Extended exergy analysis of Turkish transportation sector

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 47, Issue , 2013, Pages 422-436

  Seckin, Candeniz ^a   Sciubba, Enrico ^b   Bayulken, Ahmet R ^a  

^a ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

EEA; Extended exergy; Extended exergy accounting; Resource consumption; Transportation; Turkey

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; EXERGY; GAS EMISSIONS; MOTOR TRANSPORTATION; TRANSPORTATION;

CALCULATION PROCEDURE; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; EXTENDED EXERGIES; EXTENDED EXERGY ACCOUNTINGS; PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION; RESOURCE CONSUMPTION; TRANSPORTATION SECTOR; TURKEY;

FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION;

EID: 84879960124     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.008     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Abanades, J.C., Alvarez, D., Anthony, E.J., Lu, D., 2003. In-situ capture of CO2 in a fluidized bed combustor. In: Proceedings of the 17th FBC Conference, ASME, Jacksonville, Florida.
2. Abanades, J.C., Grasa, G., Alonso, M., Rodriguez, N., 2007. Cost structure of a postcombustion CO2 capture system using CaO. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 5523-5527.
3. Abanades, J.C., Rubin, E.S., Anthony, E.J., 2004. Sorbent cost and performance in CO2 capture system. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 3462-3466.
4. Amini, S.H., Remmerswaal, J.A.M., Castro, M.B., Reute, M.A., 2007. Quantifying the quality loss and resource efficiency of recycling by means of exergy analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 15, 907-913.
5. Anthony, E.J., Wang, J., 2003. Capturing CO2 in coal-fired combustors using CaO based sorbents. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Coal Combustion, Nanjing, China.
6. Ari, I., 2010. Emission Trading for Combating with the Climate Change and its Implementation in Turkey (in Turkish). Planning Expertise Thesis in Turkish Prime Ministry State Planning and Organization, Ankara. http://www.dpt.gov.tr/ DocObjects/View/9840/tez-iari.pdf (Accessed March 2011).
7. Ayres, R.U., Ayres, L.W., Warr, B., 2003. Exergy, power and work in the US economy, 1900-1998. Energy 28, 219-273.
8. Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., Moran, M., 1996. Thermal Design and Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
9. Berglund, M., Borjesson, P., 2006. Assessment of energy performance in the lifecycle of biogas production. Biomass Bioenerg. 30, 254-266.
10. Bezdek, R.H., Wendling, R.M., 2006. Establishing Benchmarks for Environmental Comparison. http://www.misi-net.com/publications/ ModernPowerSystems- 1206.pdf (Accessed June 2011).
11. BP (British Petroleum), 2008. BP Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (10 ppm.). http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9014507&contentId= 7027516.
12. CAA (Canadian Automobile Association), 2009. Primer on Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Emissions. http://www.caa.ca/primer/documents/primer-eng.pdf (Accessed December 2011).
13. California Air Resources Board, 2009. Instructional Guidance for Mandatory GHG Emissions Reporting, Chapter 13. http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ reporting/ghg-rep/ ghg-rep-guid/13-CommonMeths.pdf (Accessed June 2010).
14. Cengel, Y.A., Turner, R.H., Cimbala, J.M., 2008. Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, third ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
15. Central Bank of Turkish Republic, 2007. Statistical Data. http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr/ yeni/cbt-uk.html (Accessed September 2010).
16. Chen, B., Chen, G.Q., Yang, Z.F., 2006. Exergy-based resource accounting for China. Ecol. Model. 196, 313-328.
17. Chen, B., Chen, G.Q., 2006. Exergy analysis for resource conversion of the Chinese Society 1993 under the material product system. Energy 31, 1115-1150.
18. Chen, G.Q., Chen, B., 2009. Extended-exergy analysis of the Chinese society. Energy 34, 1127-1144.
19. Clark, W.W., 2007. Partnerships in creating agile sustainable development communities. J. Clean. Prod. 15, 294-305.
20. Colvile, R.N., Hutchinson, E.J., Mindell, J.S., Warren, R.F., 2001. The transport sector as a source of air pollution. Atmos. Environ. 35, 1537-1565.
21. Cornelissen, R.L., 1970. Thermodynamics and Sustainable DevelopmentdThe Use of Exergy Analysis and the Reduction of Irreversibility. Ph.D. thesis, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands.
22. Cornelissen, R.L., Hirs, G.G., 2002. The value of the exergetic life cycle assessment besides the LCA. Energy Conv. Manage. 43, 1417-1424.
