메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1100-1106

Contrast sensitivity basics and a critique of currently available tests

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; EYE DISEASE; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 84879692670     PISSN: 08863350     EISSN: 18734502     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.05.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (120)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0021707783 scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity and visual disability in chronic simple glaucoma
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J.E. Ross, A.J. Bron, and D.D. Clarke Contrast sensitivity and visual disability in chronic simple glaucoma Br J Ophthalmol 68 1984 821 827 Available at: http://bjo.bmj.com/content/68/11/821.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1984) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.68 , pp. 821-827
    • Ross, J.E.1    Bron, A.J.2    Clarke, D.D.3
  • 2
    • 0037363904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity and functional vision
    • A.P. Ginsburg Contrast sensitivity and functional vision Int Ophthalmol Clin 43 2 2003 5 15
    • (2003) Int Ophthalmol Clin , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-15
    • Ginsburg, A.P.1
  • 3
    • 78650168204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with glaucoma
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J. Richman, L.L. Lorenzana, D. Lankaranian, J. Dugar, J. Mayer, S.S. Wizov, and G.L. Spaeth Importance of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with glaucoma Arch Ophthalmol 128 2010 1576 1582 Available at: http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/data/Journals/OPHTH/6974/eeb05020-1576-1582.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2010) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.128 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Richman, J.1    Lorenzana, L.L.2    Lankaranian, D.3    Dugar, J.4    Mayer, J.5    Wizov, S.S.6    Spaeth, G.L.7
  • 4
    • 27744559551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • A.B. Watson, and A.J. Ahumada Jr. A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast J Vis 5 2005 717 740 Available at: http://www. journalofvision.org/content/5/9/6.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2005) J Vis , vol.5 , pp. 717-740
    • Watson, A.B.1    Ahumada Jr., A.J.2
  • 6
    • 0011921277 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the distance and near Vistech vision contrast test systems (VCTS)
    • G. Woo, and H. Bohnsack Comparison of the distance and near Vistech vision contrast test systems (VCTS) Can J Optom 48 1986 12 15
    • (1986) Can J Optom , vol.48 , pp. 12-15
    • Woo, G.1    Bohnsack, H.2
  • 7
    • 0017804023 scopus 로고
    • A simple grating test for contrast sensitivity: Preliminary results indicate value in screening for glaucoma
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • G.B. Arden, and J.J. Jacobson A simple grating test for contrast sensitivity: preliminary results indicate value in screening for glaucoma Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 17 1978 23 32 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/content/17/ 1/23.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1978) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.17 , pp. 23-32
    • Arden, G.B.1    Jacobson, J.J.2
  • 8
    • 0024336636 scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis measured by Cambridge Low Contrast Gratings: A useful clinical test?
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J. Fahy, D. Glynn, and M. Hutchinson Contrast sensitivity in multiple sclerosis measured by Cambridge Low Contrast Gratings: a useful clinical test? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52 1989 786 787 Available at: http://jnnp.bmj.com/ content/52/6/786.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 786-787
    • Fahy, J.1    Glynn, D.2    Hutchinson, M.3
  • 9
    • 0021255028 scopus 로고
    • A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart
    • A.P. Ginsburg A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart Am J Optom Physiol Opt 61 1984 403 407
    • (1984) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.61 , pp. 403-407
    • Ginsburg, A.P.1
  • 10
    • 0002723943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Next generation contrast sensitivity testing
    • B.P. Rosenthal, R.G. Cole, Mosby St Louis, MO
    • A.P. Ginsburg Next generation contrast sensitivity testing B.P. Rosenthal, R.G. Cole, Functional Assessment of Low Vision 1996 Mosby St Louis, MO 77 88
    • (1996) Functional Assessment of Low Vision , pp. 77-88
    • Ginsburg, A.P.1
  • 11
    • 0347125046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of Vistech and FACT contrast sensitivity charts for cataract and refractive surgery outcomes research
