Three-way catalyst-induced formation of ammonia-velocity- and acceleration-dependent emission factors

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 40, Issue 31, 2006, Pages 5986-5997

  Heeb, Norbert V ^a   Forss, Anna Maria ^b   Brühlmann, Stefan ^a   Lüscher, Roland ^b   Saxer, Christian J ^a   Hug, Paul ^a  

^a SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b Laboratory of IC Engines   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS); Conversion efficiency; Secondary pollutant; Time resolved exhaust gas analysis; Vehicle emissions

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; CATALYST ACTIVITY; CATALYSTS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITROGEN OXIDES; PALLADIUM; PARTICULATE EMISSIONS; PASSENGER CARS; RHODIUM; THERMAL EFFECTS;

CHEMICAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (CIMS); CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SECONDARY POLLUTANT; TIME-RESOLVED EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

AIR POLLUTION;

AMMONIA; NITRIC OXIDE;

ACCELERATION; AMMONIA; CATALYSIS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NITRIC OXIDE; POLLUTION MONITORING; TRAFFIC EMISSION; VELOCITY;

ACCELERATION; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; CATALYST; COMBUSTION; EXHAUST GAS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TEMPERATURE; VELOCITY;

EID: 33744784114     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.035     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anderson N., Strader R., and Davidson C. Airborne reduced nitrogen: ammonia emissions from agriculture and other sources. Environment International 29 (2003) 277-286
2. Barbier J., and Duprez D. Steam effects in three-way catalysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 4 (1994) 105-140
3. Battye W., Aneja V.P., and Roelle P.A. Evaluation and improvement of ammonia emissions inventories. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 3873-3883
4. Baum M.M., Kiyomiya E.S., Kumar S., and Lappas A.M. Multicomponent remote sensing of vehicle exhaust by dispersive absorption spectroscopy. 1. Effect of fuel type and catalyst performance. Environmental Science and Technology 34 (2000) 2851-2858
5. Bouwman A.F., Lee D.S., Asman W.A.H., Dentener F.J., VanderHoek K.W., and Olivier J.G.J. A global high-resolution emission inventory for ammonia. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 11 (1997) 561-587
6. Bouwman A.F., Van Vuuren D.P., Derwent R.G., and Posch M. A global analysis of acidification and eutrophication of terrestrial ecosystems. Water Air and Soil Pollution 141 (2002) 349-382
7. Bruehlmann S., Forss A.-M., Steffen D., and Heeb N.V. Benzene: a secondary pollutant formed in the three-way catalyst. Environmental Science and Technology 39 (2005) 331-338
8. Dentener F.J., and Crutzen P.J. A 3-dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 19 (1994) 331-369
9. Dockery D.W., and Pope C.A. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air-pollution. Annual Review of Public Health 15 (1994) 107-132
10. Durbin T.D., Wilson R.D., Norbeck J.M., Miller J.W., Huai T., and Rhee S.H. Estimates of the emission rates of ammonia from light-duty vehicles using standard chassis dynamometer test cycles. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 1475-1482
11. Emmenegger L., Mohn J., Sigrist M.W., Marinov D., Steinemann U., Zumsteg F., and Meier M. Measurement of ammonia emissions using various techniques in a comparative tunnel study. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 22 (2004) 326-341
12. Fraser M.P., and Cass G.R. Detection of excess ammonia emissions from in-use vehicles and the implications for fine particle control. Environmental Science and Technology 32 (1998) 1053-1057
13. 2-benzenes in automotive exhaust during transient engine operation with and without catalytic exhaust gas treatment. Atmospheric Environment 33 (1999) 205-215
14. 2-benzenes of a passenger car equipped with and without a regulated 3-way catalyst. Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 1123-1137
