Tolerability and safety profile of risperidone in a sample of children and adolescents

International Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 177-183

  Margari, Lucia ^a   Matera, Emilia ^a   Craig, Francesco ^a   Petruzzelli, Maria G ^a   Palmieri, Vincenzo O ^b   Pastore, Adriana ^a   Margari, Francesco ^a  

^a POLICLINICO   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

body mass index; hyperprolactinaemia; metabolic parameters; risperidone; weight gain

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; LIOTHYRONINE; PROLACTIN; RISPERIDONE; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY; THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ADOLESCENT DISEASE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; AUTISM; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EARLY ONSENT SCHIZOPHRENIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FREE LIOTHYRONINE INDEX; GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; LIOTHYRONINE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL; QT INTERVAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHOOL CHILD; SIDE EFFECT; THYROGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; THYROXINE BLOOD LEVEL; TIC; TREATMENT DURATION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS, PERVASIVE; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS; DRUG MONITORING; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; PROLACTIN; RISPERIDONE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; TIC DISORDERS; UP-REGULATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84879959822     PISSN: 02681315     EISSN: 14735857     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e328362497b     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Achenbach TM, Howell CT, Quay HC, Conners CK (1991). National survey of problems and competencies among four-to sixteen-year-olds: parents' reports for normative and clinical samples. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 56:1-131.
2. Acquaviva E, Legleye S, Auleley GR, Deligne J, Carel D, Falissard BB (2009). Psychotropic medication in the French child and adolescent population: prevalence estimation from health insurance data and national self-report survey data. BMC Psychiatry 9:72.
3. Aman MG, De Smedt G, Derivan A, Lyons B, Findling RL (2002). Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behaviors in children with subaverage intelligence. Am J Psychiatry 159:1337-1346. (Pubitemid 34832715)
4. Ben Amor L (2012). Antipsychotics in pediatric and adolescent patients: a review of comparative safety data. J Affect Disord 138 (Suppl):S22-S30.
5. Berinder K, Nystrom T, Hoybye C, Hall K, Hulting AL (2011). Insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in prolactinoma patients before and after normalization of prolactin by dopamine agonist therapy. Pituitary 14:199-207.
6. Buitelaar JK, van der Gaag RJ, Cohen-Kettenis P, Melman CT (2001). A randomized controlled trial of risperidone in the treatment of aggression in hospitalized adolescents with subaverage cognitive abilities. J Clin Psychiatry 62:239-248. (Pubitemid 32428762)
7. Calarge CA, Acion L, Kuperman S, Tansey M, Schlechte JA (2009). Weight gain and metabolic abnormalities during extended risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19:101-109.
8. Cascade E, Kalali A, Findling R (2009). Use of antipsychotics in children. Psychiatry 6:21-23.
9. Castro-Fornieles J, Parellada M, Soutullo CA, Baeza I, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Graell M, et al. (2008). Antipsychotic treatment in child and adolescent first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal naturalistic approach. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:327-336.
10. Cohen D, Bonnot O, Bodeau N, Consoli A, Laurent C (2012). Adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents: a Bayesian meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32:309-316.
11. Correll CU (2008). Monitoring and management of antipsychotic-related metabolic and endocrine adverse events in pediatric patients. Int Rev Psychiatry 20:195-201. (Pubitemid 351489515)
12. Correll CU, Manu P, Olshanskiy V, Napolitano B, Kane JM, Malhotra AK (2009). Cardiometabolic risk of second-generation antipsychotic medications during first-time use in children and adolescents. JAMA 302:1765-1773.
13. Correll CU (2011). Safety and tolerability of antipsychotic treatment in young patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 72:e26.
14. De Castro MJ, Fraguas D, Laita P, Moreno D, Parellada M, Pascual D, et al. (2008). QTc changes after 6 months of second-generation antipsychotic treatment in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:381-383.
15. De Hoogd S, Overbeek WA, Heerdink ER, Correll CU, de Graeff ER, Staal WG (2012). Differences in body mass index z-scores and weight status in a Dutch pediatric psychiatric population with and without use of second-generation antipsychotics. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 22:166-173.
16. Desousa A (2010). An open-label trial of risperidone and fluoxetine in children with autistic disorder. Indian J Psychol Med 32:17-21.
17. Domino ME, Swartz MS (2008). Who are the new users of antipsychotic medications? Psychiatr Serv 59:507-514.
