Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis

Stroke

Volumn 40, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1999-2003

  Famakin, Bolanle M ^a,e   Chimowitz, Marc I ^a,d   Lynn, Michael J ^b   Stern, Barney J ^a,c   George, Mary G ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^e NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute stroke; Intracranial stenosis; Lacunar infarcts; Severity; WASID

Indexed keywords

ARTERY DISEASE; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DISABILITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BIOASSAY; BRAIN ARTERY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; EMBOLISM; MULTICENTER STUDY; PATHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; STENOSIS, OCCLUSION AND OBSTRUCTION; STENT; STROKE;

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; WARFARIN;

ANTICOAGULANTS; ASPIRIN; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL ARTERIES; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CONSTRICTION, PATHOLOGIC; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EMBOLISM; ENDPOINT DETERMINATION; HUMANS; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; RECURRENCE; STENTS; STROKE; WARFARIN;

EID: 66849143868     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.546150     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. 1. Barnett HJ, Gunton RW, Eliasziw M, Fleming L, Sharpe B, Gates P, Meldrum H. Causes and severity of ischemic stroke in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. JAMA. 2000;283:1429-1436.
2. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation study. Final results. Circulation. 1991;84:527-539.
3. Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II study. Lancet. 1994;343:687-691.
4. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus low-intensity, fixed-dose warfarin plus aspirin for high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 1996;348: 633-638.
5. Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H, Stern BJ, Hertzberg VS, Frankel MR, Levine SR, Chaturvedi S, Kasner SE, Benesch CG, Sila CA, Jovin TG, Romano JG. Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Trial I. Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1305-1316.
6. Chimowitz MI, Kokkinos J, Strong J, Brown MB, Levine SR, Silliman S, Pessin MS, Weichel E, Sila CA, Furlan AJ, et al. The Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Study. Neurology. 1995;45: 1488 -1493.
7. Mazighi M, Tanasescu R, Ducrocq X, Vicaut E, Bracard S, Houdart E, Woimant F. Prospective study of symptomatic atherothrombotic intracranial stenoses: The GESICA study. Neurology. 2006;66:1187-1191.
8. Landi G, Cella E, Boccardi E, Musicco M. Lacunar versus non-lacunar infarcts: Pathogenetic and prognostic differences. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. 1992;55:441-445.
9. Lovett JK, Coull AJ, Rothwell PM. Early risk of recurrence by subtype of ischemic stroke in population-based incidence studies. Neurology. 2004; 62:569 -573.
10. Norrving B. Long-term prognosis after lacunar infarction. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:238-245.
11. Petty GW, Brown RD Jr, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O'Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study of functional outcome, survival, and recurrence. Stroke 2000;31:1062-1068.
12. Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Weber M, Gefeller O, Neundoerfer B, Heus- chmann PU. Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: Incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: A population-based study. Stroke 2001;32: 2735-2740.
13. Derdeyn CP, Chimowitz MI. Angioplasty and stenting for atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis: Rationale for a randomized clinical trial. Neuroimag Clin North Am. 2006;17:355-363.
14. Samuels OB, Joseph GJ, Lynn MJ, Smith HA, Chimowitz MI. A standardized method for measuring intracranial arterial stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:643-646.
15. Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Trial I. Design, progress and challenges of a double-blind trial of warfarin versus aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. Neuroepidemiology. 2003; 22:106-117.
16. Barnett HJM, Taylor DW, Eliasziw M, Fox AJ, Ferguson GG, Haynes RB, Rankin RN, Clagett GP, Hachinski VC, Sackett DL, Thorpe KE, Math M, Meldrum HE, Spence JD, for The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1415-1425.
17. Shin DH, Lee PH, Bang OY. Mechanisms of recurrence in subtypes of ischemic stroke: A hospital-based follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2005; 62:1232-1237.
18. Kern R, Steinke W, Daffertshofer M, Prager R, Hennerici M. Stroke recurrences in patients with symptomatic vs asymptomatic middle cerebral artery disease. Neurology. 2005;65:859-864.
19. Yamamoto H, Bogousslavsky J. Mechanisms of second and further strokes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych. 1998;64:771-776.
20. Nahab F Cotsonis G. Lynn M. Feldmann E. Chaturvedi S. Hemphill JC. Zweifler R. Johnston K. Bonovich D. Kasner S. Chimowitz M. WASID Study Group. Prevalence and prognosis of coexistent asymptomatic intracranial stenosis. Stroke 2008;39:1039-1041.
21. Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, Kasner SE, Romano J, Cotsonis G, Frankel M, Chimowitz MI, for the WASID Study Group. Risk factor status and vascular events in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Neurology. 2007;69:2063-2068.
22. Ovbiagele B, Saver JL, Lynn MJ, Chimowitz M, Group WS. Impact of metabolic syndrome on prognosis of symptomatic intracranial atherostenosis. Neurology. 2006;66:1344-1349.