메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 253-260

Circulating level of lipocalin 2 as a predictor of severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Author keywords

Community acquired pneumonia; Lipocalin 2; Matrix metalloprotease 9; Pneumonia Severity Index

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; GELATINASE B; LEVOFLOXACIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN; UREA;

EID: 84880383786     PISSN: 08878013     EISSN: 10982825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21588     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0030048691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States
    • Pinner RW, Teutsch SM, Simonsen L, et al. Trends in infectious diseases mortality in the United States. JAMA 1996;275:189-193.
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.275 , pp. 189-193
    • Pinner, R.W.1    Teutsch, S.M.2    Simonsen, L.3
  • 2
    • 84862800271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant elevation of plasma cathepsin B and cystatin C in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Lee YT, Chen SC, Shyu LY, et al. Significant elevation of plasma cathepsin B and cystatin C in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chim Acta 2012;413:630-635.
    • (2012) Clin Chim Acta , vol.413 , pp. 630-635
    • Lee, Y.T.1    Chen, S.C.2    Shyu, L.Y.3
  • 3
    • 28844472594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older in the United States, 1988-2002
    • Fry AM, Shay DK, Holman RC, Curns AT, Anderson LJ. Trends in hospitalizations for pneumonia among persons aged 65 years or older in the United States, 1988-2002. JAMA 2005;294:2712-2719.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 2712-2719
    • Fry, A.M.1    Shay, D.K.2    Holman, R.C.3    Curns, A.T.4    Anderson, L.J.5
  • 4
    • 33644922630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising incidence and persistently high mortality of hospitalized pneumonia: A 10-year population-based study in Denmark
    • Thomsen RW, Riis A, Norgaard M, et al. Rising incidence and persistently high mortality of hospitalized pneumonia: A 10-year population-based study in Denmark. J Intern Med 2006;259:410-417.
    • (2006) J Intern Med , vol.259 , pp. 410-417
    • Thomsen, R.W.1    Riis, A.2    Norgaard, M.3
  • 5
    • 1642286527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes for Medicare patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Houck PM, Bratzler DW, Nsa W, Ma A, Bartlett JG. Timing of antibiotic administration and outcomes for Medicare patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:637-644.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 637-644
    • Houck, P.M.1    Bratzler, D.W.2    Nsa, W.3    Ma, A.4    Bartlett, J.G.5
  • 6
    • 34250795666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misdiagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics: Side effects of the 4-h antibiotic administration rule
    • Kanwar M, Brar N, Khatib R, Fakih MG. Misdiagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics: Side effects of the 4-h antibiotic administration rule. Chest 2007;131:1865-1869.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 1865-1869
    • Kanwar, M.1    Brar, N.2    Khatib, R.3    Fakih, M.G.4
  • 7
    • 0027315040 scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on basic mechanisms in lung disease. 6. Proteinase imbalance: Its role in lung disease
    • Tetley TD. New perspectives on basic mechanisms in lung disease. 6. Proteinase imbalance: Its role in lung disease. Thorax 1993;48:560-565.
    • (1993) Thorax , vol.48 , pp. 560-565
    • Tetley, T.D.1
  • 9
    • 67649219715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency worsens lung injury in a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
    • Lukkarinen H, Hogmalm A, Lappalainen U, Bry K. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency worsens lung injury in a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009;41:59-68.
    • (2009) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.41 , pp. 59-68
    • Lukkarinen, H.1    Hogmalm, A.2    Lappalainen, U.3    Bry, K.4
  • 10
    • 0002022968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome
    • Torii K, Iida K, Miyazaki Y, et al. Higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:43-46.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 43-46
    • Torii, K.1    Iida, K.2    Miyazaki, Y.3
  • 11
    • 0036256647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
    • Choi KH, Lee HB, Jeong MY, et al. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Chest 2002;121:1478-485.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121 , pp. 1478-1485
    • Choi, K.H.1    Lee, H.B.2    Jeong, M.Y.3
  • 12
    • 0034101866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of gelatinases A and B, collagenases 1 and 2, and increased parenchymal cell death in COPD
    • Segura-Valdez L, Pardo A, Gaxiola M, Uhal BD, Becerril C, Selman M. Upregulation of gelatinases A and B, collagenases 1 and 2, and increased parenchymal cell death in COPD. Chest 2000;117:684-694.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , pp. 684-694
    • Segura-Valdez, L.1    Pardo, A.2    Gaxiola, M.3    Uhal, B.D.4    Becerril, C.5    Selman, M.6
  • 13
    • 84255186217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Piesiak P, Brzecka A, Kosacka M, Passowicz-Muszynska E, Dyla T, Jankowska R. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2011;31:270-273.