15. Heeb N.V., Forss A.-M., Bach C., and Schweizer T. Velocity-dependent benzene emission factors of three-way catalyst passenger cars and light duty vehicles from time-resolved exhaust gas analysis. International Journal of Vehicle Design 27 (2001) 296-305
16. Heeb N.V., Forss A.-M., and Weilenmann M. Pre- and post-catalyst-, fuel-, velocity- and acceleration-dependent benzene emission data of gasoline-driven EURO-2 passenger cars and light duty vehicles. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 4745-4756
17. Heeb N.V., Forss A.-M., Saxer C.J., and Wilhelm P. Methane, benzene and alkyl benzene cold start emission data of gasoline-driven passenger cars representing the vehicle technology of the last two decades. Atmospheric Environment 37 (2003) 5185-5195
18. 3 emissions from new technology vehicles as a function of vehicle operating conditions. Environmental Science and Technology 37 (2003) 4841-4847
19. Jost, P., Hassel, D., Weber, F.-J., Sonnborn, K.-S., 1992. Neuartige Methode zur Ermittlung von Emissionsfaktoren für NFZ. Tagungsband Abgasemissionen und Immissionen durch den Strassenverkehr, Mitteilungen des Instituts für VKM und Thermodynamik der TU-Graz Heft No. 64.
20. Kean A.J., Harley R.A., Littlejohn D., and Kandall G.R. On-road measurement of ammonia and other motor vehicle exhaust emissions. Environmental Science and Technology 34 (2000) 3535-3539
21. Moeckli M.A., Fierz M., and Sigrist M.W. Emission factors for ethene and ammonia from a tunnel study with a photoacoustic trace gas detection system. Environmental Science and Technology 30 (1996) 2864-2867
22. Mohn, J., Forss A.-M., Brühlmann S., Zeyer K., Lüscher R., Emmenegger L., Novak P., and Heeb N. Time-resolved ammonia measurement in vehicle exhaust. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 22 (2004) 342-356
23. Moya M., Grutter M., and Báez A. Diurnal variability of size-differentiated inorganic aerosols and their gas-phase precursors during January and February of 2003 near downtown Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 5651-5661
24. Perrino C., Catrambone M., Di Bucchianico A.D.M., and Allegrini I. Gaseous ammonia in the urban area of Rome, Italy and its relationship with traffic emissions. Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 5385-5394
25. Pierson W.R., and Brachaczek W.W. Emissions of ammonia and amines from vehicles on the road. Environmental Science and Technology 17 (1983) 757-760
26. Pope C.A., Burnett R.T., Thun M.J., Calle E.E., Krewski D., Ito K., and Thurston G.D. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association 287 (2002) 1132-1141
27. Saxer, C.J., Forss, A.-M., Heeb, N.V., 2002. Temperature-dependent methane, benzene and alkyl benzene cold start emissions of 3 conventional passenger cars (EURO-0). Proceedings of 11th Transport and Air Pollution Symposium. vol. 2, Graz, Austria, pp. 35-40.
28. Staehelin J., Keller C., Stahel W., Schläpfer K., Steinemann U., Bürgin T., and Schneider S. Modeling emission factors of road traffic from a tunnel study. Environmetrics 8 (1997) 219-239
29. Sutton M.A., Dragosits U., Tang Y.S., and Fowler D. Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK. Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 855-869
30. Tagliaferri S., Köppel R.A., and Baiker A. Influence of rhodium- and ceria-promotion of automotive palladium catalyst on its catalytic behavior under steady state and dynamic operation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 15 (1998) 159-177
31. Tarnay L., Gertler A.W., Blank R.R., and Taylor Jr. G.E. Preliminary measurements of summer nitric acid and ammonia concentrations in the Lake Tahoe Basin air-shed: implications for dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen. Environmental Pollution 113 (2001) 145-153
32. Villinger, J., Federer, W., Resch, R., Dornauer, A., Lubich, M., Sejkora, W., 1993. Rapid low energy secondary ion mass spectrometer for in-line analysis of gaseous compounds. SAE Technical Paper Series No. 932017, pp. 1-10.
33. Whittington B.I., Jiang C.J., and Trimm D.L. Vehicle exhaust catalysis: I. The relative importance of catalytic oxidation, steam reforming and water-gas shift reactions. Catalysis Today 26 (1995) 41-45