메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 175-185

Intracranial arterial stenoses: Current viewpoints, novel approaches, and surgical perspectives

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis; Indirect revascularization; Intracranial arterial stenosis; Ischemia; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CLOPIDOGREL; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT;

EID: 84880716074     PISSN: 03445607     EISSN: 14372320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-012-0432-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0029128724 scopus 로고
    • Pial synangiosis for moyamoya syndrome in children
    • 7495663 10.1159/000120932 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FnvFekug%3D%3D
    • Adelson PD, Scott RM (1995) Pial synangiosis for moyamoya syndrome in children. Pediatr Neurosurg 23(1):26-33
    • (1995) Pediatr Neurosurg , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-33
    • Adelson, P.D.1    Scott, R.M.2
  • 2
    • 20444410006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography to stratify stroke risk in symptomatic vertebrobasilar disease
    • 15890993 10.1161/01.STR.0000166195.63276.7c
    • Amin-Hanjani S, Du X, Zhao M, Walsh K, Malisch TW, Charbel FT (2005) Use of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography to stratify stroke risk in symptomatic vertebrobasilar disease. Stroke 36(6):1140
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1140
    • Amin-Hanjani, S.1    Du, X.2    Zhao, M.3    Walsh, K.4    Malisch, T.W.5    Charbel, F.T.6
  • 4
    • 33644815359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic mechanisms in intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis: Advances and challenges
    • 16327256 10.1159/000089359
    • Arenillas JF, Alvarez-Sabin J (2005) Basic mechanisms in intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis: advances and challenges. Cerebrovasc Dis 20(2):75-83
    • (2005) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-83
    • Arenillas, J.F.1    Alvarez-Sabin, J.2
  • 5
    • 0141819133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein predicts further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease
    • 14500938 10.1161/01.STR.0000089920.93927.A7 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXns1Chsbk%3D
    • Arenillas JF, Alvarez-Sabin J, Molina CA, Chacon P, Montaner J, Rovira A, Ibarra B, Quintana M (2003) C-reactive protein predicts further ischemic events in first-ever transient ischemic attack or stroke patients with intracranial large-artery occlusive disease. Stroke 34(10):2463
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2463
    • Arenillas, J.F.1    Alvarez-Sabin, J.2    Molina, C.A.3    Chacon, P.4    Montaner, J.5    Rovira, A.6    Ibarra, B.7    Quintana, M.8
  • 7
    • 0021358156 scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracranial stenotic lesions after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery
    • 6707746 10.3171/jns.1984.60.4.0771 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7msVSqtQ%3D%3D
    • Awad I, Furlan AJ, Little JR (1984) Changes in intracranial stenotic lesions after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. J Neurosurg 60(4):771-776
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 771-776
    • Awad, I.1    Furlan, A.J.2    Little, J.R.3
  • 8
    • 0009614134 scopus 로고
    • The geographic pathology of atherosclerosis: A review of the literature with some personal observations on cerebral atherosclerosis
    • 10.1016/0021-9681(67)90066-5
    • Baker A, Flora G, Resch J, Loewenson R (1967) The geographic pathology of atherosclerosis: a review of the literature with some personal observations on cerebral atherosclerosis. Journal of Chronic Diseases 20(9):685-706
    • (1967) Journal of Chronic Diseases , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 685-706
    • Baker, A.1    Flora, G.2    Resch, J.3    Loewenson, R.4
  • 9
    • 0031788912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired clearance of emboli (washout) is an important link between hypoperfusion, embolism, and ischemic stroke
    • 9823834 10.1001/archneur.55.11.1475 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FjvFCnsg%3D%3D
    • Caplan LR, Hennerici M (1998) Impaired clearance of emboli (washout) is an important link between hypoperfusion, embolism, and ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol 55(11):1475
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.11 , pp. 1475
    • Caplan, L.R.1    Hennerici, M.2
  • 10
    • 0035047885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plaque progression
    • 11283668 10.1038/86490 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1yls70%3D
    • Celletti FL, Waugh JM, Amabile PG, Brendolan A, Hilfiker PR, Dake MD (2001) Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plaque progression. Nature medicine 7(4):425-429
    • (2001) Nature Medicine , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-429
    • Celletti, F.L.1    Waugh, J.M.2    Amabile, P.G.3    Brendolan, A.4    Hilfiker, P.R.5    Dake, M.D.6
  • 11
