메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 90, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 628-638

Factors affecting crowded acuity: Eccentricity and contrast

Author keywords

acuity; contrast; critical contrast; critical spacing; crowding; eccentricity; periphery

Indexed keywords

ACUITY; CONTRAST; CRITICAL CONTRAST; CRITICAL SPACING; CROWDING; ECCENTRICITY; PERIPHERY;

EID: 84880324895     PISSN: 10405488     EISSN: 15389235     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e31829908a4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 84865724118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective: Visual acuity-keeping it clear
    • Bailey IL. Perspective: visual acuity-keeping it clear. Optom Vis Sci 2012;89:1247-8.
    • (2012) Optom Vis Sci , vol.89 , pp. 1247-1248
    • Bailey, I.L.1
  • 2
    • 0017052413 scopus 로고
    • New design principles for visual acuity letter charts
    • Bailey IL, Lovie JE. New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1976;53:740-5.
    • (1976) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.53 , pp. 740-745
    • Bailey, I.L.1    Lovie, J.E.2
  • 5
    • 0034604171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the reliability of visual acuity measures in young children
    • McGraw PV, Winn B, Gray LS, Elliott DB. Improving the reliability of visual acuity measures in young children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2000;20:173-84.
    • (2000) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.20 , pp. 173-184
    • McGraw, P.V.1    Winn, B.2    Gray, L.S.3    Elliott, D.B.4
  • 6
  • 7
    • 0000558861 scopus 로고
    • Contour interaction and visual resolution: Contralateral effects
    • Flom MC, Heath GG, Takahashi E. Contour interaction and visual resolution: contralateral effects. Science 1963;142:979-80.
    • (1963) Science , vol.142 , pp. 979-980
    • Flom, M.C.1    Heath, G.G.2    Takahashi, E.3
  • 8
    • 0000374097 scopus 로고
    • Contour interaction and the crowding effect
    • Flom MC. Contour interaction and the crowding effect. Probl Optom 1991;3:237-57.
    • (1991) Probl Optom , vol.3 , pp. 237-257
    • Flom, M.C.1
  • 9
    • 0035020532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial-frequency and contrast properties of crowding
    • Chung STL, Levi DM, Legge GE. Spatial-frequency and contrast properties of crowding. Vision Res 2001;41:1833-50.
    • (2001) Vision Res , vol.41 , pp. 1833-1850
    • Chung, S.T.L.1    Levi, D.M.2    Legge, G.E.3
  • 10
    • 0018604616 scopus 로고
    • Visual resolution and contour interaction in the fovea and periphery
    • Jacobs RJ. Visual resolution and contour interaction in the fovea and periphery. Vision Res 1979;19:1187-95.
    • (1979) Vision Res , vol.19 , pp. 1187-1195
    • Jacobs, R.J.1
  • 11
    • 0032896391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowding in central and eccentric vision: The effects of contour interaction and attention
    • Leat SJ, Li W, Epp K. Crowding in central and eccentric vision: the effects of contour interaction and attention. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:504-12.
    • (1999) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 504-512
    • Leat, S.J.1    Li, W.2    Epp, K.3
  • 12
    • 0014941168 scopus 로고
    • Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition
    • Bouma H. Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition. Nature 1970;226:177-8.
    • (1970) Nature , vol.226 , pp. 177-178
    • Bouma, H.1
  • 13
    • 0026684892 scopus 로고
    • The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea
    • Toet A, Levi DM. The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea. Vision Res 1992;32:1349-57.
    • (1992) Vision Res , vol.32 , pp. 1349-1357
    • Toet, A.1    Levi, D.M.2
  • 14
    • 6444221648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: Distinguishing feature integration from detection
    • Pelli DG, Palomares M, Majaj NJ. Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: distinguishing feature integration from detection. J Vis 2004;4:1136-69.
    • (2004) J Vis , vol.4 , pp. 1136-1169
    • Pelli, D.G.1    Palomares, M.2    Majaj, N.J.3
  • 15
    • 0001541562 scopus 로고
    • Visual sensory units and the minimal angle of resolution
    • Weymouth FW. Visual sensory units and the minimal angle of resolution. Am J Ophthalmol 1958;46:102-13.
