Secondary organic aerosol formation from idling gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 13, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 6101-6116

  Nordin, E Z ^a   Eriksson, A C ^a   Roldin, P ^a   Nilsson, P T ^a   Carlsson, J E ^a   Kajos, M K ^b   Hellen H ^c   Wittbom, C ^a   Rissler, J ^a   Londahl J ^a   Swietlicki, E ^a   Svenningsson, B ^a   Bohgard, M ^a   Kulmala, M ^a,b   Hallquist, M ^d   Pagels, J H ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^c FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AEROSOL FORMATION; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOOXIDATION; TRAFFIC EMISSION;

EID: 84879924477     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-6101-2013     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aiken A. C.,Decarlo P. F.,Kroll J. H.,Worsnop D. R.,Huffman J. A.,Docherty K. S.,Ulbrich I. M.,Mohr C.,Kimmel J. R.,Sueper D.,Sun Y.,Zhang Q.,Trimborn A.,Northway M.,Ziemann P. J.,Canagaratna M. R.,Onasch T. B.,Alfarra M. R.,Prevot A. S. H.,Dommen, J. Duplissy, J. Metzger, A. Baltensperger, U. Jimenez J L.: O/C and OM/OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol, 42, 4478-4485, 2008. (Pubitemid 351842394)
2. Bahreini R.,Middlebrook A. M.,de Gouw J. A.,Warneke C.,Trainer M.,Brock C. A.,Stark H.,Brown S. S.,Dube W. P.,Gilman J. B.,Hall K.,Holloway J. S.,Kuster W. C.Perring A. E.,Prevot A. S. H.,Schwarz J. P.,Spackman J. R.,Szidat S.,Wagner N. L.,Weber R. J.,Zotter P.,Parrish D. D.: Gasoline emissions dominate over diesel in formation of secondary organic aerosol mass, Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, L06805, doi:10.1029/2011GL050718, 2012.
3. Bruehlmann S.,Novak P.,Lienemann P.,Trottmann M.,Gfeller U.,Zwicky C. N.,Bommer B.,Huber H.,Wolfensberger M.,Heeb N, V.: Three-way-catalyst induced benzene formation: A precursor study, Appl. Catal. B-Environ, 70, 276-283, 2007. (Pubitemid 44960762)
4. Carter W. P. L.,Cocker D. R.,Fitz D. R.,Malkina I. L.,Bumiller K.,Sauer C. G.,Pisano J. T.,Bufalino C.,Song C.: A new environmental, chamber for evaluation of gas-phase chemical mechanisms and secondary aerosol formation, Atmos. Environ, 39, 7768-7788, 2005.
5. Chan, A. W. H., Kautzman, K. E., Chhabra, P. S., Surratt, J. D., Chan, M. N., Crounse, J. D., K̈urten, A., Wennberg, P. O., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes: implications for oxidation of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3049-3060, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3049-2009, 2009.
6. Chhabra, P. S., Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Corrigan, A. L., Russell, L. M.,Worsnop, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental composition and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8827-8845, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011, 2011.
7. Chirico, R., DeCarlo, P. F., Heringa, M. F., Tritscher, T., Richter, R., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Dommen, J., Weingartner, E., Wehrle, G., Gysel, M., Laborde, M., and Baltensperger, U.: Impact of aftertreatment devices on primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from in-use diesel vehicles: results from smog chamber experiments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11545-11563, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11545-2010, 2010.
8. Clairotte M.,Adam T. W.,Zardini A. A.,Manfredi U.,Martini G.,Krasenbrink A.,Vicet A.,Tournie E.,Astorga C.: Effects of low temperature on the cold start gaseous emissions from light duty vehicles fuelled by ethanol-blended gasoline Appl. Energ, 102, 44-54, 2013.
9. Cocker, D. R., Mader, B. T., Kalberer, M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H. The effect of water on gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems, Atmos. Environ., 35, 6073-6085, 2001. (Pubitemid 33041386)
10. de Gouw J.,Jimenez J. L.: Organic Aerosols in the Earth's Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol, 43, 7614-7618, 2009.