    • 80052834654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis
    • 21899409 10.1056/NEJMoa1105335 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtF2msL%2FF
    • Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, Turan TN, Fiorella D, Lane BF et al (2011) Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med 365(11):993-1003
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , Issue.11 , pp. 993-1003
    • Chimowitz, M.I.1    Lynn, M.J.2    Derdeyn, C.P.3    Turan, T.N.4    Fiorella, D.5    Lane, B.F.6
  • 13
    • 79959936182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial
    • 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.001 21729789 10.1016/j. jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.001
    • Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Turan TN, Fiorella D, Lane BF, Janis S et al (2011) Design of the stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 20(4):357-368. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.001
    • (2011) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 357-368
    • Chimowitz, M.I.1    Lynn, M.J.2    Turan, T.N.3    Fiorella, D.4    Lane, B.F.5    Janis, S.6
  • 14
    • 74249091911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiographic pattern of symptomatic severe M1 stenosis: Comparison with presenting symptoms, infarct patterns, perfusion status, and outcome after recanalization
    • 20090322 10.1159/000275508
    • Choi JW, Kim JK, Choi BS, Lim HK, Kim SJ, Kim JS, Suh DC (2010) Angiographic pattern of symptomatic severe M1 stenosis: comparison with presenting symptoms, infarct patterns, perfusion status, and outcome after recanalization. Cerebrovasc Dis 29(3):297-303
    • (2010) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-303
    • Choi, J.W.1    Kim, J.K.2    Choi, B.S.3    Lim, H.K.4    Kim, S.J.5    Kim, J.S.6    Suh, D.C.7
  • 15
    • 0025971131 scopus 로고
    • Development of collaterals in the cerebral circulation
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7lvFKltA%3D%3D
    • Coyle P, Heistad D (1991) Development of collaterals in the cerebral circulation. J Vasc Res 28(1-3):183-189
    • (1991) J Vasc Res , vol.28 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 183-189
    • Coyle, P.1    Heistad, D.2
  • 16
    • 34548442021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of ischemic stroke secondary to large artery atherosclerotic disease
    • 17826633 10.1016/j.nic.2007.03.001
    • Derdeyn CP (2007) Mechanisms of ischemic stroke secondary to large artery atherosclerotic disease. Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 17(3):303-311
    • (2007) Neuroimaging Clinics of North America , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-311
    • Derdeyn, C.P.1
  • 17
    • 78650873759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and angiographic outcomes from indirect revascularization surgery for Moyamoya disease in adults and children: A review of 63 procedures
    • 21150753 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3181fc5ec2 discussion 43
    • Dusick J, Gonzalez NR, Martin NA (2011) Clinical and angiographic outcomes from indirect revascularization surgery for Moyamoya disease in adults and children: a review of 63 procedures. Neurosurgery 68(1):34-43, discussion 43
    • (2011) Neurosurgery , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-43
    • Dusick, J.1    Gonzalez, N.R.2    Martin, N.A.3
  • 18
    • 0037783994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial large vessel occlusive disease: The role of diabetes
    • 12889168
    • Elmore EM, Mosquera A, Weinberger J (2003) The prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial large vessel occlusive disease: the role of diabetes. J Neuroimaging 13(3):224-227
    • (2003) J Neuroimaging , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 224-227
    • Elmore, E.M.1    Mosquera, A.2    Weinberger, J.3
  • 19
    • 66849143868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis
    • 19407228 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.546150
    • Famakin BM, Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Stern BJ, George MG (2009) Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke 40(6):1999-2003
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1999-2003
    • Famakin, B.M.1    Chimowitz, M.I.2    Lynn, M.J.3    Stern, B.J.4    George, M.G.5
  • 20
    • 24944513945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque: Part I: Evolving concepts
    • 16168274 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.074
    • Fuster V, Moreno PR, Fayad ZA, Corti R, Badimon JJ (2005) Atherothrombosis and high-risk plaque: part I: evolving concepts. J Am Coll Cardiol 46(6):937-954
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 937-954
    • Fuster, V.1    Moreno, P.R.2    Fayad, Z.A.3    Corti, R.4    Badimon, J.J.5
  • 21
    • 33748776056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
    • 17000207 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.031 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpvFemtrk%3D
    • Galassi A, Reynolds K, He J (2006) Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 119(10):812-819
