Norovirus transfer between foods and food contact materials

Journal of Food Protection

Volumn 76, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1202-1209

  Stals, Ambroos ^a,b   Uyttendaele, Mieke ^b   Baert, Leen ^b   Van Coillie, Els ^a  

^a INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES RESEARCH ILVO   (Belgium)

^b GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880304025     PISSN: 0362028X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-392     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Baert, L., J. Debevere, and M. Uyttendaele. 2009. The efficacy of preservation methods to inactivate foodborne viruses. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 131:83-94.
2. Baert, L., M. Uyttendaele, A. Stals, E. Van Coillie, K. Dierick, J. Debevere, and N. Botteldoorn. 2009. Reported foodborne outbreaks due to noroviruses in Belgium: the link between food and patient investigations in an international context. Epidemiol. Infect. 137:316-325.
3. Baert, L., C. E. Wobus, E. Van Coillie, L. B. Thackray, J. Debevere, and M. Uyttendaele. 2008. Detection of murine norovirus 1 by using plaque assay, transfection assay, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR before and after heat exposure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 543-546.
4. Bidawid, S., J. M. Farber, and S. A. Sattar. 2000. Contamination of foods by food handlers: experiments on hepatitis A virus transfer to food and its interruption. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:2759-2763.
5. Bidawid, S., N. Malik, O. Adegbunrin, S. A. Sattar, and J. M. Farber. 2004. Norovirus cross-contamination during food handling and interruption of virus transfer by hand antisepsis: experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate. J. Food Prot. 67:103-109.
6. Daniels, N. A., D. A. Bergmire-Sweat, K. J. Schwab, K. A. Hendricks, S. Reddy, S. H. Rowe, R. L. Fankhauser, S. S. Monroe, R. L. Atmar, R. I. Glass, and P. Mead. 2000. A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses: first molecular traceback to deli sandwiches contaminated during preparation. J. Infect. Dis. 181:1467-1470.
7. de Coster, E., M. de Wit, and M. Widdowson. 2001. Large outbreak of Norwalk-like virus in ministry staff in the Netherlands. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId-1812. Accessed 17 September 2010.
8. De Wit, M. A. S., M. A. Widdowson, H. Vennema, E. de Bruin, T. Fernandes, and M. Koopmans. 2007. Large outbreak of norovirus: the baker who should have known better. J. Infect. 55:188-193.
9. D'Souza, D.H., A. Sair,K.Williams, E. Papafragkou, J. Jean, C.Moore, and L. Jaykus. 2006. Persistence of caliciviruses on environmental surfaces and their transfer to food. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 108:84-91.
10. Duizer, E., K. J. Schwab, F. H. Neill, R. L. Atmar, M. P. G. Koopmans, and M. K. Estes. 2004. Laboratory efforts to cultivate noroviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 85:79-87.
11. Escudero, B. I., H. Rawsthorne, C. Gensel, and L. A. Jaykus. 2012. Persistence and transferability of noroviruses on and between common surfaces and foods. J. Food Prot. 75:927-935.
12. European Food Safety Authority. 2007. The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents, antimicrobial resistance and foodborne outbreaks in the European Union in 2005. EFSA J. 94:2-288.
13. European Food Safety Authority. 2011. The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2009. EFSA J. 9(3)2090:1-378.
14. Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization Codex Alimentarius Commission. 2003. Codex Alimentarius. Food hygiene, basic texts. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
15. Gibson, K. E., P. G. Crandall, and S. C. Ricke. 2012. Virus removal and transfer on food contact surfaces by cleaning cloths. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78:3037-3044.
16. Godoy, P., J. Izcara, R. Bartolome, P. Bach, A. Escobar, M. Pal, G. Codina, J. Torres, and A. Dominguez. 2005. Outbreak of food-borne norovirus associated with the consumption of sandwiches. Med. Clin. 124:161-164.
17. Koopmans, M., C. H. von Bonsdorff, J. Vinje, D. De Medici, and S. Monroe. 2002. Foodborne viruses. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26:187-205.
18. Kroneman, A., L. Verhoef, J. Harris, H. Vennema, E. Duizer, Y. van Duynhoven, J. Gray, M. Iturriza, B. Bottiger, G. Falkenhorst, C. Johnsen, C. H. von Bonsdorff, L. Maunula, M. Kuusi, P. Pothier, A. Gallay, E. Schreier, M. Hohne, J. Koch, G. Szucs, G. Reuter, K. Krisztalovics, M. Lynch, P. McKeown, B. Foley, S. Coughlan, F. M. Ruggeri, I. Di Bartolo, K. Vainio, E. Isakbaeva, M. Poljsak-Prijatelj, A. H. Grom, J. Z. Mijovski, A. Bosch, J. Buesa, A. S. Fauquier, G. Hernandez-Pezzi, K. O. Hedlund, and M. Koopmans. 2008. Analysis of integrated virological and epidemiological reports of norovirus outbreaks collected within the Foodborne Viruses in Europe Network from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2006. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:2959-2965.