11. de Gouw J., Warneke C., Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earths atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev, 26, 223-257, 2007 (Pubitemid 46491712)
12. de Gouw, J. A., Brock, C. A., Atlas, E. L., Bates, T. S., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Goldan, P. D., Holloway, J. S., Kuster, W. C., Lerner, B. M., Matthew, B. M., Middlebrook, A. M., Onasch, T. B., Peltier, R. E., Quinn, P. K., Senff, C. J., Stohl, A., Sullivan, A. P., Trainer, M., Warneke, C., Weber, R. J., and Williams, E. J.: Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D08301, doi:10.1029/2007JD009243, 2008.
13. DeCarlo, P. F., Kimmel, J. R., Trimborn, A., Northway, M. J., Jayne, J. T., Aiken, A. C., Gonin, M., Fuhrer, K., Horvath, T., Docherty, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J. L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal Chem 78, 8281-8289, 2006. (Pubitemid 44927604)
14. Elghawi, U. M., Mayouf, A., Tsolakis, A., and Wyszynski, M. L.: Vapour-phase and particulate-bound PAHs profile generated by a (SI/HCCI) engine from a winter grade commercial gasoline fuel, Fuel 89, 2019-2025, 2010.
15. Gentner, D. R., Isaacman, G., Worton, D. R., Chan, A. W. H., Dallmann, T. R., Davis, L., Liu, S., Day, D. A., Russell, L. M., Wilson, K. R.,Weber, R., Guha, A., Harley, R. A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Elucidating secondary organic aerosol from diesel and gasoline vehicles through detailed characterization of organic carbon emissions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 18318-18323, 2012.
16. Gerboles M.,Lagler F.,Rembges D.,Brun C., Assessment of uncertainty of NO2 measurements by the chemiluminescence method and discussion of the quality objective of the NO2 European Directive, J. Environ. Monitor, 5, 529-540, 2003. (Pubitemid 36981196)
17. Grieshop A. P.,Donahue N. M.,Robinson A. L.: Laboratory investigation of photochemical oxidation of organic aerosol from wood fires 2: analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer data, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 9, 2227-2240, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2227-2009, 2009.
18. Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155-5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.
19. Heeb N. V.,Forss A. M.,Bruhlmann S.,Luscher R.,Saxer C. J.,Hug P.: Three-way catalyst-induced formation of ammoniavelocity-and acceleration- dependent emission factors Atmos. Environ, 40, 5986-5997, 2006. (Pubitemid 44301941)
20. Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., and Pandis, S. N.: High formation of secondary organic aerosol from the photo-oxidation of toluene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2973-2986, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2973-2009, 2009.
21. Jobson, B. T., Volkamer, R. A., Velasco, E., Allwine, G., Westberg, H., Lamb, B. K., Alexander, M. L., Berkowitz, C. M., and Molina, L. T.: Comparison of aromatic hydrocarbon measurements made by PTR-MS, DOAS and GC-FID during the MCMA 2003 Field Experiment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1989-2005, doi:10.5194/acp-10-1989-2010, 2010.
22. Kean A. J.,Littlejohn D.,Ban-Weiss G. A.,Harley R. A.,Kirchstetter T. W.,Lunden M. M., Trends in on-road vehicle emissions of ammonia, Atmos. Environ, 43, 1565-1570, 2009
23. Kirchstetter T. W.,Harley R. A.,Kreisberg N. M.,Stolzenburg M. R.,Hering S. V.: On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light-and heavy-duty motor vehicles, Atmos. Environ, 33, 2955-2968, 1999. (Pubitemid 29222770)
24. Kleindienst, T. E., Corse, E.W., Li,W., McIver, C. D., Conver, T. S., Edney, E. O., Driscoll, D. J., Speer, R. E., Weathers, W. S., and Tejada, S. B.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from the irradiation of simulated automobile exhaust, J AirWaste Manage., 52, 259-272, 2002. (Pubitemid 34219697)
25. Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol, Nat. Chem. 3, 133-139, 2011.
