메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 13, 2013, Pages 6905-6915

Highly intense lightning over the oceans: Estimated peak currents from global GLD360 observations

Author keywords

lightning over land and ocean; lightning peak currents; long range lightning detection

Indexed keywords

EFFICIENCY; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; LIGHTNING;

EID: 84880900833     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21698996     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50508     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (166)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 0033560129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elves triggered by positive and negative lightning discharges
    • doi: 10.1029/1999GL900059.
    • Barrington-Leigh, C. P., and, U. S. Inan, (1999), Elves triggered by positive and negative lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 683-686, doi: 10.1029/1999GL900059.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 683-686
    • Barrington-Leigh, C.P.1    Inan, U.S.2
  • 2
    • 70350366380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of the parameters of a lightning current pulse from measurements of the electromagnetic field in the far wave zone
    • doi: 10.1134/S1063780X09090086.
    • Bazelyan, E. M., and, M. I. Chichinskiy, (2009), Recovery of the parameters of a lightning current pulse from measurements of the electromagnetic field in the far wave zone, Plasma Phys. Rep., 35, 794-801, doi: 10.1134/S1063780X09090086.
    • (2009) Plasma Phys. Rep. , vol.35 , pp. 794-801
    • Bazelyan, E.M.1    Chichinskiy, M.I.2
  • 3
    • 0000763201 scopus 로고
    • Novel observations on lightning discharges: Results of research on Mount San Salvatore
    • doi: 10.1016/0016-0032(67)90598-4.
    • Berger, K., (1967), Novel observations on lightning discharges: Results of research on Mount San Salvatore, J. Franklin Inst., 283, 478-525, doi: 10.1016/0016-0032(67)90598-4.
    • (1967) J. Franklin Inst. , vol.283 , pp. 478-525
    • Berger, K.1
  • 4
    • 0000321302 scopus 로고
    • Parameters of lightning flashes
    • Berger, K., (1975), Parameters of lightning flashes, Electra, 41, 23-37.
    • (1975) Electra , vol.41 , pp. 23-37
    • Berger, K.1
  • 5
    • 0035104722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the continental United States
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0108:CSASBE>2.0.CO;2.
    • Boccippio, D. J., K. L. Cummins, H. J. Christian, and, S. J. Goodman, (2001), Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the continental United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 108-122, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0108:CSASBE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 108-122
    • Boccippio, D.J.1    Cummins, K.L.2    Christian, H.J.3    Goodman, S.J.4
  • 6
    • 0346266095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tall instrumented towers on the statistical distributions of lightning current parameters and its influence on the power system lightning performance assessment
    • Borghetti, A., C. Nucci, and, M. Paolone, (2003), Effect of tall instrumented towers on the statistical distributions of lightning current parameters and its influence on the power system lightning performance assessment, Eur. Trans. Electr. Power, 13, 365-372.
    • (2003) Eur. Trans. Electr. Power , vol.13 , pp. 365-372
    • Borghetti, A.1    Nucci, C.2    Paolone, M.3
  • 7
    • 55849147703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events
    • doi: 10.1029/2008JA013101.
    • Chen, A. B., et al. (2008), Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08306, doi: 10.1029/2008JA013101.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Chen, A.B.1
  • 8
    • 0242376424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector
    • doi: 10.1029/2002JD002347.
    • Christian, H. J., et al. (2003), Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D1), 4005, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002347.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D1 , pp. 4005
    • Christian, H.J.1
  • 9
    • 73249132554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive broadband ELF/VLF radio reception with the AWESOME instrument
    • doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2028334.
    • Cohen, M. B., U. S. Inan, and, E. W. Paschal, (2010), Sensitive broadband ELF/VLF radio reception with the AWESOME instrument, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 48, 3-17, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2028334.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.48 , pp. 3-17
    • Cohen, M.B.1    Inan, U.S.2    Paschal, E.W.3
  • 10
    • 33846901637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The striking distance of lightning flashes and the early streamer emission (ESE) hypothesis
    • doi: 10.1016/J.ELSTAT.2006.09.006.