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , Issue.10 , pp. 812-819
    • Galassi, A.1    Reynolds, K.2    He, J.3
  • 22
    • 0034020013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elective stenting of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis
    • 10815680 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ntlWjsA%3D%3D
    • Gomez CR, Misra VK, Campbell MS, Soto RD (2000) Elective stenting of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Am J Neuroradiol 21(5):971
    • (2000) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 971
    • Gomez, C.R.1    Misra, V.K.2    Campbell, M.S.3    Soto, R.D.4
  • 24
    • 0022359427 scopus 로고
    • Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group
    • Investigator E-IB 10.1056/NEJM198511073131904
    • Investigator E-IB (1985) Failure of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. Results of an international randomized trial. The EC/IC Bypass Study Group. N Engl J Med 313(19):1191-1200
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , Issue.19 , pp. 1191-1200
  • 26
    • 32944454822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stent-assisted angioplasty of symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar artery stenosis: Feasibility and follow-up results
    • 15956503
    • Kim DJ, Lee BH, Kim DI, Shim WH, Jeon P, Lee TH (2005) Stent-assisted angioplasty of symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar artery stenosis: feasibility and follow-up results. Am J Neuroradiol 26(6):1381
    • (2005) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 1381
    • Kim, D.J.1    Lee, B.H.2    Kim, D.I.3    Shim, W.H.4    Jeon, P.5    Lee, T.H.6
  • 27
    • 66849084291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of indirect extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atheroocclusive disease
    • 19199456 10.3171/2008.9.JNS17658
    • Komotar RJ, Starke RM, Otten ML, Merkow MB, Garrett MC, Marshall RS, Elkind MS, Connolly ES (2009) The role of indirect extracranial-intracranial bypass in the treatment of symptomatic intracranial atheroocclusive disease. J Neurosurg 110(5):896-904
    • (2009) J Neurosurg , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 896-904
    • Komotar, R.J.1    Starke, R.M.2    Otten, M.L.3    Merkow, M.B.4    Garrett, M.C.5    Marshall, R.S.6    Elkind, M.S.7    Connolly, E.S.8
  • 28
    • 0030710135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological studies on spontaneous vault moyamoya and revascularized collaterals formed by encephalomyosynangiosis
    • 10.1016/S0303-8467(97)00045-0
    • Kono S, Oka K, Sueishi K, Sonobe M (1997) Histopathological studies on spontaneous vault moyamoya and revascularized collaterals formed by encephalomyosynangiosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 99:S204-S207
    • (1997) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.99
    • Kono, S.1    Oka, K.2    Sueishi, K.3    Sonobe, M.4
  • 29
    • 33644700189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesion patterns and stroke mechanism in atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery disease: Early diffusion-weighted imaging study
    • 16269637 10.1161/01.STR.0000189999.19948.14
    • Lee DK, Kim JS, Kwon SU, Yoo SH, Kang DW (2005) Lesion patterns and stroke mechanism in atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery disease: early diffusion-weighted imaging study. Stroke 36(12):2583
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 2583
    • Lee, D.K.1    Kim, J.S.2    Kwon, S.U.3    Yoo, S.H.4    Kang, D.W.5
  • 30
    • 0042919302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collateral circulation
    • 12881609 10.1161/01.STR.0000086465.41263.06
    • Liebeskind DS (2003) Collateral circulation. Stroke 34(9):2279-2284
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 2279-2284
    • Liebeskind, D.S.1
  • 31
  • 33
    • 0034779531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with increased numbers of macrophages: The clean-up hypothesis
    • 11598500 10.1097/00004647-200110000-00011 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3Mrltlajsg%3D%3D
    • Manoonkitiwongsa PS, Jackson-Friedman C, McMillan PJ, Schultz RL, Lyden PD (2001) Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with increased numbers of macrophages: the clean-up hypothesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 21(10):1223-1231
    • (2001) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1223-1231
    • Manoonkitiwongsa, P.S.1    Jackson-Friedman, C.2    McMillan, P.J.3    Schultz, R.L.4    Lyden, P.D.5
  • 35
    • 0008790230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple combined indirect procedure for the surgical treatment of children with moyamoya disease. A comparison with single indirect anastomosis with direct anastomosis
    • 10.3171/foc.1998.5.5.7
    • Matsushima T, Inoue T, Ikezaki K, Matsukado K, Natori Y, Inamura T, Fukui M (1998) Multiple combined indirect procedure for the surgical treatment of children with moyamoya disease. A comparison with single indirect anastomosis with direct anastomosis. Neurosurg Focus 5(5):6