23. Corrado, A., Fiorini, P., Sciubba, E., 2006. Environmental assessment and extended exergy analysis of a ''zero CO2 emission'' high-efficiency steam power plant. Energy 31, 3186-3198.
24. Courtemanche, B., Levendis, Y.A., 1998. A laboratory study on the NO, NO&z.ast;, SO&z.ast;, CO and CO2 emissions from the combustion of pulverized coal, municipal waste plastics and tires. Fuel 77, 183-196.
25. Dai, J., Chen, B., 2011. Extended exergy-based ecological accounting of China during 2000-2007. Procedia Environ. Sci. 5, 87-95.
26. Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H., 2002a. Assessment of the sustainability of technology by means of a thermodynamically based life cycle analysis. Environ. Sci. Pollut. 9, 267-273.
27. Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H., 2002b. Quantitative assessment of solid waste treatment systems in the industrial ecology perspective by exergy analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 1130-1135.
28. Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H., 2003. Exergetic material input per unit of service (EMIPS) for the assessment of resource productivity of transport commodities. Resour. Conserv. Recycling 38, 161-174.
29. Dewulf, J., Van Langenhove, H., Dirckx, J., 2001. Exergy analysis in the assessment of the sustainability of waste gas treatment systems. Sci. Total Environ. 273, 41-52.
30. Dincer, I., Hussain, M.M., Al-Zaharnah, I., 2004. Energy and exergy utilization in transportation sector of Saudi Arabia. Appl. Therm. Eng. 24, 525-538.
31. Ediger, V.S., Camdali, U., 2007. Energy and exergy efficiencies in Turkish transportation sector, 1988-2004. Energy Pol. 35, 1238-1244.
32. Ertesvag, I.S., 2001. Society exergy analysis: a comparison of different societies. Energy 26, 253-270.
33. Ertesvag, I.S., 2005. Energy, exergy, and extended-exergy analysis of the Norwegian society 2000. Energy 30, 649-675.
34. Ertesvag, I.S., Mielnik, M., 2001. Exergy analysis of the Norwegian society. Energy 25, 957-973.
35. European Commission Environmental Department, 2006. A Study to Examine the Benefits of the End of Life Vehicles Directive and the Costs and Benefits of a Revision of the 2015 Targets for Recycling, Re-use and Recovery Under the ELV Directive 2006. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/elv-index.htm (Accessed June 2011).
36. EVD Internationaal Ondernemen, 2008. Market Survey Turkey - Environment. www.tulipconsultancy.com/?download/1 (Accessed July 2011).
37. Federici, M., Ulgiati, S., Verdesca, D., Basosi, R., 2003. Efficiency and sustainability indicators for passenger and commodities transportation system: the case of Siena, Italy. Ecol. Indic. 3, 155-169.
38. Ferrao, P., Amaral, J., 2006. Assessing the economics of auto recycling activities in relation to European Union Directive on end of life vehicles. Technol. Forecast Soc. 73, 277-289.
39. Ferrao, P., Ribeiro, P., Silva, P., 2008. A management system for end-of-life tyres: a Portuguese case study. Waste Manage. 28, 604-614.
40. Finnveden, G., Moberg, A., 2005. Environmental systems analysis tools - an overview. J. Clean. Prod. 13, 1165-1173.
41. Gaggioli, R.A., Wepfer, W.J., 1980. Exergy economics. Energy 5, 823-838.
42. Galle, M., Agar, D.W., Watzenberger, O., 2001. Thermal N2O decomposition in regenerative heat exchanger reactors. Chem. Eng. Sci. 56, 1587-1595.
43. Gasparatos, A., El-Haram, M., Horner, M., 2009. Assessing the sustainability of the UK society using thermodynamic concepts: part 2. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 13, 1074-1081.
44. Giannouli, M., Haan, P., Keller, M., Samaras, Z., 2007. Waste from road transport: development of a model to predict waste from end-of-life and operation phases of road vehicles in Europe. J. Clean. Prod. 15, 1169-1182.
45. Gupta, H., Iyer, M., Sakadjian, B., Fan, L.S., 2010. CO2 Separation from Flue Gas by the Carbonation and Calcination of Metal Oxides, Ohio Coal Research Consortium. Project Report. http://www.ohiocoal.org/projects (Accessed July 2010).
46. Hepbasli, A., Utlu, Z., 2004. Evaluating the energy utilization efficiency of Turkey's renewable energy sources during 2001. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 8, 237-255.