    • (1958) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.46 , pp. 102-113
    • Weymouth, F.W.1
  • 16
    • 0021713885 scopus 로고
    • Low-contrast letter charts in early diabetic retinopathy, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and Parkinson's disease
    • Regan D, Neima D. Low-contrast letter charts in early diabetic retinopathy, ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and Parkinson's disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1984;68:885-9.
    • (1984) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.68 , pp. 885-889
    • Regan, D.1    Neima, D.2
  • 17
    • 0032471267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for ophthalmic disease in older subjects using visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
    • Woods RL, Tregear SJ, Mitchell RA. Screening for ophthalmic disease in older subjects using visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Ophthalmology 1998;105:2318-26.
    • (1998) Ophthalmology , vol.105 , pp. 2318-2326
    • Woods, R.L.1    Tregear, S.J.2    Mitchell, R.A.3
  • 19
    • 0020613640 scopus 로고
    • Low-contrast letter charts as a test of visual function
    • Regan D, Neima D. Low-contrast letter charts as a test of visual function. Ophthalmology 1983;90:1192-200.
    • (1983) Ophthalmology , vol.90 , pp. 1192-1200
    • Regan, D.1    Neima, D.2
  • 20
    • 3142564603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-contrast vision function predicts subsequent acuity loss in an aged population: The SKI study
    • Schneck ME, Haegerstrom-Portnoy G, Lott LA, Brabyn JA, Gildengorin G. Low-contrast vision function predicts subsequent acuity loss in an aged population: the SKI study. Vision Res 2004; 44:2317-25.
    • (2004) Vision Res , vol.44 , pp. 2317-2325
    • Schneck, M.E.1    Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G.2    Lott, L.A.3    Brabyn, J.A.4    Gildengorin, G.5
  • 21
    • 13844271475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 2003: Vision in eldersVsummary of findings of the SKI study
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy G. The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 2003: vision in eldersVsummary of findings of the SKI study. Optom Vis Sci 2005;82:87-93.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 87-93
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G.1
  • 22
    • 0025371497 scopus 로고
    • Crowding depends on contrast
    • Kothe AC, Regan D. Crowding depends on contrast. Optom Vis Sci 1990;67:283-6.
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 283-286
    • Kothe, A.C.1    Regan, D.2
  • 25
    • 0029038636 scopus 로고
    • Contour interaction in the presence of congenital nystagmus
    • Pascal E, Abadi RV. Contour interaction in the presence of congenital nystagmus. Vision Res 1995;35:1785-9.
    • (1995) Vision Res , vol.35 , pp. 1785-1789
    • Pascal, E.1    Abadi, R.V.2
  • 26
    • 0033012162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contour interaction for high-and low-contrast optotypes in normal and amblyopic observers
    • Simmers AJ, Gray LS, McGraw PV, Winn B. Contour interaction for high-and low-contrast optotypes in normal and amblyopic observers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1999;19:253-60.
    • (1999) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.19 , pp. 253-260
    • Simmers, A.J.1    Gray, L.S.2    McGraw, P.V.3    Winn, B.4
  • 27
    • 84871086465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foveal contour interaction for low-contrast acuity targets
    • Siderov J, Waugh SJ, Bedell HE. Foveal contour interaction for low-contrast acuity targets. Vision Res 2013;77:10-3.
    • (2013) Vision Res , vol.77 , pp. 10-13
    • Siderov, J.1    Waugh, S.J.2    Bedell, H.E.3
  • 28
    • 0024788808 scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity for letter and grating targets under various stimulus conditions
    • Herse PR, Bedell HE. Contrast sensitivity for letter and grating targets under various stimulus conditions. Optom Vis Sci 1989;66: 774-81.
    • (1989) Optom Vis Sci , vol.66 , pp. 774-781
    • Herse, P.R.1    Bedell, H.E.2
  • 29
    • 84925971775 scopus 로고
    • The effect of contrast on letter and word recognition
    • van Nes FL, Jacobs JC. The effect of contrast on letter and word recognition. IPO Ann Prog Rep 1981;16:72-80.
