings, M.E.2
  • 29
    • 83655190675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poison frog colors are honest signals of toxicity, particularly for bird predators
    • Maan ME, Cummings ME (2012) Poison frog colors are honest signals of toxicity, particularly for bird predators. Am Nat 179: E1-E14.
    • (2012) Am Nat , vol.179
    • Maan, M.E.1    Cummings, M.E.2
  • 30
    • 0024903647 scopus 로고
    • Strong natural selection in a warning-color hybrid zone
    • Mallet J, Barton NH (1989) Strong natural selection in a warning-color hybrid zone. Evolution 43: 421-431.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 421-431
    • Mallet, J.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 31
    • 0030619958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of novelty and gregariousness in survival of aposematic prey
    • Mappes J, Alatalo RV (1997) Effects of novelty and gregariousness in survival of aposematic prey. Behav Ecol 8: 174-177.
    • (1997) Behav Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 174-177
    • Mappes, J.1    Alatalo, R.V.2
  • 32
    • 27144473398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complex business of survival by aposematism
    • Mappes J, Marples N, Endler JA (2005) The complex business of survival by aposematism. Trends Ecol Evol 20: 598-603.
    • (2005) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.20 , pp. 598-603
    • Mappes, J.1    Marples, N.2    Endler, J.A.3
  • 33
    • 0031784032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of wild birds to novel prey: evidence of dietary conservatism
    • Marples NM, Roper TJ, Harper DGC (1998) Responses of wild birds to novel prey: evidence of dietary conservatism. Oikos 83: 161-165.
    • (1998) Oikos , vol.83 , pp. 161-165
    • Marples, N.M.1    Roper, T.J.2    Harper, D.G.C.3
  • 34
    • 0020646759 scopus 로고
    • Dart-poison frogs
    • Myers CW, Daly JW (1983) Dart-poison frogs. Sci Am 248: 120-133.
    • (1983) Sci Am , vol.248 , pp. 120-133
    • Myers, C.W.1    Daly, J.W.2
  • 35
    • 82955240684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-off between warning signal efficacy and mating success in the wood tiger moth
    • Nokelainen O, Hegna RH, Reudler JH, Lindstedt C, Mappes J (2012) Trade-off between warning signal efficacy and mating success in the wood tiger moth. Proc R Soc Lond B 279: 257-265.
    • (2012) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.279 , pp. 257-265
    • Nokelainen, O.1    Hegna, R.H.2    Reudler, J.H.3    Lindstedt, C.4    Mappes, J.5
  • 36
    • 63249086515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of predator selection on polymorphic aposematic poison frogs
    • Noonan BP, Comeault AA (2009) The role of predator selection on polymorphic aposematic poison frogs. Biol Lett 5: 51-54.
    • (2009) Biol Lett , vol.5 , pp. 51-54
    • Noonan, B.P.1    Comeault, A.A.2
  • 37
    • 26244462984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoreceptor spectral sensitivities in terrestrial animals: adaptations for luminance and colour vision
    • Osorio D, Vorobyev M (2005) Photoreceptor spectral sensitivities in terrestrial animals: adaptations for luminance and colour vision. Proc R Soc Lond B 272: 1745-1752.
    • (2005) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.272 , pp. 1745-1752
    • Osorio, D.1    Vorobyev, M.2
  • 40
    • 77953902727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification
    • Przeczek K, Mueller C, Vamosi SM (2008) The evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification. Integr Zool 3: 149-156.
    • (2008) Integr Zool , vol.3 , pp. 149-156
    • Przeczek, K.1    Mueller, C.2    Vamosi, S.M.3
  • 41
    • 24744459882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual processes and the maintenance of polymorphism through frequency-dependent predation
    • Punzalan D, Rodd FH, Hughes KA (2005) Perceptual processes and the maintenance of polymorphism through frequency-dependent predation. Evol Ecol 19: 303-320.
    • (2005) Evol Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 303-320
    • Punzalan, D.1    Rodd, F.H.2    Hughes, K.A.3
  • 42
    • 33845529694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditions for the spread of conspicuous warning signals: a numerical model with novel insights
    • Puurtinen M, Kaitala V (2006) Conditions for the spread of conspicuous warning signals: a numerical model with novel insights. Evolution 60: 2246-2256.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2246-2256
    • Puurtinen, M.1    Kaitala, V.2
  • 44
    • 34548367502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assortative mating in poison-dart frogs based on an ecologically important trait
    • Reynolds RG, Fitzpatrick BM (2007) Assortative mating in poison-dart frogs based on an ecologically important trait. Evolution 61: 2253-2259.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 2253-2259
    • Reynolds, R.G.1    Fitzpatrick, B.M.2
  • 45
    • 0025628752 scopus 로고
    • Responses of domestic chicks to artificially coloured insect prey: effects of previous experience and background colour
    • Roper TJ (1990) Responses of domestic chicks to artificially coloured insect prey: effects of previous experience and background colour. Anim Behav 39: 466-473.