    • (1998) Neurosurg Focus , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 6
    • Matsushima, T.1    Inoue, T.2    Ikezaki, K.3    Matsukado, K.4    Natori, Y.5    Inamura, T.6    Fukui, M.7
  • 36
    • 0000465439 scopus 로고
    • The cerebral collateral circulation. I. Factors influencing collateral blood flow
    • 13451874 10.1212/WNL.7.7.447 1:STN:280:DyaG2s%2FpvVKnuw%3D%3D
    • Meyer JS, Denny-Brown D (1957) The cerebral collateral circulation. I. Factors influencing collateral blood flow. Neurology 7(7):447
    • (1957) Neurology , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 447
    • Meyer, J.S.1    Denny-Brown, D.2
  • 37
    • 67649088471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of encephalomyosynangiosis using gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: Histopathological evaluation of dynamic reconstruction of vessels for functional anastomosis
    • 19485733 10.3171/2008.6.PEDS0834
    • Nakamura M, Imai H, Konno K, Kubota C, Seki K, Puentes S, Faried A, Yokoo H, Hata H, Yoshimoto Y (2009) Experimental investigation of encephalomyosynangiosis using gyrencephalic brain of the miniature pig: histopathological evaluation of dynamic reconstruction of vessels for functional anastomosis. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 3(6):488-495
    • (2009) Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 488-495
    • Nakamura, M.1    Imai, H.2    Konno, K.3    Kubota, C.4    Seki, K.5    Puentes, S.6    Faried, A.7    Yokoo, H.8    Hata, H.9    Yoshimoto, Y.10
  • 41
    • 0024160877 scopus 로고
    • Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease
    • 3056758 10.2337/diabetes.37.12.1595 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2Flt12msQ%3D%3D
    • Reaven GM (1988) Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37(12):1595
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1595
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 42
    • 3843074133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis in human cerebral ischemia]
    • 15202088 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2czgtVKisw%3D%3D
    • Rosell-Novel A, Montaner J, Alvarez-SabÌn J (2004) Angiogenesis in human cerebral ischemia]. Rev Neurol 38(11):1076
    • (2004) Rev Neurol , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1076
    • Rosell-Novel, A.1    Montaner, J.2    Alvarez-Sabìn, J.3
  • 43
    • 0033552883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis ‚Äî An Inflammatory Disease
    • 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207 9887164 10.1056/NEJM199901143400207 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FptFSqtQ%3D%3D
    • Ross R (1999) Atherosclerosis ‚Äî An Inflammatory Disease. N Engl J Med 340(2):115-126. doi: 10.1056/ NEJM199901143400207
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-126
    • Ross, R.1
  • 44
    • 0028919258 scopus 로고
    • Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study
    • 7839388 10.1161/01.STR.26.1.14 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7ktFehtg%3D%3D
    • Sacco RL, Kargman D, Gu Q, Zamanillo M (1995) Race-ethnicity and determinants of intracranial atherosclerotic cerebral infarction: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke 26(1):14-20
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-20
    • Sacco, R.L.1    Kargman, D.2    Gu, Q.3    Zamanillo, M.4
  • 46
    • 80755153587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipokines and stroke: A review of the literature
    • 21958940 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.09.002 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVagsr3P
    • Savopoulos C, Michalakis K, Apostolopoulou M, Miras A, Hatzitolios A (2011) Adipokines and stroke: A review of the literature. Maturitas 70(4):322-327
    • (2011) Maturitas , vol.70 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-327
    • Savopoulos, C.1    Michalakis, K.2    Apostolopoulou, M.3    Miras, A.4    Hatzitolios, A.5
  • 48
    • 0025820340 scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein(a) and atherosclerosis
    • 1829339 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3ot1aitg%3D%3D
    • Scanu AM, Lawn RM, Berg K (1991) Lipoprotein(a) and atherosclerosis. Ann Intern Med 115(3):209
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.115 , Issue.3 , pp. 209
    • Scanu, A.M.1    Lawn, R.M.2    Berg, K.3
  • 49
    • 67650082746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous occurrence and interaction of hypoperfusion and embolism in a patient with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis
    • 19498193 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.549378
    • Schreiber S, Serdaroglu M, Schreiber F, Skalej M, Heinze HJ, Goertler M (2009) Simultaneous occurrence and interaction of hypoperfusion and embolism in a patient with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis. Stroke 40(7):e478-e480
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.7
    • Schreiber, S.1    Serdaroglu, M.2    Schreiber, F.3    Skalej, M.4    Heinze, H.J.5    Goertler, M.6