47. Hermann, W.A., 2006. Quantifying global exergy resources. Energy 31, 1685-1702.
48. Herva, M., Franco, A., Carrasco, E.F., Roca, E., 2011. Review of corporate environmental indicators. J. Clean. Prod. 19, 1687-1699.
49. Hughes, R.W., Lu, D.Y., Anthony, E.J., Macchi, A., 2005. Design, process simulation and construction of an atmospheric dual fluidized bed combustion system for in situ CO2 capture using high-temperature sorbents. Fuel Proc. Technol. 86, 1523-1531.
50. IEA (International EnergyAgency),2008. Energy Statistics ofOECDCountries. IEA, Paris.
51. Ileri, A., Gurer, T., 1998. Energy and exergy utilization in Turkey during 1995. Energy 23, 1099-1106.
52. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, 2006a. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Chapter 3: Mobile Combustion. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2-Volume2/V2-3- Ch3-Mobile-Combustion.pdf (Accessed December 2011).
53. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, 2006b. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Chapter 2: Stationary Combustion. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2-Volume2/V2-2- Ch2Stationary-Combustion.pdf (Accessed December 2011).
54. Jaber, J.O., Al-Ghandoor, A., Sawalha, S.A., 2008. Energy analysis and exergy utilization in the transportation sector of Jordan. Energy Pol. 36, 2995-3000.
55. Ji, X., Chen, G.Q., 2006. Exergy analysis of energy utilization in the transportation sector in China. Energy Pol. 34, 1709-1719.
56. Ji, X., Chen, G.Q., Chen, B., Jiang, M.M., 2009. Exergy-based assessment for waste gas emissions from Chinese transportation. Energy Pol. 37, 2231-2240.
57. Johnson, A., 2010. A Discussion of Natural Gas Pipeline System Efficiency. http://www.gaselectricpartnership.com/BBPipeline%20Efficiency%20ATJ. pdf (Accessed January 2011).
58. Koroneos, C.J., Nanaki, E.A., 2007. Environmental assessment of the Greek transport sector. Energy Pol. 35, 5422-5432.
59. Koroneos, C.J., Nanaki, E.A., 2008. Energy and exergy utilization assessment of the Greek transport sector. Resour. Conserv. Recycling 52, 700-706.
60. MacKenzie, A., Granatstein, D.L., Anthony, E.J., Abanades, J.C., 2007. Economics of CO2 capture using the calcium cycle with a pressurized fluidized bed combustor. Energy Fuels 21, 920-926.
61. Mahashabde, A., Wolfe, P., Ashok, A., Dorbian, C., He, Q., Fan, A., et al., 2011. Assessing the environmental impacts of aircraft noise and emissions. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 47, 15-52.
62. MAN Motor Company, 2007. http://www.ingenierosnavales.com/ DOCUMENTACIONFOROS/3244%20CRCartagena-AINE-3.pdf.
63. Milia, D., Sciubba, E., 2006. Exergy-based lumped simulation of complex systems: an interactive analysis tool. Energy 31, 100-111.
64. Nakicenovic, N., Gilli, P.V., Kurz, R., 1996. Regional and global exergy and energy efficiencies. Energy 21, 323-337.
65. Nielsen, S.N., 2007. What has modern ecosystem theory to offer to cleaner production, industrial ecology and society? The views of an ecologist. J. Clean. Prod. 15, 1639-1653.
66. OSD (Turkish Automotive Manufacturers Association), 2009. Transportation in World and Turkey 2007. http://www.osd.org.tr/2007dunyavetrkyepark.pdf (Accessed June 2011).
67. Ozdogan, S., Arikol, M., 1995. Energy and exergy analyses of selected Turkish industries. Energy 20, 73-80.
68. Pehlken, A., Essadiqi, E., 2005. Scrap Tire Recycling in Canada. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca.minerals-metals/files/pdf/mms-smm/ busi-indu/radrad/ pdf/scr-tir-rec-peh-eng.pdf (Accessed June 2011).
69. Poschl, M., Ward, S., Owende, P., 2010. Evaluation of energy efficiency of various biogas production and utilization pathways. Appl. Energy 87, 3305-3321.
70. Pro, B.H., Hammerschlag, R., Mazza, P., 2005. Energy and land use impacts of sustainable transportation scenarios. J. Clean. Prod. 13, 1309-1319.