26. Legreid, G., Reimann, S., Steinbacher, M., Staehelin, J., Young, D., and Stemmler, K.: Measurements of OVOCs and NMHCs in a swiss highway tunnel for estimation of road transport emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 7060-7066, 2007. (Pubitemid 47585539)
27. Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: On-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of protontransfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)-Medical applications, food control and environmental research. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 173, 191-241, 1998.
28. L̈ondahl J.,Pagels J.,Boman C.,Swietlicki E.,Massling A.,Rissler J.,Blomberg A.,Bohgard M.,Sandstrom T.: Deposition of biomass combustion aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract Inhal. Toxicol, 20, 923-933, 2008.
29. McMurry, P. H. and Rader, D. J.: Aerosol Wall Losses in Electrically Charged Chambers, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 4, 249-268, 1985. (Pubitemid 15561853)
30. Miracolo M. A.,Presto A. A.,Lambe A. T.,Hennigan C. J.,Donahue N. M.,Kroll J. H.,Worsnop D. R.,Robinson A, L.: Photo-Oxidation of Low-Volatility Organics Found in Motor Vehicle Emissions: Production and Chemical Evolution of Organic Aerosol Mass, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 1638-1643, 2010.
31. Miracolo M. A.,Hennigan C. J.,Ranjan M.,Nguyen N. T.,Gordon T. D.,Lipsky E. M.,Presto A. A.,Donahue N. M.,Robinson A. L., Secondary aerosol formation from photochemical aging of aircraft exhaust in a smog chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4135-4147, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4135-2011, 2011.
32. Monks, P. S., Granier, C., Fuzzi, S., Stohl, A.,Williams, M. L., Akimoto, H., Amann, M., Baklanov, A., Baltensperger, U., Bey, I., Blake, N., Blake, R. S., Carslaw, K., Cooper, O. R., Dentener, F., Fowler, D., Fragkou, E., Frost, G. J., Generoso, S., Ginoux, P., Grewe, V., Guenther, A., Hansson, H. C., Henne, S., Hjorth, J., Hofzumahaus, A., Huntrieser, H., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jenkin, M. E., Kaiser, J., Kanakidou, M., Klimont, Z., Kulmala, M., Laj, P., Lawrence, M. G., Lee, J. D., Liousse, C., Maione, M., McFiggans, G., Metzger, A., Mieville, A., Moussiopoulos, N., Orlando, J. J., O'Dowd, C. D., Palmer, P. I., Parrish, D. D., Petzold, A., Platt, U., P̈oschl, U., Prevot, A. S. H., Reeves, C. E., Reimann, S., Rudich, Y., Sellegri, K., Steinbrecher, R., Simpson, D., ten Brink, H., Theloke, J., van derWerf, G. R., Vautard, R., Vestreng, V., Vlachokostas, C., and von Glasow, R.: Atmospheric composition change-global and regional air quality, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5268-5350, 2009.
33. Nawrot, T. S., Torfs, R., Fierens, F., De Henauw, S., Hoet, P. H., Van Kersschaever, G., De Backer, G., and Nemery, B.: Stronger associations between daily mortality and fine particulate air pollution in summer than in winter: evidence from a heavily polluted region in western Europe, J. Epidemiol, Commun. H 61, 146-149, 2007. (Pubitemid 46174222)
34. Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3909-3922, doi:10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47179570)
35. Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Tian, J., Ulbrich, I. M., Kroll, J. H., Docherty, K. S., Chhabra, P. S., Bahreini, R., Murphy, S. M., Seinfeld, J. H., Hildebrandt, L., Donahue, N. M., DeCarlo, P. F., Lanz, V. A., Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Worsnop, D. R.: Organic aerosol components observed in Northern Hemispheric datasets from Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4625-4641, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4625-2010, 2010.
36. Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T. P. W., Griffin, R. J., Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Aromatics, reformulated gasoline, and atmospheric organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1890-1897, 1997. (Pubitemid 27289718)
37. Onasch, T. B., Trimborn, A., Fortner, E. C., Jayne, J. T., Kok, G. L., Williams, L. R., Davidovits, P., and Worsnop, D. R.: Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer: Development, Validation, and Initial Application. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, 804-817, 2012.