    • (2011) Pol Merkur Lekarski , vol.31 , pp. 270-273
    • Piesiak, P.1    Brzecka, A.2    Kosacka, M.3    Passowicz-Muszynska, E.4    Dyla, T.5    Jankowska, R.6
  • 14
    • 0031260224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and pattern of tissue expression of the gene for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from humans
    • Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Molecular characterization and pattern of tissue expression of the gene for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from humans. Genomics 1997;45:17-23.
    • (1997) Genomics , vol.45 , pp. 17-23
    • Cowland, J.B.1    Borregaard, N.2
  • 15
    • 0034684231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipocalins and cancer
    • Bratt T. Lipocalins and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000;1482:318-326.
    • (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1482 , pp. 318-326
    • Bratt, T.1
  • 16
    • 58849133385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipocalin 2-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth in alveolar epithelium
    • Saiga H, Nishimura J, Kuwata H, et al. Lipocalin 2-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth in alveolar epithelium. J Immunol 2008;181:8521-8527.
    • (2008) J Immunol , vol.181 , pp. 8521-8527
    • Saiga, H.1    Nishimura, J.2    Kuwata, H.3
  • 17
    • 45849106452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): A new marker of kidney disease
    • Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): A new marker of kidney disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2008;241:89-94.
    • (2008) Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl , vol.241 , pp. 89-94
    • Devarajan, P.1
  • 18
    • 73649135741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human neoplasias: A new protein enters the scene
    • Bolignano D, Donato V, Lacquaniti A, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human neoplasias: A new protein enters the scene. Cancer Lett 2010;288:10-16.
    • (2010) Cancer Lett , vol.288 , pp. 10-16
    • Bolignano, D.1    Donato, V.2    Lacquaniti, A.3
  • 19
    • 84866871900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of lipocalin 2 and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral cancer
    • Lin CW, Tseng SW, Yang SF, et al. Role of lipocalin 2 and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral cancer. Oral Dis 2012;18:734-740.
    • (2012) Oral Dis , vol.18 , pp. 734-740
    • Lin, C.W.1    Tseng, S.W.2    Yang, S.F.3
  • 20
    • 77950597995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in patients with crohn disease undergoing treatment with infliximab
    • Bolignano D, Della Torre A, Lacquaniti A, Costantino G, Fries W, Buemi M. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in patients with crohn disease undergoing treatment with infliximab. J Investig Med 2010;58:569-571.
    • (2010) J Investig Med , vol.58 , pp. 569-571
    • Bolignano, D.1    Della Torre, A.2    Lacquaniti, A.3    Costantino, G.4    Fries, W.5    Buemi, M.6
  • 21
    • 49749146383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NGAL in acute kidney injury: From serendipity to utility
    • Devarajan P. NGAL in acute kidney injury: From serendipity to utility. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:395-399.
    • (2008) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.52 , pp. 395-399
    • Devarajan, P.1
  • 22
    • 77649202180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-B associated lipocalin is strongly induced in hearts of rats with autoimmune myocarditis and in human myocarditis
    • Ding L, Hanawa H, Ota Y, et al. Lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-B associated lipocalin is strongly induced in hearts of rats with autoimmune myocarditis and in human myocarditis. Circ J 2010;74:523-530.
    • (2010) Circ J , vol.74 , pp. 523-530
    • Ding, L.1    Hanawa, H.2    Ota, Y.3
  • 23
    • 35348878128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is expressed in osteoarthritis and forms a complex with matrix metalloproteinase 9
    • Gupta K, Shukla M, Cowland JB, Malemud CJ, Haqqi TM. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is expressed in osteoarthritis and forms a complex with matrix metalloproteinase 9. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:3326-3335.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum , vol.56 , pp. 3326-3335
    • Gupta, K.1    Shukla, M.2    Cowland, J.B.3    Malemud, C.J.4    Haqqi, T.M.5
  • 24
    • 79955457644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant elevation and correlation of plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease
    • Tsai HT, Su PH, Lee TH, et al. Significant elevation and correlation of plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin and its complex with matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with pelvic inflammatory disease. Clin Chim Acta 2011;412:1252-1256.