18. Ercan ES, Basay BK, Basay O, Durak S, Ozbaran B (2011). Risperidone in the treatment of conduct disorder in preschool children without intellectual disability. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 5:10.
19. Erdogan A, Atasoy N, Akkurt H, Ozturk D, Karaahmet E, Yalug I, et al. (2008). Risperidone and liver function tests in children and adolescents: a short-term prospective study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32: 849-857. (Pubitemid 351312386)
20. Erem C, Kocak M, Nuhoglu I, Yilmaz M, Ucuncu O (2010). Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and lipid profile in patients with prolactinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 73:502-507.
21. Fraguas D, Merchan-Naranjo J, Laita P, Parellada M, Moreno D, Ruiz-Sancho A, et al. (2008). Metabolic and hormonal side effects in children and adolescents treated with second-generation antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 69:1166-1175. (Pubitemid 352031601)
22. Fraguas D, Correll CU, Merchan-Naranjo J, Rapado-Castro M, Parellada M, Moreno C, Arango C (2011). Efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with psychotic and bipolar spectrum disorders: comprehensive review of prospective head-to-head and placebo-controlled comparisons. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21:621-645.
23. Goeb JL, Marco S, Duhamel A, Jardri R, Kechid G, Bordet R, et al. (2008). Metabolic side effects of risperidone in children and adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 10: 486-487.
24. Goeb JL, Marco S, Duhamel A, Kechid G, Bordet R, Thomas P, et al. (2010). Metabolic side effects of risperidone in early onset schizophrenia. Encephale 36:242-252.
25. Greenman Y, Tordjman K, Stern N (1998). Increased body weight associated with prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas: weight loss with normalization of prolactin levels. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 48:547-553. (Pubitemid 28252990)
26. Haas M, Unis AS, Armenteros J, Copenhaver MD, Quiroz JA, Kushner SF (2009). A 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of risperidone in adolescents with schizophrenia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19:611-621.
27. Ho J, Panagiotopoulos C, McCrindle B, Grisaru S, Pringsheim T (2011). Management recommendations for metabolic complications associated with second generation antipsychotic use in children and youth. J Can Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry 20:234-241.
28. Hsia HH, Lin D, Sauer WH, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE (2009). Relationship of late potentials to the ventricular tachycardia circuit defined by entrainment. J Interv Cardiac Electrophysiol 26:21-29.
29. Karaman MG, Erdogan A, Tufan E, Yurteri N, Ozdemir E, Ankarali H (2011). Liver function tests in children and adolescents receiving risperidone treatment for a year: a longitudinal, observational study from Turkey. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 15:204-208.
30. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age childrenpresent and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:980-988. (Pubitemid 27272932)
31. Luby J, Mrakotsky C, Stalets MM, Belden A, Heffelfinger A, Williams M, Spitznagel E (2006). Risperidone in preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders: an investigation of safety and efficacy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16:575-587. (Pubitemid 44737212)
32. Maayan L, Correll CU (2011). Weight gain and metabolic risks associated with antipsychotic medications in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 21:517-535.
33. Maayan LA, Vakhrusheva J (2010). Risperidone associated weight, leptin, and anthropometric changes in children and adolescents with psychotic disorders in early treatment. Hum Psychopharmacol 25:133-138.
34. Marsanic VB, Dodig-Curkovic K, Juretic Z (2012). Outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs in Croatia. Nord J Psychiatry 66:2-7.
35. McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, Cronin P, Hong D, Aman MG, et al. (2002). Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 347:314-321. (Pubitemid 34815353)
36. Melkersson K, Berinder K, Hulting AL (2011). Effect of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia on anthropometric measures, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 32:428-436.
37. Miral S, Gencer O, Inal-Emiroglu FN, Baykara B, Baykara A, Dirik E (2008). Risperidone versus haloperidol in children and adolescents with AD: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:1-8.
38. Mozes T, Ebert T, Michal SE, Spivak B,Weizman A (2006). An open-label randomized comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of childhood-onset schizophrenia. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16:393-403. (Pubitemid 44681460)
39. Nahshoni E, Spitzer S, Berant M, Shoval G, Zalsman G,Weizman A (2007). QT interval and dispersion in very young children treated with antipsychotic drugs: a retrospective chart review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 17:187-194. (Pubitemid 46828914)
40. Olgun H, Sepetcigil O, Karacan M, Ceviz N (2009). An unreported side effect of risperidone in children: sinus arrest with long pauses causing syncope. Pediatr Emerg Care 25:465-466.