38. Pagels, J., Khalizov, A. F., McMurry, P. H., and Zhang, R. Y.: Processing of Soot by Controlled Sulphuric Acid andWater Condensation Mass and Mobility Relationship. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 43, 629-640, 2009a.
39. Pagels, J., Wierbicka, A., Nilsson, E., Isaxon, C., Dahl, A., Gudmundsson, A., Swietlicki, E., and Bohgard, M.: Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 40, 193-208, 2009b.
40. Paulsen, D., Dommen, J., Kalberer, M., Prevot, A. S. H., Richter, R., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M.,Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Secondary organic aerosol formation by irradiation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene-NOx-H2O in a new reaction chamber for atmospheric chemistry and physics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2668-2678, 2005.
41. Platt, S. M., El Haddad, I., Zardini, A. A., Clairotte, M., Astorga, C., Wolf, R., Slowik, J. G., Temime-Roussel, B., Marchand, N., Je?zek, I., Drinovec, L., Mo?cnik, G., M̈ohler, O., Richter, R., Barmet, P., Bianchi, F., Baltensperger, U., and Pŕev̂ot, A. S. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle emissions in a new mobile environmental reaction chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 28343-28383, doi:10.5194/acpd-12- 28343-2012, 2012.
42. Presto A. A.,Hartz K. E. H.,Donahue N. M.: Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis 1. Effect of UV radiation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7036-7045, 2005. (Pubitemid 41339065)
43. Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M. K., Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Grieshop, A. P., Lane, T. E., Pierce, J. R., and Pandis, S. N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259-1262, 2007. (Pubitemid 46364260)
44. Samy, S. and Zielinska, B.: Secondary organic aerosol production from modern diesel engine emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 609-625, doi:10.5194/acp-10-609-2010, 2010.
45. Sato K.,Takami A.,Isozaki T.,Hikida T.,Shimono A.,Imamura T.: Mass spectrometric study of secondary organic aerosol formed from the photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons Atmos. Environ, 44, 1080-1087, 2010.
46. Schauer, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 5. C-1-C-32 organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1169-1180, 2002. (Pubitemid 34225939)
47. Schifter I.,Diaz L.,Rodriguez R.: Cold-start and chemical characterization of emissions from mobile sources in Mexico Environ. Technol, 31, 1241-1253, 2010.
48. Song, C., Na, K. S., and Cocker, D. R.: Impact of the hydrocarbon to NOx ratio on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3143-3149, 2005.
49. Song, C., Na, K., Warren, B., Malloy, Q., and Cocker, D. R.: Impact of propene on secondary organic aerosol formation from mxylene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6990-6995, 2007. (Pubitemid 47585529)
50. Taipale, R., Ruuskanen, T. M., Rinne, J., Kajos, M. K., Hakola, H., Pohja, T., and Kulmala, M.: Technical Note: Quantitative long-term measurements of VOC concentrations by PTR-MS-measurement, calibration, and volume mixing ratio calculation methods, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6681-6698, doi:10.5194/acp-8-6681-2008, 2008.
51. Weilenmann M.,Favez J. Y.,Alvarez R.: Cold-start emissions of modern passenger cars at different low ambient temperatures and their evolution over vehicle legislation categories Atmos. Environ, 43, 2419-2429, 2009.
52. Weitkamp, E. A., Sage, A. M., Pierce, J. R., Donahue, N. M., and Robinson, A. L.: Organic aerosol formation from photochemical oxidation of diesel exhaust in a smog chamber, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 6969-6975, 2007. (Pubitemid 47585526)
53. Zhang, R. Y., Khalizov, A. F., Pagels, J., Zhang, D., Xue, H. X., and McMurry, P. H.: Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of soot aerosols during atmospheric processing. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 10291-10296, 2008. Sciences and Spatial Planning FORMAS and Spatial Planning FORMAS Sciences and Spatial Planning FORMAS