    • Cooray, V., and, N. Theethayi, (2007), The striking distance of lightning flashes and the early streamer emission (ESE) hypothesis, J. Electrostat., 65, 336-341, doi: 10.1016/J.ELSTAT.2006.09.006.
    • (2007) J. Electrostat. , vol.65 , pp. 336-341
    • Cooray, V.1    Theethayi, N.2
  • 11
    • 69649093347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of lightning location systems: History, techniques, and data uses, with and in-depth look at the U.S. NLDN
    • doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2023450.
    • Cummins, K. L., and, M. J. Murphy, (2009), An overview of lightning location systems: History, techniques, and data uses, with and in-depth look at the U.S. NLDN, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 51 (3), 499-518, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2023450.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 499-518
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Murphy, M.J.2
  • 12
    • 0032202479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The US national lightning detection networkTM and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by electric power utilities
    • doi: 10.1109/15.736207.
    • Cummins, K. L., E. P. Krider, and, M. D. Malone, (1998a), The US national lightning detection networkTM and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by electric power utilities, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 40 (4), 465-480, doi: 10.1109/15.736207.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 465-480
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Krider, E.P.2    Malone, M.D.3
  • 13
    • 0032571723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network
    • doi: 10.1029/98JD00153.
    • Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Bardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and, A. E. Pifer, (1998b), A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D8), 9035-9044, doi: 10.1029/98JD00153.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , Issue.D8 , pp. 9035-9044
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Murphy, M.J.2    Bardo, E.A.3    Hiscox, W.L.4    Pyle, R.B.5    Pifer, A.E.6
  • 14
    • 72549118290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the effect of land: Sea and other Earth surface discontinuities on LLS-inferred lightning parameters
    • in, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    • Cummins, K. L., J. A. Cramer, W. A. Brooks, and, E. P. Krider, (2005), On the effect of land:sea and other Earth surface discontinuities on LLS-inferred lightning parameters, in VIII International Symposium on Lightning Protection, pp. 106-111, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    • (2005) VIII International Symposium on Lightning Protection , pp. 106-111
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Cramer, J.A.2    Brooks, W.A.3    Krider, E.P.4
  • 15
    • 84880867161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location accuracy improvements using propagation corrections: A case study of the US National Lightning Detection Network
    • in, Vaisala, Inc. Tucson, AZ, available at
    • Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, J. A. Cramer, W. Scheftic, N. Demetriades, and, A. Nag, (2010), Location accuracy improvements using propagation corrections: A case study of the US National Lightning Detection Network, in 21st International Lightning Detection Conference, Vaisala, Inc., Tucson, AZ, available at: http://www.vaisala.com/en/events/ildcilmc/Pages/ILDC-2010-Archive. aspx.
    • (2010) 21st International Lightning Detection Conference
    • Cummins, K.L.1    Murphy, M.J.2    Cramer, J.A.3    Scheftic, W.4    Demetriades, N.5    Nag, A.6
  • 16
    • 0030216832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elves: Lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere
    • doi: 10.1029/96GL01979.
    • Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, M. Kubota, K. Sakanoi, U. S. Inan, and, W. A. Lyons, (1996), Elves: Lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2157-2160, doi: 10.1029/96GL01979.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 2157-2160
    • Fukunishi, H.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Kubota, M.3    Sakanoi, K.4    Inan, U.S.5    Lyons, W.A.6
  • 17
    • 0036190248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense oceanic lightning
    • doi: 10.5194/ANGEO-20-133-2002.
    • Füllekrug, M., C. Price, Y. Yair, and, E. R. Williams, (2002), Intense oceanic lightning, Ann. Geophys., 20, 133-137, doi: 10.5194/ANGEO-20- 133-2002.
    • (2002) Ann. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 133-137
    • Füllekrug, M.1    Price, C.2    Yair, Y.3    Williams, E.R.4
  • 18
    • 28144451537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths, injuries, and damages from lightning in the United States in the 1890s in comparison with the 1990s
    • doi: 10.1175/JAM2287.1.