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • K. Pesudovs, C.A. Hazel, R.M.L. Doran, and D.B. Elliott The usefulness of Vistech and FACT contrast sensitivity charts for cataract and refractive surgery outcomes research Br J Ophthalmol 88 2004 11 16 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1771933/pdf/bjo08800011.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2004) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.88 , pp. 11-16
    • Pesudovs, K.1    Hazel, C.A.2    Doran, R.M.L.3    Elliott, D.B.4
  • 12
    • 0025339080 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the Vistech contrast sensitivity test for repeated-measures applications
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • R.S. Kennedy, and W.P. Dunlap Assessment of the Vistech contrast sensitivity test for repeated-measures applications Optom Vis Sci 67 1990 248 251 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Abstract/1990/04000/ Assessment-of-the-Vistech-Contrast-Sensitivity.3.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 248-251
    • Kennedy, R.S.1    Dunlap, W.P.2
  • 13
    • 0023948249 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and sensitivity of clinical contrast sensitivity tests
    • G.S. Rubin Reliability and sensitivity of clinical contrast sensitivity tests Clin Vis Sci 2 1987/88 169 177
    • (1987) Clin Vis Sci , vol.2 , pp. 169-177
    • Rubin, G.S.1
  • 14
    • 33744496020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring contrast sensitivity under different lighting conditions: Comparison of three tests
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J. Bühren, E. Terzi, M. Bach, W. Wesemann, and T. Kohnen Measuring contrast sensitivity under different lighting conditions: comparison of three tests Optom Vis Sci 83 2006 290 298 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/ optvissci/Fulltext/2006/05000/Measuring-Contrast-Sensitivity-Under-Different.8. aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2006) Optom Vis Sci , vol.83 , pp. 290-298
    • Bühren, J.1    Terzi, E.2    Bach, M.3    Wesemann, W.4    Kohnen, T.5
  • 15
    • 0026523126 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy of contrast sensitivity measures for the detection of early primary open-angle glaucoma
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J.M. Wood, and J.E. Lovie-Kitchin Evaluation of the efficacy of contrast sensitivity measures for the detection of early primary open-angle glaucoma Optom Vis Sci 69 1992 175 181 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/ Abstract/1992/03000/Evaluation-of-the-Efficacy-of-Contrast-Sensitivity.2.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1992) Optom Vis Sci , vol.69 , pp. 175-181
    • Wood, J.M.1    Lovie-Kitchin, J.E.2
  • 16
    • 0000597505 scopus 로고
    • New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances
    • L.L. Sloan New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances Am J Ophthalmol 48 1959 807 813
    • (1959) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.48 , pp. 807-813
    • Sloan, L.L.1
  • 17
    • 22144476891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • A. Arditi Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46 2005 2225 2229 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/ cgi/reprint/46/6/2225 Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 2225-2229
    • Arditi, A.1
  • 18
    • 57849157862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between contrast sensitivity and spherical aberration; Comparison of 7 contrast sensitivity tests with natural and artificial pupils in healthy eyes
    • K.W. van Gaalen, N.M. Jansonius, S.A. Koopmans, T. Terwee, and A.C. Kooijman Relationship between contrast sensitivity and spherical aberration; comparison of 7 contrast sensitivity tests with natural and artificial pupils in healthy eyes J Cataract Refract Surg 35 2009 47 56
    • (2009) J Cataract Refract Surg , vol.35 , pp. 47-56
    • Van Gaalen, K.W.1    Jansonius, N.M.2    Koopmans, S.A.3    Terwee, T.4    Kooijman, A.C.5
  • 19
    • 0016763058 scopus 로고
    • Pattern detection and the two-dimensional Fourier transform: Circular targets
    • D.H. Kelly, and H.S. Magnuski Pattern detection and the two-dimensional Fourier transform: circular targets Vision Res 15 1975 911 915
    • (1975) Vision Res , vol.15 , pp. 911-915
    • Kelly, D.H.1    Magnuski, H.S.2
  • 20
    • 0031666885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of global structure in Glass patterns: Implications for form vision
    • H.R. Wilson, and F. Wilkinson Detection of global structure in Glass patterns: implications for form vision Vision Res 38 1998 2933 2947
    • (1998) Vision Res , vol.38 , pp. 2933-2947
    • Wilson, H.R.1    Wilkinson, F.2
  • 22
    • 0026144883 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the Vistech Contrast Test System in a life-span adult sample