    • (1981) IPO Ann Prog Rep , vol.16 , pp. 72-80
    • Van Nes, F.L.1    Jacobs, J.C.2
  • 30
    • 0001161808 scopus 로고
    • Effect of reduced contrast on visual acuity as measured with Snellen test letters
    • Ludvigh E. Effect of reduced contrast on visual acuity as measured with Snellen test letters. Arch Opthlalmol 1941;25:469-74.
    • (1941) Arch Opthlalmol , vol.25 , pp. 469-474
    • Ludvigh, E.1
  • 31
    • 0029656033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of spatial aliasing and contrast sensitivity in peripheral vision
    • Thibos LN, Still DL, Bradley A. Characterization of spatial aliasing and contrast sensitivity in peripheral vision. Vision Res 1996; 36:249-58.
    • (1996) Vision Res , vol.36 , pp. 249-258
    • Thibos, L.N.1    Still, D.L.2    Bradley, A.3
  • 32
    • 0034068497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of contrast on reading speed in dyslexia
    • O'Brien BA, Mansfield JS, Legge GE. The effect of contrast on reading speed in dyslexia. Vision Res 2000;40:1921-35.
    • (2000) Vision Res , vol.40 , pp. 1921-1935
    • O'Brien, B.A.1    Mansfield, J.S.2    Legge, G.E.3
  • 33
    • 69549135332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial-frequency and contrast properties of reading in central and peripheral vision
    • Chung STL, Tjan BS. Spatial-frequency and contrast properties of reading in central and peripheral vision. J Vis 2009;9:161-9.
    • (2009) J Vis , vol.9 , pp. 161-169
    • Chung, S.T.L.1    Tjan, B.S.2
  • 34
    • 0023262880 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysics of reading. V. The role of contrast in normal vision
    • Legge GE, Rubin GS, Luebker A. Psychophysics of reading. V. The role of contrast in normal vision. Vision Res 1987;27:1165-77.
    • (1987) Vision Res , vol.27 , pp. 1165-1177
    • Legge, G.E.1    Rubin, G.S.2    Luebker, A.3
  • 35
    • 0000597505 scopus 로고
    • New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances
    • Sloan LL. New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances. Am J Ophthalmol 1959;48:807-13.
    • (1959) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.48 , pp. 807-813
    • Sloan, L.L.1
  • 36
    • 0019260848 scopus 로고
    • Recommended standard procedures for the clinical measurement and specification of visual acuity. Report of working group 39. Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C
    • Committee on Vision.
    • Committee on Vision. Recommended standard procedures for the clinical measurement and specification of visual acuity. Report of working group 39. Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Adv Ophthalmol 1980;41:103-48.
    • (1980) Adv Ophthalmol , vol.41 , pp. 103-148
  • 37
    • 78449265811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy
    • Peirce JW. Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy. Front Neuroinform 2008;2:10.
    • (2008) Front Neuroinform , vol.2 , pp. 10
    • Peirce, J.W.1
  • 38
    • 84880328169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size and spacing limit letter identification, with promise of improved visual screening for amblyopia
    • In press
    • Song S, Levi DM, Pelli DG. Size and spacing limit letter identification, with promise of improved visual screening for amblyopia. J Vis. In press.
    • J Vis
    • Song, S.1    Levi, D.M.2    Pelli, D.G.3
  • 40
    • 84880332843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the screening of children for amblyopia
    • Pelli D, Song S, Levi D. Improving the screening of children for amblyopia. J Vis 2011;11(11):411.
    • (2011) J Vis , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 411
    • Pelli, D.1    Song, S.2    Levi, D.3
  • 41
    • 84880332081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size or spacing: Which limits letter identification in people with AMD?
    • E-Abstract 1194
    • Chung STL. Size or spacing: which limits letter identification in people with AMD? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:E-Abstract 1194.
    • (2011) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.52
    • Chung, S.T.L.1
  • 42
    • 80054695746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent
    • Gurnsey R, Roddy G, Chanab W. Crowding is size and eccentricity dependent. J Vis 2011;11:15.