  • 50
    • 0942290728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis
    • 10.3171/ped.2004.100.2.0142 14758941
    • Scott RM, Smith JL, Robertson RL, Madsen JR, Soriano SG, Rockoff MA (2004) Long-term outcome in children with moyamoya syndrome after cranial revascularization by pial synangiosis. J Neurosurg 100(2 Suppl Pediatrics):142-149. doi: 10.3171/ped.2004.100.2.0142
    • (2004) J Neurosurg , vol.100 , Issue.2 SUPPL. PEDIATRICS , pp. 142-149
    • Scott, R.M.1    Smith, J.L.2    Robertson, R.L.3    Madsen, J.R.4    Soriano, S.G.5    Rockoff, M.A.6
  • 51
    • 70349754169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal surgical treatment for moyamoya disease in adults: Direct versus indirect bypass
    • 10.3171/2009.01.FOCUS08309 19335134 10.3171/2009.01.FOCUS08309
    • Starke RM, Komotar RJ, Connolly ES (2009) Optimal surgical treatment for moyamoya disease in adults: direct versus indirect bypass. Neurosurg Focus 26(4):E8. doi: 10.3171/2009.01.FOCUS08309
    • (2009) Neurosurg Focus , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 8
    • Starke, R.M.1    Komotar, R.J.2    Connolly, E.S.3
  • 52
    • 0019176566 scopus 로고
    • Transluminal angioplasty for atherosclerosis disease of the vertebral and basilar arteries
    • 7442321
    • Sundt TM, Smith H, Campbell J, Vlietstra R, Cucchiara R, Stanson A (1980) Transluminal angioplasty for atherosclerosis disease of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Mayo Clin Proc 55:673-680
    • (1980) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.55 , pp. 673-680
    • Sundt, T.M.1    Smith, H.2    Campbell, J.3    Vlietstra, R.4    Cucchiara, R.5    Stanson, A.6
  • 53
    • 53049093623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in asymptomatic intra-and extracranial large artery diseases
    • 18836266 10.1159/000160212 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlCjtr%2FL
    • Takahashi W, Ohnuki T, Ohnuki Y, Kawada S, Takagi S (2008) The role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in asymptomatic intra-and extracranial large artery diseases. Cerebrovasc Dis 26(5):549-555
    • (2008) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 549-555
    • Takahashi, W.1    Ohnuki, T.2    Ohnuki, Y.3    Kawada, S.4    Takagi, S.5
  • 54
    • 34347347219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in outcomes among patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis
    • 17540969 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.482240
    • Williams JE, Chimowitz MI, Cotsonis GA, Lynn MJ, Waddy SP (2007) Gender differences in outcomes among patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke 38(7):2055-2062
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 2055-2062
    • Williams, J.E.1    Chimowitz, M.I.2    Cotsonis, G.A.3    Lynn, M.J.4    Waddy, S.P.5
  • 55
    • 0029803714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and sex differences in the distribution of cerebral atherosclerosis
    • 8898801 10.1161/01.STR.27.11.1974 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FlsVGjtg%3D%3D
    • Wityk R, Lehman D, Klag M, Coresh J, Ahn H, Litt B (1996) Race and sex differences in the distribution of cerebral atherosclerosis. Stroke 27(11):1974
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 1974
    • Wityk, R.1    Lehman, D.2    Klag, M.3    Coresh, J.4    Ahn, H.5    Litt, B.6
  • 56
    • 77950627212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for reducing embolisation in patients with acute symptomatic cerebral or carotid artery stenosis (CLAIR study): A randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial
    • 20335070 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70060-0 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntlOmsb8%3D
    • Wong KSL, Chen C, Fu J, Chang HM, Suwanwela NC, Huang YN, Han Z, Tan KS, Ratanakorn D, Chollate P (2010) Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for reducing embolisation in patients with acute symptomatic cerebral or carotid artery stenosis (CLAIR study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint trial. Lancet Neurol 9(5):489-497
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 489-497
    • Wong, K.S.L.1    Chen, C.2    Fu, J.3    Chang, H.M.4    Suwanwela, N.C.5    Huang, Y.N.6    Han, Z.7    Tan, K.S.8    Ratanakorn, D.9    Chollate, P.10
  • 57
    • 0033375230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of increased oxygen extraction fraction in five-year prognosis of major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases
    • 10616876 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FotlWltA%3D%3D
    • Yamauchi H, Fukuyama H, Nagahama Y, Nabatame H, Ueno M, Nishizawa S, Konishi J, Shio H (1999) Significance of increased oxygen extraction fraction in five-year prognosis of major cerebral arterial occlusive diseases. J Nucl Med 40(12):1992
    • (1999) J Nucl Med , vol.40 , Issue.12 , pp. 1992
    • Yamauchi, H.1    Fukuyama, H.2    Nagahama, Y.3    Nabatame, H.4    Ueno, M.5    Nishizawa, S.6    Konishi, J.7    Shio, H.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.