71. Reisemann, S.G., 2008. What is resource consumption and how can it be measured? J. Ind. Ecol. 12, 10-25.
72. Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, General Directory of Public Accounts, 2008. Statistics (in Turkish). www.muhasebat.gov.tr (Accessed September 2010).
73. Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, State Personnel Presidency, 2010. General Balance of Public Sector (in Turkish). http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/ekonomi/ rip/tr/ kamu-kesimi-genel-dengesi.pdf (Accessed September 2010).
74. Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, State Personnel Presidency, 2008. Statistics of Workers Distribution in Government (in Turkish). http://www.dpb.gov.tr/spp- statics.html (Accessed December 2010).
75. Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry, Undersecretariat of Treasury, 2009. Statistics. http://www.hazine.gov.tr/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget= navurl://ca8a5b252efea63752b1cb4-1cc81997&InitialNodeFirstLevel=true (Accessed September 2010).
76. Rigamonti, L., Grosso, M., Giugliano, M., 2009. Life cycle assessment for optimising the level of separated collection in integrated MSW management systems. Waste Manag. 29, 934-944.
77. Rodrigue, J.P., 2010. Transportation and Economic Development. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch7en/conc7en/ch7c1en.html (Accessed June 2011).
78. Romeo, L.M., Uson, S., Valero, A., Escosa, J.M., 2010. Exergy analysis as a tool for the integration of very complex energy systems: the case of carbonation/ calcination CO2 systems in existing coal power plants. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con. 4, 647-654.
79. Rosen, M.A., 1992. Evaluation of energy utilization efficiency in Canada using energy and exergy analyses. Energy 17, 339-350.
80. Rosen, M.A., 2008. Allocating carbon dioxide emissions from cogeneration systems: descriptions of selected output-based methods. J. Clean. Prod. 16, 171-177.
81. Rosen, M.A., 2009. Indicators for the environmental impact of waste emissions: comparison of exergyand other indicators. Trans. Can. Soc.Mech. Eng. 33,145-160.
82. Roth, A., Kaberger, T., 2002. Making transport systems sustainable. J. Clean. Prod. 10, 361-371.
83. Saidur, R., Sattar, M.A., Masjuki, H.H., Ahmed, S., Hashim, U., 2007. An estimation of the energy and exergy efficiencies for the energy resources consumption in the transportation sector in Malaysia. Energy Pol. 35, 4018-4026.
84. Schaeffer, R., Wirtschafter, R.M., 1992. An exergy analysis of the Brazilian economy: from energy production to final energy use. Energy 17, 841-855.
85. Schaeffer, R.M., 1992. An exergy analysis for the Brazilian economy: from energy production to final energy use. Energy 17, 841-855.
86. Sciubba, E., 1999. Extended exergy accounting: towards an exergetic theory of value. In: Proceedings of the ECOS '99, Tokyo, Japan.
87. Sciubba, E., 2001. Beyond thermo-economics? The concept of extended exergy accounting and its application to the analysis and design of thermal systems. Int. J. Exergy 1, 68-84.
88. Sciubba, E., 2003a. Cost analysis of energy conversion systems via a novel resourcebased quantifier. Energy 28, 457-477.
89. Sciubba, E., 2003b. Extended exergy accounting applied to energy recovery from waste: The concept of total recycling. Energy 28, 1315-1334.
90. Sciubba, E., 2005. Exergo-economics: thermodynamic foundation for a more rational resource use. Int. J. Energy Res. 29, 613-636.
91. Sciubba, E., 2009. Exergy-based ecological indicators: a necessary tool for resource use assessment studies. In: Keynote address to IEEES 2009, A.U.S./UAE, Sharjah.
92. Sciubba, E., 2011. A revised calculation of the econometric factors a and b for the Extended Exergy Accounting method. Ecol. Model. 222, 1060-1066.
93. Sciubba, E., Bastianoni, S., Tiezzi, E., 2008. Exergy and extended exergy accounting of very large complex systems with an application to the province of Siena, Italy. J. Environ. Manage. 86, 372-382.
94. Seager, T.P., Theis, T.L., 2002. A uniform definition and quantitative basis for industrial ecology. J. Clean. Prod. 10, 225-235.
95. Shimizu, T., Hirama, T., Hosoda, H., Kitano, K., Inagaki, M.,1999.Atwin fluid-bed reactor for removal of CO2 from combustion processes. Trans. I Chem. E. 77, 62-68.
96. Shulman, V.L., 2009. Tyre Recycling in the European Union. http://www.eng-forum.com/RecShow/Abstracts/tyre-recycling.htm (Accessed July 2011).