    • (2011) J Vis , vol.11 , pp. 15
    • Gurnsey, R.1    Roddy, G.2    Chanab, W.3
  • 44
    • 36549068815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foveal contour interactions and crowding effects at the resolution limit of the visual system
    • Danilova MV, Bondarko VM. Foveal contour interactions and crowding effects at the resolution limit of the visual system. J Vis 2007;7:25.1-18.
    • (2007) J Vis , vol.7 , pp. 251-2518
    • Danilova, M.V.1    Bondarko, V.M.2
  • 45
    • 0018404728 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of visual acuity measurements
    • Westheimer G. Scaling of visual acuity measurements. Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:327-30.
    • (1979) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.97 , pp. 327-330
    • Westheimer, G.1
  • 46
    • 0015575597 scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity as a function of exposure duration
    • Baron WS, Westheimer G. Visual acuity as a function of exposure duration. J Opt Soc Am 1973;63:212-9.
    • (1973) J Opt Soc Am , vol.63 , pp. 212-219
    • Baron, W.S.1    Westheimer, G.2
  • 48
    • 0030305457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R: A language for data analysis and graphics
    • Ihaka R, Gentleman R. R: a language for data analysis and graphics. J Comput Graph Stat 1996;5:299-314.
    • (1996) J Comput Graph Stat , vol.5 , pp. 299-314
    • Ihaka, R.1    Gentleman, R.2
  • 49
    • 0036753577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of crowding in peripheral vision does not scale with target size
    • Tripathy SP, Cavanagh P. The extent of crowding in peripheral vision does not scale with target size. Vision Res 2002;42:2357-69.
    • (2002) Vision Res , vol.42 , pp. 2357-2369
    • Tripathy, S.P.1    Cavanagh, P.2
  • 50
    • 0026177345 scopus 로고
    • Contrast thresholds for identification of numeric characters in direct and eccentric view
    • Strasburger H, Harvey LO Jr, Rentschler I. Contrast thresholds for identification of numeric characters in direct and eccentric view. Percept Psychophys 1991;49:495-508.
    • (1991) Percept Psychophys , vol.49 , pp. 495-508
    • Strasburger, H.1    Harvey, Jr.L.O.2    Rentschler, I.3
  • 51
    • 0030069367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative roles of resolution and spatial interference in foveal and peripheral vision
    • Latham K, Whitaker D. Relative roles of resolution and spatial interference in foveal and peripheral vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1996;16:49-57.
    • (1996) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.16 , pp. 49-57
    • Latham, K.1    Whitaker, D.2
  • 53
    • 11144319349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Crowding" in normal and am-blyopic vision assessed with Gaussian and Gabor C's
    • Hariharan S, Levi DM, Klein SA. "Crowding" in normal and am-blyopic vision assessed with Gaussian and Gabor C's. Vision Res 2005;45:617-33.
    • (2005) Vision Res , vol.45 , pp. 617-633
    • Hariharan, S.1    Levi, D.M.2    Klein, S.A.3
  • 54
    • 0036977115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive and facilitatory spatial interactions in foveal vision: Foveal crowding is simple contrast masking
    • Levi DM, Klein SA, Hariharan S. Suppressive and facilitatory spatial interactions in foveal vision: foveal crowding is simple contrast masking. J Vis 2002;2:140-66.
    • (2002) J Vis , vol.2 , pp. 140-166
    • Levi, D.M.1    Klein, S.A.2    Hariharan, S.3
  • 55
    • 0036974630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressive and facilitatory spatial interactions in peripheral vision: Peripheral crowding is neither size invariant nor simple contrast masking
    • Levi DM, Hariharan S, Klein SA. Suppressive and facilitatory spatial interactions in peripheral vision: peripheral crowding is neither size invariant nor simple contrast masking. J Vis 2002; 2:167-77.
    • (2002) J Vis , vol.2 , pp. 167-177
    • Levi, D.M.1    Hariharan, S.2    Klein, S.A.3
  • 56
    • 34247869840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowding and surround sup pression: Not to be confused
    • Petrov Y, Popple AV, McKee SP. Crowding and surround sup pression: not to be confused. J Vis 2007;7:12.1-9.
    • (2007) J Vis , vol.7 , pp. 121-129
    • Petrov, Y.1    Popple, A.V.2    McKee, S.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.