    • (2011) Clin Chim Acta , vol.412 , pp. 1252-1256
    • Tsai, H.T.1    Su, P.H.2    Lee, T.H.3
  • 25
    • 65249089826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipocalin 2 is required for pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella infection
    • Chan YR, Liu JS, Pociask DA, et al., Lipocalin 2 is required for pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella infection. J Immunol 2009;182:4947-4956.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.182 , pp. 4947-4956
    • Chan, Y.R.1    Liu, J.S.2    Pociask, D.A.3
  • 26
    • 84861873276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival and bacterial clearance in murine Escherichia coli pneumonia
    • Gupta N, Krasnodembskaya A, Kapetanaki M, et al., Mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival and bacterial clearance in murine Escherichia coli pneumonia. Thorax 2012;67:533-539.
    • (2012) Thorax , vol.67 , pp. 533-539
    • Gupta, N.1    Krasnodembskaya, A.2    Kapetanaki, M.3
  • 27
    • 84864795531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipocalin 2 deficiency dysregulates iron homeostasis and exacerbates endotoxin-induced sepsis
    • Srinivasan G, Aitken JD, Zhang B, et al., Lipocalin 2 deficiency dysregulates iron homeostasis and exacerbates endotoxin-induced sepsis. J Immunol 2012;189:1911-1919.
    • (2012) J Immunol , vol.189 , pp. 1911-1919
    • Srinivasan, G.1    Aitken, J.D.2    Zhang, B.3
  • 28
    • 77956344177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early predictor of severity and outcome in acute pancreatitis
    • Chakraborty S, Kaur S, Muddana V, et al. Elevated serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early predictor of severity and outcome in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:2050-2059.
    • (2010) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.105 , pp. 2050-2059
    • Chakraborty, S.1    Kaur, S.2    Muddana, V.3
  • 29
    • 0035813187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high molecular weight urinary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is a complex of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Modulation of MMP-9 activity by NGAL
    • Yan L, Borregaard N, Kjeldsen L, Moses MA. The high molecular weight urinary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is a complex of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Modulation of MMP-9 activity by NGAL. J Biol Chem 2001;276:37258-37265.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 37258-37265
    • Yan, L.1    Borregaard, N.2    Kjeldsen, L.3    Moses, M.A.4
  • 30
    • 23044499535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The matrix metalloproteinase-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin complex plays a role in breast tumor growth and is present in the urine of breast cancer patients
    • Fernandez CA, Yan L, Louis G, Yang J, Kutok JL, Moses MA. The matrix metalloproteinase-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin complex plays a role in breast tumor growth and is present in the urine of breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:5390-5395.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 5390-5395
    • Fernandez, C.A.1    Yan, L.2    Louis, G.3    Yang, J.4    Kutok, J.L.5    Moses, M.A.6
  • 31
  • 32
    • 34547747873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evidence for a protective role of lipocalin-2 against MMP-9 autodegradation and the impact for gastric cancer
    • Kubben FJ, Sier CF, Hawinkels LJ, et al. Clinical evidence for a protective role of lipocalin-2 against MMP-9 autodegradation and the impact for gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:1869-1876.
    • (2007) Eur J Cancer , vol.43 , pp. 1869-1876
    • Kubben, F.J.1    Sier, C.F.2    Hawinkels, L.J.3
  • 33
    • 73949148024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The predictive performance of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increases with grade of acute kidney injury
    • Haase-Fielitz A, Bellomo R, Devarajan P, et al. The predictive performance of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increases with grade of acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:3349-3354.
    • (2009) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.24 , pp. 3349-3354
    • Haase-Fielitz, A.1    Bellomo, R.2    Devarajan, P.3
  • 34
    • 33847155159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
    • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27-S72.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Mandell, L.A.1    Wunderink, R.G.2    Anzueto, A.3
  • 35
    • 0031012761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997;336:243-250.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 243-250
    • Fine, M.J.1    Auble, T.E.2    Yealy, D.M.3
  • 37
    • 0038554228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: An international derivation and validation study
    • Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: An international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003;58:377-382.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 377-382
    • Lim, W.S.1    van der Eerden, M.M.2    Laing, R.3
  • 38
    • 77951208845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in an adult ICU population
    • Cruz DN, de Cal M, Garzotto F, et al. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in an adult ICU population. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:444-451.
    • (2010) Intensive Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 444-451
    • Cruz, D.N.1    de Cal, M.2    Garzotto, F.3
  • 39
    • 39849091058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Chalmers JD, Singanayagam A, Hill AT. C-reactive protein is an independent predictor of severity in community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med 2008;121:219-225.