    • (1990) Anim Behav , vol.39 , pp. 466-473
    • Roper, T.J.1
  • 48
    • 34848878309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-gradual variation in colour morphs of the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio: genetic and geographical isolation suggest a role for selection in maintaining polymorphism
    • Rudh A, Rogell B, Hoglund J (2007) Non-gradual variation in colour morphs of the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio: genetic and geographical isolation suggest a role for selection in maintaining polymorphism. Mol Ecol 16: 4284-4294.
    • (2007) Mol Ecol , vol.16 , pp. 4284-4294
    • Rudh, A.1    Rogell, B.2    Hoglund, J.3
  • 49
    • 79955154512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid population divergence linked with co-variation between coloration and sexual display in strawberry poison frogs
    • Rudh A, Rogell B, Håstad O, Qvarnström A (2011) Rapid population divergence linked with co-variation between coloration and sexual display in strawberry poison frogs. Evolution 65: 1271-1282.
    • (2011) Evolution , vol.65 , pp. 1271-1282
    • Rudh, A.1    Rogell, B.2    Håstad, O.3    Qvarnström, A.4
  • 51
    • 54849409718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for aposematic signals and mimicry in prey
    • Ruxton GD, Franks DW, Balogh ACV, Leimar O, van Baalen M (2008) Evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for aposematic signals and mimicry in prey. Evolution 62: 2913-2921.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2913-2921
    • Ruxton, G.D.1    Franks, D.W.2    Balogh, A.C.V.3    Leimar, O.4    van Baalen, M.5
  • 52
    • 34648858610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of alkaloid variation in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio in Costa Rica and Panamá over 30 years
    • Saporito RA, Donnelly MA, Jain P, Garraffo HM, Spande TF, Daly JW (2007a) Spatial and temporal patterns of alkaloid variation in the poison frog Oophaga pumilio in Costa Rica and Panamá over 30 years. Toxicon 50: 757-778.
    • (2007) Toxicon , vol.50 , pp. 757-778
    • Saporito, R.A.1    Donnelly, M.A.2    Jain, P.3    Garraffo, H.M.4    Spande, T.F.5    Daly, J.W.6
  • 53
    • 37849002524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evidence for aposematism in the dendrobatid poison frog Oophaga pumilio
    • Saporito RA, Zuercher R, Roberts M, Gerow KG, Donnelly MA (2007b) Experimental evidence for aposematism in the dendrobatid poison frog Oophaga pumilio. Copeia 2007: 1006-1011.
    • (2007) Copeia 2007 , pp. 1006-1011
    • Saporito, R.A.1    Zuercher, R.2    Roberts, M.3    Gerow, K.G.4    Donnelly, M.A.5
  • 55
    • 0000223761 scopus 로고
    • Responses to warning coloration in avian predators
    • Schuler W, Roper TJ (1992) Responses to warning coloration in avian predators. Adv Stud Behav 21: 111-146.
    • (1992) Adv Stud Behav , vol.21 , pp. 111-146
    • Schuler, W.1    Roper, T.J.2
  • 56
    • 3543024547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio
    • Siddiqi A, Cronin TW, Loew ER, Vorobyev M, Summers K (2004) Interspecific and intraspecific views of color signals in the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio. J Exp Biol 207: 2471-2485.
    • (2004) J Exp Biol , vol.207 , pp. 2471-2485
    • Siddiqi, A.1    Cronin, T.W.2    Loew, E.R.3    Vorobyev, M.4    Summers, K.5
  • 57
    • 79952739525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colour biases are a question of conspecifics' taste
    • Skelhorn J (2011) Colour biases are a question of conspecifics' taste. Anim Behav 81: 825-829.
    • (2011) Anim Behav , vol.81 , pp. 825-829
    • Skelhorn, J.1
  • 58
    • 0016632477 scopus 로고
    • Innate recognition of coral snake pattern by a possible avian predator
    • Smith SM (1975) Innate recognition of coral snake pattern by a possible avian predator. Science 187: 759-760.
