Evaluation of the sensitivity of the dual-polarization Doppler warm-rain radar data assimilation to radar forward operators for a convective storm

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Volumn 91, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 287-304

  Li, Xuanli ^a   Mecikalski, John R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN HUNTSVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Dual polarimetric radar; Mesoscale modeling; Radar data assimilation

Indexed keywords

DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; MODELING; POLARIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; THUNDERSTORM; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 84880286819     PISSN: 00261165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2151/jmsj.2013-304     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Aksoy, A., D. Dowell, and C. Snyder, 2009: A multicase comparative assessment of the ensemble Kalman filter for assimilation of radar observations. Part I: Stormscale analyses. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1805-1824.
2. Aydin, K., and V. Giridhar, 1992: C-band dual-polarization radar observables in rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 383-390.
3. Aydin, K., T. A. Seliga, and V. Balaji, 1986: Remote sensing of hail with a dual linear polarization radar. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1475-1484.
4. Aydin, K., Y. Zhao, and T. A. Seliga, 1990: A differential reflectivity radar hail measurement technique: Observations during the Denver hailstorm of 13 June 1984. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 104-113.
5. Balakrishnan, N., and D. S. Zrnic, 1990: Use of polarization to characterize precipitation and discriminate large hail. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1525-1540.
6. Barker, D., W. Huang, Y. Guo, and Q. Xiao, 2004: A threedimensional (3DVAR) data assimilation system for use with MM5: Implementation and initial results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 897-914.
7. Bluestein, H., M. French, R. Tanamachi, S. Frasier, K. Hardwick, F. Junyent, and A. Pazmany, 2007: Close-Range observations of tornadoes in supercells made with a dual-polarization, X-band, mobile Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 1522-1543.
8. Brandes, E., and K. Ikeda, 2004: Freezing-level estimation with polarimetric radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 1541-1553.
9. Brandes, E., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2002: Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in asubtropical environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 674-685.
10. Brandes, E., G. Zhang, and J. Sun, 2006: On the influence of assumed drop size distribution form on radar-retrieved thunderstorm microphysics. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 45, 259-268.
11. Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler weather radar: principles and applications. Cambridge University Press, 641 pp.
12. Bringi, V., T. Keenan, and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Correcting C-band radar reflectivity and differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: A self-consistent method with constraints. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 1906-1915.
13. Bringi, V., V. Chandrasekar, J. Hubbert, E. Gorgucci, W. L. Randeu, and M. Schoenhuber, 2003: Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 354-365.
14. Carey, L., and S. Rutledge, 1998: Electrical and multiparameter radar observations of a severe hailstorm. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13979-14000.
15. Carey, L., S. Rutledge, D. Ahijevych, and T. Keenan, 2000: Correcting propagation effects in C-band polarimetric radar observations of tropical convection using differential propagation phase. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1405-1433.
16. Caya, A., J. Sun, and C. Snyder, 2005: A comparison between the 4DVAR and the ensemble Kalman filter techniques for radar data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3081-3094
17. Chandrasekar, V., V. Bringi, N. Balakrishnan, and D. S. Zrnic, 1990: Error structure of multiparameter radar and surface measurements of rainfall. Part III: Specific differential phase. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 621-629.
18. Deierling, W., 2006: The relationship between total lightning and ice fluxes. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 175 pp.
19. Deierling, W., W. Petersen, J. Latham, S. Ellis, and H. Christian, 2008: The relationship between lightning activity and ice fluxes in thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15210, doi:10.1029/2007JD009700.
20. Dowell, C., and L. Wicker, 2009: Additive noise for stormscale ensemble data assimilation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 911-927.
21. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
22. Gao, J., M. Xue, A. Shapiro, and K. Droegemeier, 1999: A variational analysis for the retrieval of threedimensional mesoscale wind fields from two Doppler radars. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2128-2142.
23. Hall, M., J. Goddard, and S. Cherry, 1984: Identification of hydrometeors and other targets by dual-polarization radar. Radio. Sci., 19, 132-140.
24. Holler, H., V. Bringi, J. Hubbert, M. Hagen, and P. Meischner, 1994: Life cycle and precipitation formation in a hybridtype hailstorm revealed by polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2500-2522.
25. Hong, S.-Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318-2341.
26. Huang, G-J., V. N. Bringi, S. van den Heever, and W. Cotton, 2005: Polarimetirc radar signatures from RAMS microphysics. 32nd Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P11R. 6.
27. Hubbert, J., V. Bringi, and L. Carey, 1998: CSU-CHILL polarimetric radar measurements from a severe hail storm in Eastern Colorado. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 749-775.