    • (2008) Am J Med , vol.121 , pp. 219-225
    • Chalmers, J.D.1    Singanayagam, A.2    Hill, A.T.3
  • 40
    • 78751483453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Jeong KY, Kim K, Kim TY, et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Emerg Med J 2011;28:122-127.
    • (2011) Emerg Med J , vol.28 , pp. 122-127
    • Jeong, K.Y.1    Kim, K.2    Kim, T.Y.3
  • 41
    • 77952273695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin levels predict bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective cohort trial
    • Muller F, Christ-Crain M, Bregenzer T, et al. Procalcitonin levels predict bacteremia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: A prospective cohort trial. Chest 2010;138:121-129.
    • (2010) Chest , vol.138 , pp. 121-129
    • Muller, F.1    Christ-Crain, M.2    Bregenzer, T.3
  • 42
    • 84860435518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and its gene polymorphism in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Chiang TY, Shyu LY, Tsao TC, et al. Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and its gene polymorphism in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2012;50:449-454.
    • (2012) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.50 , pp. 449-454
    • Chiang, T.Y.1    Shyu, L.Y.2    Tsao, T.C.3
  • 43
    • 77957171016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive accuracy of the pneumonia severity index vs CRB-65 for time to clinical stability: Results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study
    • Arnold FW, Brock GN, Peyrani P, et al. Predictive accuracy of the pneumonia severity index vs CRB-65 for time to clinical stability: Results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study. Respir Med 2010;104:1736-1743.
    • (2010) Respir Med , vol.104 , pp. 1736-1743
    • Arnold, F.W.1    Brock, G.N.2    Peyrani, P.3
  • 44
    • 79953025876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity
    • Cilloniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax 2011;66:340-346.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , pp. 340-346
    • Cilloniz, C.1    Ewig, S.2    Polverino, E.3
  • 45
    • 39449113595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The modified APACHE II score outperforms CURB65 pneumonia severity score as a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
    • Kollef KE, Reichley RM, Micek ST, Kollef MH. The modified APACHE II score outperforms CURB65 pneumonia severity score as a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Chest 2008;133:363-369.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 363-369
    • Kollef, K.E.1    Reichley, R.M.2    Micek, S.T.3    Kollef, M.H.4
  • 46
    • 79251625693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CURB-65, PSI, and APACHE II to assess mortality risk in patients with severe sepsis and community acquired pneumonia in PROWESS
    • Richards G, Levy H, Laterre PF, et al. CURB-65, PSI, and APACHE II to assess mortality risk in patients with severe sepsis and community acquired pneumonia in PROWESS. J Intens Care Med 2011;26:34-40.
    • (2011) J Intens Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 34-40
    • Richards, G.1    Levy, H.2    Laterre, P.F.3
  • 47
    • 33947592780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia
    • Muller B, Harbarth S, Stolz D, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Infect Dis 2007;7:1-10.
    • (2007) BMC Infect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 1-10
    • Muller, B.1    Harbarth, S.2    Stolz, D.3
  • 48
    • 30744460423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining information from prognostic scoring tools for CAP: An American view on how to get the best of all worlds
    • Niederman MS, Feldman C, Richards GA. Combining information from prognostic scoring tools for CAP: An American view on how to get the best of all worlds. Eur Respir J 2006;27:9-11.
    • (2006) Eur Respir J , vol.27 , pp. 9-11
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Feldman, C.2    Richards, G.A.3
  • 49
    • 67749106168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: A review
    • Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD, Hill AT. Severity assessment in community-acquired pneumonia: A review. QJM 2009;102:379-388.
    • (2009) QJM , vol.102 , pp. 379-388
    • Singanayagam, A.1    Chalmers, J.D.2    Hill, A.T.3
  • 50
    • 0037637630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procalcitonin as a diagnostic tool in lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis
    • Polzin A, Pletz M, Erbes R, et al. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic tool in lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2003;21:939-943.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 939-943
    • Polzin, A.1    Pletz, M.2    Erbes, R.3
  • 51
    • 33644603856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-quantitative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen: Kinetics of antigen titers and severity of diseases
    • Tateda K, Kusano E, Matsumoto T, et al. Semi-quantitative analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen: Kinetics of antigen titers and severity of diseases. Scand J Infect Dis 2006;38:166-171.
    • (2006) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 166-171
    • Tateda, K.1    Kusano, E.2    Matsumoto, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.