    • Holle, R. L., R. E. Lõpez, and, B. C. Navarro, (2005), Deaths, injuries, and damages from lightning in the United States in the 1890s in comparison with the 1990s, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 1563-1573, doi: 10.1175/JAM2287.1.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.44 , pp. 1563-1573
    • Holle, R.L.1    Lõpez, R.E.2    Navarro, B.C.3
  • 19
    • 84989535715 scopus 로고
    • Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by lightning
    • doi: 10.1029/91GL00364.
    • Inan, U. S., T. F. Bell, and, J. V. Rodriguez, (1991), Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 705-708, doi: 10.1029/91GL00364.
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 705-708
    • Inan, U.S.1    Bell, T.F.2    Rodriguez, J.V.3
  • 20
    • 0031100872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as "elves"
    • doi: 10.1029/97GL00404.
    • Inan, U. S., C. Barrington-Leigh, S. Hansen, V. S. Glukhov, T. F. Bell, and, R. Rairden, (1997), Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as "elves", Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 583-586, doi: 10.1029/97GL00404.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 583-586
    • Inan, U.S.1    Barrington-Leigh, C.2    Hansen, S.3    Glukhov, V.S.4    Bell, T.F.5    Rairden, R.6
  • 21
    • 0022144687 scopus 로고
    • The P2 algorithm for dynamic calculation of quantiles and histograms without storing observations
    • Jain, R., and, I. Chlamtac, (1985), The P2 algorithm for dynamic calculation of quantiles and histograms without storing observations, Commun. ACM, 28, 1076-1085.
    • (1985) Commun. ACM , vol.28 , pp. 1076-1085
    • Jain, R.1    Chlamtac, I.2
  • 22
    • 28044464275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the performance characteristics of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network in Florida using rocket-triggered lightning
    • doi: 10.1029/2005JD005924.
    • Jerauld, J., V. A. Rakov, M. A. Uman, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, K. L. Cummins, and, J. A. Cramer, (2005), An evaluation of the performance characteristics of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network in Florida using rocket-triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19106, doi: 10.1029/2005JD005924.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Jerauld, J.1    Rakov, V.A.2    Uman, M.A.3    Rambo, K.J.4    Jordan, D.M.5    Cummins, K.L.6    Cramer, J.A.7
  • 23
    • 0030195418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location-centered mitigation of lightning-caused disturbances
    • doi: 10.1109/67.526852.
    • Kappenman, J., and, D. Van House, (1996), Location-centered mitigation of lightning-caused disturbances, IEEE Comput. Appl. Power, 9 (3), 36-40, doi: 10.1109/67.526852.
    • (1996) IEEE Comput. Appl. Power , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 36-40
    • Kappenman, J.1    Van House, D.2
  • 24
    • 77957366447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisacanin, B. S. S. Bhattacharya, and S. Chai (eds.), Springer-Verlag, London.
    • Kisacanin, B., S. S. Bhattacharya, and, S. Chai, (eds.) (2009), Embedded Computer Vision Springer-Verlag, London.
    • (2009) Embedded Computer Vision
  • 25
    • 0016929670 scopus 로고
    • A gated, wideband magnetic direction finder for lightning return strokes
    • Krider, E. P., R. C. Noggle, and, M. A. Uman, (1976), A gated, wideband magnetic direction finder for lightning return strokes, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 301-306.
    • (1976) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.15 , pp. 301-306
    • Krider, E.P.1    Noggle, R.C.2    Uman, M.A.3
  • 26
    • 0033233099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey: Interpolation methods in medical image processing
    • Lehmann, T. M., C. Gonner, and, K. Spitzer, (1999), Survey: Interpolation methods in medical image processing, IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 18, 1049-1075.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging , vol.18 , pp. 1049-1075
    • Lehmann, T.M.1    Gonner, C.2    Spitzer, K.3
  • 27
    • 0038088563 scopus 로고
    • Review of measurements of the RF spectrum of radiation from lightning
    • doi: 10.1007/BF01042441.