    • (1975) Science , vol.187 , pp. 759-760
    • Smith, S.M.1
  • 59
    • 16844382993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aposematism: what should our starting point be?
    • Speed MP, Ruxton GD (2005) Aposematism: what should our starting point be? Proc R Soc Lond B 272: 431-438.
    • (2005) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.272 , pp. 431-438
    • Speed, M.P.1    Ruxton, G.D.2
  • 60
    • 0031059789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and genetic divergence in three species of dart-poison frogs with contrasting parental behavior
    • Summers K, Bermingham E, Weigt L, McCafferty S, Dahistrom L (1997) Phenotypic and genetic divergence in three species of dart-poison frogs with contrasting parental behavior. J Hered 88: 8-13.
    • (1997) J Hered , vol.88 , pp. 8-13
    • Summers, K.1    Bermingham, E.2    Weigt, L.3    McCafferty, S.4    Dahistrom, L.5
  • 61
    • 0037258733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in spectral reflectance among populations of Dendrobates pumilio, the strawberry poison frog, in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panamá
    • Summers K, Cronin TW, Kennedy T (2003) Variation in spectral reflectance among populations of Dendrobates pumilio, the strawberry poison frog, in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panamá. J Biogeogr 30: 35-53.
    • (2003) J Biogeogr , vol.30 , pp. 35-53
    • Summers, K.1    Cronin, T.W.2    Kennedy, T.3
  • 62
    • 77953904059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection can increase the effect of random genetic drift: a quantitative genetic model of polymorphism in Oophaga pumilio, the strawberry poison-dart frog
    • Tazzyman SJ, Iwasa Y (2010) Sexual selection can increase the effect of random genetic drift: a quantitative genetic model of polymorphism in Oophaga pumilio, the strawberry poison-dart frog. Evolution 64: 1719-1728.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 1719-1728
    • Tazzyman, S.J.1    Iwasa, Y.2
  • 63
    • 79960815212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipredatory function of head shape for vipers and their mimics
    • Valkonen JK, Nokelainen O, Mappes J (2011) Antipredatory function of head shape for vipers and their mimics. PLoS ONE 6: e22272.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Valkonen, J.K.1    Nokelainen, O.2    Mappes, J.3
  • 64
    • 0000989490 scopus 로고
    • Saturniid moths as mimics: an alternative interpretation of attempts to demonstrate mimetic advantage in nature
    • Waldbauer G, Sternburg J (1975) Saturniid moths as mimics: an alternative interpretation of attempts to demonstrate mimetic advantage in nature. Evolution 29: 650-658.
    • (1975) Evolution , vol.29 , pp. 650-658
    • Waldbauer, G.1    Sternburg, J.2
  • 65
    • 79958038496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inversely related aposematic traits: reduced conspicuousness evolves with increased toxicity in a polymorphic poison-dart frog
    • Wang IJ (2011) Inversely related aposematic traits: reduced conspicuousness evolves with increased toxicity in a polymorphic poison-dart frog. Evolution 65: 1637-1649.
    • (2011) Evolution , vol.65 , pp. 1637-1649
    • Wang, I.J.1
  • 66
    • 54849414664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid color evolution in an aposematic species: a phylogenetic analysis of color variation in the strikingly polymorphic strawberry poison-dart frog
    • Wang IJ, Shaffer HB (2008) Rapid color evolution in an aposematic species: a phylogenetic analysis of color variation in the strikingly polymorphic strawberry poison-dart frog. Evolution 62: 2742-2759.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2742-2759
    • Wang, I.J.1    Shaffer, H.B.2
  • 67
    • 74549145030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure is correlated with phenotypic divergence rather than geographic isolation in the highly polymorphic strawberry poison-dart frog
    • Wang IJ, Summers K (2010) Genetic structure is correlated with phenotypic divergence rather than geographic isolation in the highly polymorphic strawberry poison-dart frog. Mol Ecol 19: 447-458.
    • (2010) Mol Ecol , vol.19 , pp. 447-458
    • Wang, I.J.1    Summers, K.2
  • 68
    • 0022209985 scopus 로고
    • Colors of fruit displays of bird-dispersed plants in two tropical forests
    • Wheelwright NT, Janson CH (1985) Colors of fruit displays of bird-dispersed plants in two tropical forests. Am Nat 126: 777-799.
    • (1985) Am Nat , vol.126 , pp. 777-799
    • Wheelwright, N.T.1    Janson, C.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.