The Pacific Meridional Mode as a trigger for ENSO in a high-resolution coupled model

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 40, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 3189-3194

  Larson, Sarah ^a   Kirtman, Ben ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

ENSO; ENSO precursors; Pacific Meridional Mode

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION ANALYSIS; ENSO; ENSO PRECURSORS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PACIFIC MERIDIONAL MODE; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS;

CLIMATOLOGY; WIND STRESS;

TROPICS;

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLING; CLIMATE VARIATION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; WESTERLY;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (TROPICAL); PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 84880540475     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: 19448007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/grl.50571     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Alexander, M. A., et al. (2008), Forecasting Pacific SSTs: Linear inverse model predictions of the PDO, J. Climate, 21 (2), 385-402.
2. Blanke, B., J. D. Neelin, and, D. Gutzler, (1997), Estimating the effect of stochastic wind stress forcing on ENSO irregularity, J. Clim., 10, 1473-1486.
3. Chang, P., L. Zhang, R. Saravanan, D. J. Vimont, J. C. H. Chiang, L. Ji, H. Seidel, and, M. K. Tippett, (2007), Pacific meridional mode and El Niño-Southern oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16608, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030302.
4. Chiang, J. C. H., and, D. J. Vimont, (2004), Analogous Pacific and Atlantic meridional modes of tropical atmosphere-Ocean variability, J. Clim., 17, 4143-4158, doi: 10.1175/JCLI4953.1.
5. Ham, Y.-G., J.-S. Kug, and, J.-Y. Park, (2013), Sea surface temperature in the north tropical Atlantic as a trigger for El-Niño-Southern oscillation events, Nat. Geosci., 6, 112-116, doi: 10.1038/NGEO1686.
6. Hendon, H., M. C. Wheeler, and, C. Zhang, (2007), Seasonal dependence of the MJO-ENSO relationship, J. Clim., 20, 531-543.
7. Kessler, W. S., M. J. McPhaden, and, K. M. Weickmann, (1995), Forcing of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10613-10631.
8. Kirtman, B. P., and, P. S. Schopf, (1998), Decadal variability in ENSO predictability and prediction, J. Clim., 11, 2804-2822.
9. Kirtman, B. P., and, J. Shukla, (2000), Influence of the Indian summer monsoon on ENSO, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1623-1646.
10. Kirtman, B. P., and, J. Shukla, (2002), Interactive coupled ensemble: A new coupling strategy for CGCMs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (10), 1367, doi: 10.1029/2002GLO14834.
11. Kirtman, B. P., K. Pegion, and, S. Kinter, (2005), Internal atmospheric dynamics and climate variability, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2220-2233.
12. Kirtman, B. P., et al. (2012), Impact of ocean model resolution on CCSM climate simulations, Clim. Dyn., 39, 1303-1328.
13. Kug, J.-S., F.-F. Jin, K. P. Sooraj, and, I.-S. Kang, (2008), State-dependent atmospheric noise associated with ENSO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05701, doi: 10.1029/2007GL032017.
14. Kug, J.-S., K.-P. Sooraj, T. Li, and, F.-F. Jin, (2010), Precursors of the El Niño/La Niña onset and their interrelationship, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D05106, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012861.
15. Lopez, H., B. P. Kirtman, E. Tziperman, and, G. Gebbie, (2013), Impact of interactive westerly wind bursts on CCSM3, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2012.11.001.
16. McPhaden, M. J., (1999), Climate oscillations: Genesis and evolution of the1997-98 El Niño, Science, 283, 950-954.
17. Penland, C., and, P. D. Sardeshmukh, (1995), The optimal growth of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies, J. Clim., 12, 1999-2024.
18. Seiki, A., and, Y. N. Takayabu, (2007), Westerly wind bursts and their relationship with intraseasonal variations and ENSO. Part I: Statistics, Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 3325-3345.
19. Tziperman, E., and, L. Yu, (2007), Quantifying the dependence of westerly wind bursts on the large-scale tropical Pacific SST, J. Clim., 20, 2760-2768.
20. Vimont, D. J., J. M. Wallace, and, D. S. Battisti, (2003a), The seasonal footprinting mechanism in the Pacific: Implications for ENSO, J. Clim., 16 (16), 2668-2675.
21. Vimont, D. J., D. S. Battisti, and, A. C. Hirst, (2003b), The seasonal footprinting mechanism in the CSIRO general circulation models, J. Clim., 16 (16), 2653-2667.
22. Zhang, Q., and, J. Gottschalk, (2002), SST anomalies of ENSO and the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Equatorial Pacific, J. Clim., 15, 2429-2445.
23. Zhang, L., P. Chang, and, L. Ji, (2009), Linking the Pacific meridional mode to ENSO: Coupled model analysis, J. Clim., 22, 3488-3505, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2473.1.