    • LeVine, D. M., (1987), Review of measurements of the RF spectrum of radiation from lightning, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 37, 195-204, doi: 10.1007/BF01042441.
    • (1987) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.37 , pp. 195-204
    • Levine, D.M.1
  • 28
    • 0032458687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes during the summer months in the contiguous United States
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2217:LPCCTG>2.0.CO;2.
    • Lyons, W. A., M. Uliasz, and, T. E. Nelson, (1998), Large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes during the summer months in the contiguous United States, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 2217-2233, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1998) 126<2217:LPCCTG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1998) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 2217-2233
    • Lyons, W.A.1    Uliasz, M.2    Nelson, T.E.3
  • 30
    • 23144435362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple pulses in dE/dt and the fine-structure of e during the onset of first return strokes in cloud-to-ocean lightning
    • doi: 10.1016/J.ATMOSRES.2004.11.038.
    • Murray, N. D., E. P. Krider, and, J. C. Willett, (2005), Multiple pulses in dE/dt and the fine-structure of E during the onset of first return strokes in cloud-to-ocean lightning, Atmos. Res., 76, 455-480, doi: 10.1016/J.ATMOSRES. 2004.11.038.
    • (2005) Atmos. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 455-480
    • Murray, N.D.1    Krider, E.P.2    Willett, J.C.3
  • 31
    • 79551618560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of U.S. National Lightning Detection Network performance characteristics using rocket-triggered lightning data acquired in 2004-2009
    • doi: 10.1029/2010JD014929.
    • Nag, A., et al. (2011), Evaluation of U.S. National Lightning Detection Network performance characteristics using rocket-triggered lightning data acquired in 2004-2009, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02123, doi: 10.1029/2010JD014929.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Nag, A.1
  • 33
    • 0035333064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN Results in the first decade, 1989-98
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1179:CTGLIT>2.0.CO;2.
    • Orville, R. E., and, G. R. Huffines, (2001), Cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States: NLDN Results in the first decade, 1989-98, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 1179-1193, doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1179:CTGLIT>2.0. CO;2.
    • (2001) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1179-1193
    • Orville, R.E.1    Huffines, G.R.2
  • 34
    • 0000862943 scopus 로고
    • Lightning leader characteristics in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP)
    • doi: 10.1029/JC087IC13P11177.
    • Orville, R. E., and, V. P. Idone, (1982), Lightning leader characteristics in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP), J. Geophys. Res., 87 (C13), 11,177-11,192, doi: 10.1029/JC087IC13P11177.
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , Issue.C13 , pp. 11
    • Orville, R.E.1    Idone, V.P.2
  • 35
    • 79958725791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN) - Analysis of flash data: 2001-09
    • doi: 10.1175/2010MWR3452.1.
    • Orville, R. E., G. R. Huffines, W. R. Burrows, and, K. L. Cummins, (2011), The North American Lightning Detection Network (NALDN)-Analysis of flash data: 2001-09, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 1305-1322, doi: 10.1175/2010MWR3452.1.
    • (2011) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.139 , pp. 1305-1322
    • Orville, R.E.1    Huffines, G.R.2    Burrows, W.R.3    Cummins, K.L.4
  • 36
    • 69649102584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning electromagnetic field coupling to overhead lines: Theory, numerical simulations, and experimental validation
    • doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2025958.
    • Paolone, M., F. Rachidi, A. Borghetti, C. Nucci, M. Rubinstein, V. Rakov, and, M. Uman, (2009), Lightning electromagnetic field coupling to overhead lines: Theory, numerical simulations, and experimental validation, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., 51 (3), 532-547, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2025958.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-547
    • Paolone, M.1    Rachidi, F.2    Borghetti, A.3    Nucci, C.4    Rubinstein, M.5    Rakov, V.6    Uman, M.7
  • 37
    • 84879007400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance characteristics of distinct lightning detection networks covering Belgium
    • doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00162.1.