41. Overbeek WA, de Vroede MA, Lahuis BE, Hillegers MH, de Graeff-Meeder ER (2010). Antipsychotics and metabolic abnormalities in children and adolescents: a review of the literature and some recommendations. Tijdschr Psychiatr 52:311-320.
42. Pae CU, Lim HK, Kim TS, Kim JJ, Lee CU, Lee SJ, et al. (2005). Naturalistic observation on the hepatic enzyme changes in patients treated with either risperidone or olanzapine alone. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 20:173-176.
43. Panagiotopoulos C, Ronsley R, Kuzeljevic B, Davidson J (2012). Waist circumference is a sensitive screening tool for assessment of metabolic syndrome risk in children treated with second-generation antipsychotics. Can J Psychiatry 57:34-44.
44. Pringsheim T, Lam D, Ching H, Patten S (2011a). Metabolic and neurological complications of second-generation antipsychotic use in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Drug Saf 34:651-668.
45. Pringsheim T, Panagiotopoulos C, Davidson J, Ho J (2011b). Evidence-based recommendations for monitoring safety of second generation antipsychotics in children and youth. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:218-233.
46. Pringsheim T, Panagiotopoulos P, Davidson J, Ho J (2011c). Evidence-based recommendations for monitoring safety of second-generation antipsychotics in children and youth. J Paediatr Child Health 16:581-589.
47. Raj SR, Stein CM, Saavedra PJ, Roden DM (2009). Cardiovascular effects of noncardiovascular drugs. Circulation 120:1123-1132.
48. Rani F, Murray ML, Byrne PJ, Wong IC (2008). Epidemiologic features of antipsychotic prescribing to children and adolescents in primary care in the United Kingdom. Pediatrics 121:1002-1009.
49. Ravindran AV, Bradbury C, McKay M, da Silva TL (2007). Novel uses for risperidone: focus on depressive, anxiety and behavioral disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 8:1693-1710. (Pubitemid 47288176)
50. Reyes M, Buitelaar J, Toren P, Augustyns I, Eerdekens M (2006). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone maintenance treatment in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. Am J Psychiatry 163:402-410. (Pubitemid 44469381)
51. Roke Y, van Harten PN, Boot AM, Buitelaar JK (2009). 'Antipsychotic medication in children and adolescents: a descriptive review of the effects on prolactin level and associated side effects'. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19:403-414.
52. Rosenbloom AL (2010). Hyperprolactinemia with antipsychotic drugs in children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2010:. doi: 10.1155/2010/159402.
53. Schmid C, Goede DL, Hauser RS, Brandle M (2006). Increased prevalence of high body mass index in patients presenting with pituitary tumours: severe obesity in patients with macroprolactinoma. Swiss Med Wkly 136 (15-16):254-258.
54. Seida JC, Schouten JR, Mousavi SS, Hamm M, Beaith A, Vandermeer B, et al. (2012). First-and second-generation antipsychotics for children and young adults. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
55. Sikich L, Hamer RM, Bashford RA, Sheitman BB, Lieberman JA (2004). A pilot study of risperidone, olanzapine, and haloperidol in psychotic youth: a double-blind, randomized, 8-week trial'. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 133-145. (Pubitemid 38068023)
56. Snyder R, Turgay A, Aman M, Binder C, Fisman S, Carroll A (2002). Effects of risperidone on conduct and disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:1026-1036. (Pubitemid 38338050)
57. Swadi HS, Craig BJ, Pirwani NZ, Black VC, Buchan JC, Bobier CM (2010). A trial of quetiapine compared with risperidone in the treatment of first onset psychosis among 15-to 18-year-old adolescents. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 25:1-6.
58. Szigethy E, Wiznitzer M, Branicky LA, Maxwell K, Findling RL (1999). Risperidone-induced hepatotoxicity in children and adolescents? A chart review study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 9:93-98. (Pubitemid 29379845)
59. Troost PW, Lahuis BE, Hermans MH, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H, Scahill L, et al. (2007). Prolactin release in children treated with risperidone: impact and role of CYP2D6 metabolism. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:52-57. (Pubitemid 46105764)
60. Verdoux H, Cougnard A, Auleley GR, Deligne J, Blum-Boisgard C, Begaud B, Tournier M (2010). Antipsychotic use patterns in persons initially treated with mood stabilizers: a naturalistic study. Pharmacopsychiatry 43:17-23.
61. Verdoux H, Tournier M, Begaud B (2010). Antipsychotic prescribing trends: a review of pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121: 4-10.
62. Watanabe J, Suzuki Y, Fukui N, Ono S, Sugai T, Tsuneyama N, Someya T (2012). Increased risk of antipsychotic-related QT prolongation during nighttime: a 24-hour holter electrocardiogram recording study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32:18-22.
63. Winterfeld U, Le Heuzey MF, Acquaviva E, Mouren MC, Brion F, Bourdon O (2009). Off-label use of psychotropic medications in pediatric wards: a prospective study. Arch Pediatr 16:1252-1260.
64. Zito JM, Safer DJ, de Jong-van den Berg LTW, Janhsen K, Fegert JM, Gardner JF, et al. (2008). A three-country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2:26.