Central line-associated bloodstream infection in children: An update on treatment

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 32, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 905-910

  Wolf, Joshua ^a,b   Curtis, Nigel ^b,c,d   Worth, Leon J ^e,f   Flynn, Patricia M ^a  

^a ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c ROYAL CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^e Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS) Coordinating Centre   (Australia)

^f PETER MACCALLUM CANCER CENTRE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CARBAPENEM; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; HEPARIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; RIFAMPICIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL CLEARANCE; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; BLOOD CLOTTING; BLOOD CULTURE; BRAIN ABSCESS; CANDIDA; CANDIDEMIA; CANDIDIASIS; CATHETER INFECTION; CATHETER OCCLUSION; CATHETER REMOVAL; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DOUBLE LUMEN CATHETER; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HUMAN; KLEBSIELLA; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; LIVER ABSCESS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; OSTEOMYELITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; SPLEEN ABSCESS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADOLESCENT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; BACTEREMIA; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; CATHETERIZATION, CENTRAL VENOUS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN;

EID: 84880627530     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182996b6e     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Bartram JL, O'Driscoll S, Kulasekararaj AG, et al. Portacaths are safe for long-term regular blood transfusion in children with sickle cell anaemia. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96:1082-1084.
2. Mouw E, Chessman K, Lesher A, et al. Use of an ethanol lock to prevent catheter-related infections in children with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1025-1029.
3. Raad I, Costerton W, Sabharwal U, et al. Ultrastructural analysis of indwelling vascular catheters: a quantitative relationship between luminal colonization and duration of placement. J Infect Dis. 1993;168:400-407.
4. Adler A, Yaniv I, Solter E, et al. Catheterassociated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients: factors associated with catheter removal and recurrence. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;28:23-28.
5. Biwersi C, Hepping N, Bode U, et al. Bloodstream infections in a German paediatric oncology unit: prolongation of inpatient treatment and additional costs. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2009;212: 541-546.
6. Handrup MM, Moller JK, Schroder H. Central venous catheters and catheter locks in children with cancer: A prospective randomized trial of taurolidine versus heparin. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013.
7. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, et al.; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(4 Suppl 1):S1-34.
8. O'Horo JC, Silva GL, Safdar N. Anti-infective locks for treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2011;34:415-422
9. Wolf J, Shenep JL, Clifford V, et al. Ethanol lock therapy in pediatric hematology and oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:18-25.
10. Flynn PM, Willis B, Gaur AH, et al. Catheter design influences recurrence of catheter-related bloodstream infection in children with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3520-3525.
11. Gaur AH, Flynn PM, Giannini MA, et al. Difference in time to detection: a simple method to differentiate catheter-related from non-catheter-related bloodstream infection in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:469-475.
12. Gaur AH, Flynn PM, Heine DJ, et al. Diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections among pediatric oncology patients lacking a peripheral culture, using differential time to detection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:445-449.
13. Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49: 1-45.
14. Aly AM, Simpson PM, Humes RA. The role of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:950-954.
15. Miceli MH, Jones Jackson LB, Walker RC, et al. Diagnosis of infection of implantable central venous catheters by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Commun. 2004;25:813-818.
16. Raad I, Davis S, Khan A, et al. Impact of central venous catheter removal on the recurrence of catheter-related coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1992;13:215-221.
17. Chang CY, Tsay RW, Lin LC, et al. Venous catheter-associated bacteremia caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria at a medical center in central Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2009;42:343-350.
18. Allen RC, Holdsworth MT, Johnson CA, et al. Risk determinants for catheter-associated blood stream infections in children and young adults with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;51:53-58.
19. Chaftari AM, Kassis C, El Issa H, et al. Novel approach using antimicrobial catheters to improve the management of central line-associated bloodstream infections in cancer patients. Cancer. 2010.
20. Zaoutis T. Candidemia in children. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26:1761-1768
21. Wilcox MH, Tack KJ, Bouza E, et al. Complicated skin and skin-structure infections and catheterrelated bloodstream infections: noninferiority of linezolid in a phase 3 study. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:203-212.
22. Rijnders BJ, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandecasteele SJ, et al. Treatment of long-term intravascular catheter-related bacteraemia with antibiotic lock: randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;55:90-94.
23. Shenep LE, Shenep MA, Cheatham W, et al. Efficacy of intravascular catheter lock solutions containing preservatives in the prevention of microbial colonization. J Hosp Infect. 2011;79:317-322.
24. Dannenberg C, Bierbach U, Rothe A, et al. Ethanol-lock technique in the treatment of bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology patients with broviac catheter. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003;25:616-621.
25. Blackwood RA, Klein KC, Micel LN, et al. Ethanol locks therapy for resolution of fungal catheter infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:1105-1107.
26. Slobbe L, Doorduijn JK, Lugtenburg PJ, et al. Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia with a daily ethanol lock in patients with tunnelled catheters: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One. 2010;5:e10840.
27. Larsen LN, Malchau E, Kristensen B, et al. Hydrochloric acid treatment of tunneled central venous catheter infections in children with cancer. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011;33:e64-e68.
28. Madsen M, Rosthøj S. Impact of hydrochloric acid instillation on salvage of infected central venous catheters in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2013;45:38-44.
29. Crowley AL, Peterson GE, Benjamin DK Jr, et al. Venous thrombosis in patients with short-and long-term central venous catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:385-390.
30. Picardi M, Pagliuca S, Chiurazzi F, et al. Early ultrasonographic finding of septic thrombophlebitis is the main indicator of central venous catheter removal to reduce infectionrelated mortality in neutropenic patients with bloodstream infection. Ann Oncol. 2012;23: 2122-2128.
31. Valente AM, Jain R, Scheurer M, et al. Frequency of infective endocarditis among infants and children with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e15-e19.
32. Lynch AS, Abbanat D. New antibiotic agents and approaches to treat biofilm-associated infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2010;20:1373-1387.