    • Poelman, D. R., W. Schulz, and, C. Vergeiner, (2013), Performance characteristics of distinct lightning detection networks covering Belgium, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 30, 942-951, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12- 00162.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.30 , pp. 942-951
    • Poelman, D.R.1    Schulz, W.2    Vergeiner, C.3
  • 38
    • 84874361798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparison of GLD360 and EUCLID lightning location systems in Europe
    • doi: 10.1016/J.ATMOSRES.2012.10.019.
    • Pohjola, H., and, A. Mäkelä, (2013), The comparison of GLD360 and EUCLID lightning location systems in Europe, Atmos. Res., 123, 117-128, doi: 10.1016/J.ATMOSRES.2012.10.019.
    • (2013) Atmos. Res. , vol.123 , pp. 117-128
    • Pohjola, H.1    Mäkelä, A.2
  • 39
    • 0000692446 scopus 로고
    • The ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms
    • doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0545:TROCTC>2.0.CO;2.
    • Prentice, S. A., and, D. MacKerras, (1977), The ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms, J. Appl. Meteorol., 16, 545-550, doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0545:TROCTC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1977) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.16 , pp. 545-550
    • Prentice, S.A.1    MacKerras, D.2
  • 41
    • 78649921525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range lightning geolocation using a VLF radio atmospheric waveform bank
    • doi: 10.1029/2010JD013863.
    • Said, R. K., U. S. Inan, and, K. L. Cummins, (2010), Long-range lightning geolocation using a VLF radio atmospheric waveform bank, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23108, doi: 10.1029/2010JD013863.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Said, R.K.1    Inan, U.S.2    Cummins, K.L.3
  • 42
    • 77954481276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Return stroke peak current versus charge transfer in rocket-triggered lightning
    • doi: 10.1029/2009JD013066.
    • Schoene, J., M. A. Uman, and, V. A. Rakov, (2010), Return stroke peak current versus charge transfer in rocket-triggered lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D12107, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013066.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Schoene, J.1    Uman, M.A.2    Rakov, V.A.3
  • 43
    • 73149112393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting multiple ground contacts in cloud-to-ground lightning flashes
    • doi: 10.1175/2009JTECHA1278.1.
    • Stall, C. A., K. L. Cummins, E. P. Krider, and, J. A. Cramer, (2009), Detecting multiple ground contacts in cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 26, 2392-2402, doi: 10.1175/2009JTECHA1278.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.26 , pp. 2392-2402
    • Stall, C.A.1    Cummins, K.L.2    Krider, E.P.3    Cramer, J.A.4
  • 44
    • 80052391962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing empirical lightning cessation forecast guidance for the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center
    • doi: 10.1029/2009JD013034.
    • Stano, G. T., H. E. Fuelberg, and, W. P. Roeder, (2010), Developing empirical lightning cessation forecast guidance for the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D09205, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013034.
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Stano, G.T.1    Fuelberg, H.E.2    Roeder, W.P.3
  • 45
    • 0027832590 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lightning return-stroke models
    • doi: 10.1029/93JD02185.
    • Thottappillil, R., and, M. A. Uman, (1993), Comparison of lightning return-stroke models, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,903-22,914, doi: 10.1029/93JD02185.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 22
    • Thottappillil, R.1    Uman, M.A.2
  • 46
    • 0028552027 scopus 로고
    • Effect of surface conductivity on the peak magnetic field radiated by first return strokes in cloud-to-ground lightning
    • Tyahla, L. J., and, R. E. Lopez, (1994), Effect of surface conductivity on the peak magnetic field radiated by first return strokes in cloud-to-ground lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,517-10,525.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 10
    • Tyahla, L.J.1    Lopez, R.E.2
  • 47
    • 49749123268 scopus 로고
    • A review of natural lightning: Experimental data and modeling
    • doi: 10.1109/TEMC.1982.304006.
    • Uman, M., and, E. Krider, (1982), A review of natural lightning: Experimental data and modeling, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., EMC-24 (2), 79-112, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.1982.304006.
    • (1982) IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-112
    • Uman, M.1    Krider, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.