97. Smith, A., Brown, K., Ogilvie, S., Rushton, K., Bates, J., 2001.WasteManagementOptions and Climate Change: European Commission Final Report. http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/waste/studies/pdf/climate-change.pdf (Accessed June 2011).
98. Soylu, S., 2007. Estimation of Turkish road transport emissions. Energy Pol. 35, 4088-4094.
99. Steg, L., Gifford, R., 2005. Sustainable transportation and quality of life. J. Transport Geogr. 13, 59-69.
100. Szargut, J., 1987. Analysis of cumulative exergy consumption. Int. J. Energy Res. 11, 541-547.
101. Szargut, J., Morris, D.R., Steward, F.R., 1988. Exergy Analysis of Thermal, Chemical and Metallurgical Processes. Hemisphere Publ. Corp, New York.
102. The World Bank, 2003. Sustainable Transport - Priorities for Policy Reform. http:// www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP (Accessed June 2011).
103. Turkish Republic Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, 2007. Energy Balance Table of Turkey (2006). http://www.enerji.gov.tr/index.php?dil= tr&sf=webpages&b=y-istatistik&bn=244&hn=244&id=398 (Accessed March 2011).
104. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2007. Household Labour Force Statistics 2006. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
105. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2008a. Financial Intermediary Institution Statistics 2006. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
106. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2008b. Transportation Statistics-Number of Road Motor Vehicles Erased Traffic in a Year According to Classification of Statistical Region Units Level 1. www.turkstat.gov.tr (Accessed January 2011).
107. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2009a. Annual Industry and Service Statistics 2006. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
108. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2009b. Labour Cost Survey 2004-2008. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
109. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2010a. Economic Indicators 2009. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
110. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2010b. Statistical Indicators 1923-2007. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
111. Turkstat (Turkish Statistical Institute), 2010c. Summary of Statistics on Transportation 2009. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
112. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2001. The Role of the Transport Sector in Environmental Protection. http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd9-bp15.pdf (Accessed June 2011).
113. Utlu, Z., Hepbasli, A., 2003. A study on the evaluation of energy utilization efficiency in the Turkish residentialecommercial sector using energy and exergy analyses. Energ. Buildings 35, 1145-1153.
114. Utlu, Z., Hepbasli, A., 2004a. Comparison of Turkey's sectoral energy utilization efficiencies between 1990 and 2000: part 1.Utility and industrial sectors. Energ. Source. 26, 1345-1355.
115. Utlu, Z., Hepbasli, A., 2004b. Turkey's sectoral energy and exergy analysis between 1999 and 2000. Int. J. Energ. Res. 28, 1176-1191.
116. Utlu, Z., Hepbasli, A., 2006. Assessment of the energy utilization efficiency in the Turkish transportation sector between 2000 and 2020 using energy and exergy analysis method. Energy Pol. 34, 1611-1618.
117. Valero, A., 1995. Thermoeconomics: the meeting point of thermodynamics, economics and ecology. Proceedings of the Second Law Analysis of Energy Systems: towards the 21st Century, CIRCUS, Roma.
118. Valero, A., Lozano, M.A., 1997. An introduction of thermoeconomics. In: Boehm, R.F. (Ed.), Developments in the Design of Thermal Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
119. VW Motor Group, 2008. Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions. http://www.volkspage.net/technik/ssp/ssp/SSP-230.pdf (Accessed June 2010).
120. Wall, G., 1987. Exergy conversion in the Swedish society. Resour. Energ. 9, 55-73.
121. Wall, G., 1990. Exergy conversion in the Japanese society. Energy 15, 435-444.
122. Wall, G., 1991. Exergy Conversion in the Finnish, Japanese and Swedish Societies. Report. Turku School of Economics, Turku, Finland.
123. Wall, G., Sciubba, E., Naso, V., 1994. Exergy use in the Italian society. Energy 19, 1267-1274.
124. WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development), 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford University Press, New York.
125. Woodyard, D., 2004. Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines, Chapter: Exhaust Emissions and Control. Elsevier, New York.
126. Zhang, M., Li, G., Mu, H.L., Ning, Y.D., 2011. Energy and exergy efficiencies in the Chinese transportation sector, 1980-2009. Energy 36, 770-776.
127. Zhu, P., Feng, X., Shen, R.J., 2005. An extension to the cumulative exergy consumption applied to environmental impact analysis of industrial processes. Proc. Saf. Environ. 83, 257-261.