19. Li, M., S. Grove, H. Zhao, and A. Lee. 2012. Norovirus transfer during chopping of contaminated romaine lettuce, P1-108. Abstr. Annu. Meet. IAFP 2012. International Association for Food Protection, Des Moines, IA.
20. Michaels, B., C. Keller, M. Blevins, G. Paoli, T. Ruthman, E. Todd, and C. J. Griffith. 2004. Prevention of food worker transmission of foodborne pathogens: risk assessment and evaluation of effective hygiene intervention strategies. Food Serv. Technol. 4:31-49.
21. Moe, C. L. 2008. Preventing norovirus transmission: how should we handle food handlers? Clin. Infect. Dis. 48:38-40.
22. Mokhtari, A., and L. A. Jaykus. 2009. Quantitative exposure model for the transmission of norovirus in retail food preparation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 133:38-47.
23. Nicolay, N., R. McDermott, M. Kelly, M. Gorby, T. Prendergast, G. Tuite, S. Coughlan, P. McKeown, and G. Sayers. 2011. Potential role of asymptomatic kitchen food handlers during a food-borne outbreak of norovirus infection, Dublin, Ireland, March 2009. Available at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId-19931. Accessed 1 August 2011.
24. Payne, K., M. Hall, M. Lutzke, C. Armstrong, and J. King. 2006. Multisite outbreak of norovirus associated with a franchise restaurant-Kent County, Michigan, May 2005. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 55:395-397.
25. Sala, M. R., N. Cardenosa, C. Arias, T. Llovet, A. Recasens, A. Dominguez, J. Buesa, and L. Salleras. 2005. An outbreak of food poisoning due to a genogroup I norovirus. Epidemiol. Infect. 133:187-191.
26. Scallan, E., R. M. Hoekstra, F. J. Angulo, R. V. Tauxe, M. A. Widdowson, S. L. Roy, J. L. Jones, and P. M. Griffin. 2011. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-major pathogens. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17:16-22.
27. Sharps, C. P., G. Kotwal, and J. L. Cannon. 2012. Human norovirus transfer to stainless steel and small fruits during handling. J. Food Prot. 75:1437-1446.
28. Stals, A., L. Baert, N. Botteldoorn, H. Werbrouck, L. Herman, M. Uyttendaele, and E. Van Coillie. 2009. Multiplex real-time RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of GI/GII noroviruses and murine norovirus 1. J. Virol. Methods 161:247-253.
29. Stals, A., L. Jacxsens, L. Baert, E. Van Coillie, and M. Uyttendaele. Development of a quantitative exposure model simulating human infective norovirus transmission during preparation of deli sandwiches. Submitted for publication.
30. Teunis, P. F. M., C. L. Moe, P. Liu, S. E. Miller, L. Lindesmith, R. S. Baric, J. Le Pendu, and R. L. Calderon. 2008. Norwalk virus: how infectious is it? J. Med. Virol. 80:1468-1476.
31. Todd, E. C. D., B. S. Michaels, J. D. Greig, D. Smith, and C. A. Bartleson. 2010. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 8. Gloves as barriers to prevent contamination of food by workers. J. Food Prot. 73:1762-1773.
32. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2009. Food Code 2009. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodProtection/FoodCode/ FoodCode2009/UCM189448.pdf. Accessed 13 February 2012.
33. Verhoef, L., H. Vennema, W. van Pelt, D. Lees, H. Boshuizen, K. Henshilwood, M. Koopmans, and the Food-Borne Viruses in Europe Network. 2010. Use of norovirus genotype profiles to differentiate origins of foodborne outbreaks. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16:617-621.
34. Verhoef, L. P. B., A. Kroneman, Y. van Duynhoven, H. Boshuizen, W. van Pelt, M. Koopmans, and the Food-Borne Viruses in Europe Network. 2009. Selection tool for foodborne norovirus outbreaks. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15:31-38.
35. Widdowson, M. A., A. Sulka, S. N. Bulens, R. S. Beard, S. S. Chaves, R. Hammond, E. D. P. Salehi, E. Swanson, J. Totaro, R. Woron, P. S. Mead, J. S. Bresee, S. S. Monroe, and R. I. Glass. 2005. Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991-2000. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:95-102.
36. Wobus, C. E., S. M. Karst, L. B. Thackray, K. O. Chang, S. V. Sosnovtsev, G. Belliot, A. Krug, J. M. Mackenzie, K. Y. Green, and H. W. Virgin. 2004. Replication of norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages. PLoS Biol. 2:2076-2084.
37. Zainazor, C. T., M. S. N. Hidayah, L. C. Chai, R. Tunung, F. M. Ghazali, and R. Son. 2010. The scenario of norovirus contamination in food and food handlers. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 20:229-237.
38. Zhao, H., S. Grove, M. Li, and A. Lee. 2012. Norovirus transfer between hands and fresh produce, P1-107. Abstr. Annu. Meet. IAFP 2012. International Association for Food Protection, Des Moines, IA.
39. Zheng, D. P., T. Ando, R. L. Fankhauser, R. S. Beard, R. I. Glass, and S. S. Monroe. 2006. Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature. Virology 346:312-323.