28. Jung, Y., M. Xue, G. Zhang, and J. Straka, 2008a: Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part I: Observation operators for reflectivity and polarimetric variables. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2228-2245.
29. Jung, Y., M. Xue, G. Zhang, and J. Straka, 2008b: Assimilation of simulated polarimetric radar data for a convective storm using the ensemble Kalman filter. Part II: Impact of polarimetric data on storm analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 2246-2260.
30. Jung, Y., M. Xue, and G. Zhang, 2010: Simulations of polarimetric radar signatures of a supercell storm using a two-moment bulk microphysics scheme. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 49, 146-163.
31. Kawabata, T., T. Kuroda, H. Seko, and K. Saito, 2011: A cloud-resolving 4DVAR assimilation experiment for a local heavy rainfall event in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 1911-1931.
32. Kessler, E., 1969: On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulation. Meteor. Monogr. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 32, 84 pp.
33. Li, X., and J. Mecikalski, 2010: Assimilation of dualpolarimetric Doppler radar data for a convective storm with a warm-rain radar forward operator. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D16208, doi:10.1029/2009JD013666.
34. Li, X., and J. Mecikalski, 2012: Impact of the dualpolarization Doppler radar data on two convective storms with a warm-rain radar forward operator. Mon. Wea. Rev. 140, 2147-2167.
35. Lindskog, M., K. Salonen, H. Järvinen, and D. Michelson, 2004: Doppler radar wind data assimilation with HIRLAM 3DVAR. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1081-1092.
36. Liou, Y.-C., T.-C. Wang, and K.-S. Chung, 2003: A threedimensional variational approach for deriving the thermodynamic structure using Doppler wind observations An application to a subtropical squall line. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1443-1454.
37. Mlawer, E., S. Taubman, P. Brown, M. Iacono, and S. Clough, 1997: Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmosphere: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the long-wave. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16663-16682.
38. Mohr, C., L. Miller, and R. Vaughan, 1981: An interactive software package for the rectification of radar data to three-dimensional space. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 661-670.
39. Montmerle, T., and C. Faccani, 2009: Mesoscale assimilation of radial velocities from Doppler radars in a preoperational framework. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1939-1953.
40. Parrish, D., and J. Derber, 1992: The National Meteorological Center's spectral statistical-interpolation analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1747-1763.
41. Payne, C., T. Schuur, D. MacGorman, M. Biggerstaff, K. Kuhlman, and W. Rust, 2010: Polarimetric and electrical characteristics of a lightning ring in a supercell storm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 2405-2425.
42. Petersen, W. A., K. Knupp, J. Walters, W. Deierling, M. Gauthier, B. Dolan, J. P. Dice, D. Satterfield, C. Davis, R. J. Blakeslee, S. J. Goodman, S. Podgorny, J. Hall, M. Budge, and A. Wooren, 2005: The UAH-NSSTC/ WHNT ARMOR C-band dual-polarimetric radar: A unique collaboration in research, education, and technology transfer. 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology.
43. Petersen, W., K. Knupp, D. Cecil, and J. Mecikalsi, 2007: The Unversity of Alabama Huntsville THOR Center instrumentation: Research and operational collaboration. 33rd Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology.
44. Pfeifer, M., G. Craig, M. Hagen, and C. Keil, 2004: A polarimetric radar forward operator. Third European Conf. on Radar Meteorology (ERAD), 494-498.
45. Pfeifer, M., G. Craig, M. Hagen, and C. Keil, 2008: A polarimetric radar forward operator for model evalua tion. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 3202-3220
46. Protat, A., and I. Zawadzki, 1999: A variational method for real-time retrieval of three-dimensional wind field from multiple-Doppler bistatic radar network data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 432-449.
47. Qiu, C.-J., and Q. Xu, 1992: A simple adjoint method of wind analysis for single-Doppler data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 588-598.
48. Rabier, F., H. Järvinen, E. Klinker, J-F. Mahfouf, and A. Simmons, 2000: The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. Part I: Experimental results with simplified physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 1143-1170.
49. Rinehart, R. E., 1997: Radar for Meteorologists, Rinehart Publications, Columbia, MO, 428 pp.
50. Ryzhkov, A., and D. Zrnic, 1995: Comparison of dualpolarization radar estimators of rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 249-256.
51. Ryzhkov, A., and D. Zrnic, 1996: Assessment of rainfall measurement that uses specific differential phase. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 2080-2090.
52. Ryzhkov, A., D. Zrnic, and B. Gordon, 1998: Polarimetric method for ice water content determination. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 125-134.
53. Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnic, 1986: Differential propagation phase shift and rainfall rate estimation. Radio. Sci., 21, 235-247.
54. Sachidananda, M., and D. S. Zrnic, 1987: Rain rate estimates from differential polarization measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 4, 588-598.
55. Seliga, T., and V. Bringi, 1976: Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 69-76.
56. Seliga, T., V. Bringi, and H. Al-Khatib, 1981: A preliminary study of comparative measurements of rainfall rate using the differential reflectivity radar technique and a raingage network. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 1362-1368.
57. Seliga, T., K. Aydin, and H. Direskeneli, 1986: Disdrometer measurements during an intense rainfall event in central Illinois: Implications for differential reflectivity radar observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 25, 835-846.
58. Shapiro, A., S. Ellis, and J. Shaw, 1995: Single-Doppler velocity retrievals with Phoenix II data: Clear air and microburst wind retrievals in the planetary boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1265-1287.
59. Skamarock, W., J. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. Gill, D. Barker, M. Duda, X.-Y. Huang, W. Wang, and J. Powers, 2008: A description of the advanced research WRF version 3. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN/u2013475.
60. Straka, J., D. Zrnic, and A. Ryzhkov, 2000: Bulk hydrometeor classification and quantification using polarimetric radar data: Synthesis of relations. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1341-1372.
61. Sun, J., 2005: Initialization and numerical forecasting of a supercell storm observed during STEPS. Mon. Wea. Rev. 133, 793-813.
62. Sun, J., and N. Crook, 1997: Dynamical and microphysical retrieval from Doppler radar observations using a cloud model and its adjoint. Part I: Model development and simulated data experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1642-1661.
63. Sun, J., and N. Crook, 1998: Dynamical and microphysical retrieval from Doppler radar observations using a cloud model and its adjoint. Part II: Retrieval experiments of an observed Florida convective storm. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 835-852.
64. Tong, M., and M. Xue, 2008: Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part I: Sensitivity analysis and parameter identifiability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 1630-1648.
65. Ulbrich, C., and D. Atlas, 1984: Assessment of the contribution of differential polarization to improved rainfall measurements. Radio. Sci., 19, 49-57.
66. Vivekanandan, J., V. Bringi, M. Hagen, and G. Zhang, 1994: Polarimetric radar studies of atmospheric ice particles. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 32, 1-10.
67. Vivekanandan, J., S. Ellis, R. Oye, D. Zrnic, A. Ryzhkov, and J. Straka, 1999: Cloud microphysics retrieval using Sband dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 381-388.
68. Vivekanandan, J., G. Zhang, and E. Brandes, 2004: Polarimetric radar estimators based on a constrained gamma drop size distribution model. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 217-230.
69. Wu, B., J. Verlinde, and J. Sun, 2000: Dynamical and microphysical retrievals from Doppler radar observations of adeep convective cloud. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 262-283.
70. Xiao, Q., Y.-H. Kuo, J. Sun, W.-C. Lee, E. Lim, Y.-R. Guo, and D. Barker, 2005: Assimilation of Doppler radar observations with a regional 3DVAR system: Impact of Doppler velocities on forecasts of a heavy rainfall case. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 768-788.
71. Xiao, Q., J. Sun, W.-C. Lee, E. Lim, D. Barker, and E. Lim, 2007: An approach of radar reflectivity data assimilation and its assessment with the inland QPF of Typhoon Rusa (2002) at landfall. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 46, 14-22.
72. Xiao, Q., and Coauthors, 2008: Doppler radar data assimilation in KM's operational forecasting. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89, 39-43.
73. Xu, Q., H. D. Gu, and S. Yang, 2001: Simple adjoint method for three-dimensional wind retrievals from single-Doppler data. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 1053-1067.
74. Zhang, F., C. Snyder, and J. Sun, 2004: Tests of an Ensemble Kalman Filter for convective-scale data assimilation: Impact of initial estimate and observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1238-1253.
75. Zhang, F., Y. Weng, J. Sippel, Z. Meng, and C. Bishop, 2009: Cloud-resolving hurricane initialization and prediction through assimilation of Doppler radar observations with an ensemble Kalman filter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 2105-2125.
76. Zhang, G., J. Vivekanandan, and E. Brandes, 2001: A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 830-841.
77. Zhang, G., J. Sun, and E. Brandes, 2006: Improving parameterization of rain microphysics with disdrometer and radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1273-1290.
78. Zrnic, D., and A. Ryzhkov, 1996: Advantages of rain measurements using specific differential phase. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 454-464.