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • C.T. Scialfa, E.M. Adams, and M. Giovanetto Reliability of the Vistech Contrast Test System in a life-span adult sample Optom Vis Sci 68 1991 270 274 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Abstract/1991/04000/Reliability- of-the-Vistech-Contrast-Test-System-in.3.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1991) Optom Vis Sci , vol.68 , pp. 270-274
    • Scialfa, C.T.1    Adams, E.M.2    Giovanetto, M.3
  • 23
    • 0027464881 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the reliability, discriminative ability, and validity of disability glare tests
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • D.B. Elliott, and M.A. Bullimore Assessing the reliability, discriminative ability, and validity of disability glare tests Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34 1993 108 119 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/reprint/34/1/108. pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1993) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 108-119
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Bullimore, M.A.2
  • 24
    • 77954624691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring contrast sensitivity of the human eye with modified Siemens stars
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • H.-J. Grein, H. Jungnickel, K. Strohm, and M. Gebhardt Measuring contrast sensitivity of the human eye with modified Siemens stars Optom Vis Sci 87 2010 501 512 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2010/07000/ Measuring-Contrast-Sensitivity-of-the-Human-Eye.10.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2010) Optom Vis Sci , vol.87 , pp. 501-512
    • Grein, H.-J.1    Jungnickel, H.2    Strohm, K.3    Gebhardt, M.4
  • 25
    • 0026346343 scopus 로고
    • Vistech VCTS 6500 charts - Within- and between-session reliability
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • B.C. Reeves, J.M. Wood, and A.R. Hill Vistech VCTS 6500 charts - within- and between-session reliability Optom Vis Sci 68 1991 728 737 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Abstract/1991/09000/Vistech-VCTS-6500-Charts- Within-and.10.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1991) Optom Vis Sci , vol.68 , pp. 728-737
    • Reeves, B.C.1    Wood, J.M.2    Hill, A.R.3
  • 26
    • 77950259488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity measurement with 2 contrast sensitivity tests in normal eyes and eyes with cataract
    • Y.T. Hong, S.W. Kim, E.K. Kim, and T.-I. Kim Contrast sensitivity measurement with 2 contrast sensitivity tests in normal eyes and eyes with cataract J Cataract Refract Surg 36 2010 547 552
    • (2010) J Cataract Refract Surg , vol.36 , pp. 547-552
    • Hong, Y.T.1    Kim, S.W.2    Kim, E.K.3    Kim, T.-I.4
  • 27
    • 0027999801 scopus 로고
    • Test-retest reliability of the CSV-1000 contrast test and its relationship to glaucoma therapy
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • G.N. Pomerance, and D.W. Evans Test-retest reliability of the CSV-1000 contrast test and its relationship to glaucoma therapy Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35 1994 3357 3361 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/cgi/reprint/35/9/3357 Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1994) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.35 , pp. 3357-3361
    • Pomerance, G.N.1    Evans, D.W.2
  • 29
    • 0034253560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability and intercorrelations of standard vision tests as a function of age
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • J.E. Lovie-Kitchin, and B. Brown Repeatability and intercorrelations of standard vision tests as a function of age Optom Vis Sci 77 2000 412 420 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2000/08000/ Repeatability-and-Intercorrelations-of-Standard.8.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2000) Optom Vis Sci , vol.77 , pp. 412-420
    • Lovie-Kitchin, J.E.1    Brown, B.2
  • 30
    • 2542533901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Melbourne Edge Test and High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity chart
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • S.A. Haymes, and J. Chen Reliability and validity of the Melbourne Edge Test and High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity chart Optom Vis Sci 81 2004 308 316 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2004/05000/Reliability- and-Validity-of-the-Melbourne-Edge.8.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2004) Optom Vis Sci , vol.81 , pp. 308-316
    • Haymes, S.A.1    Chen, J.2
  • 31
    • 66849143191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersession repeatability of contrast sensitivity scores in age-related macular degeneration
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • P.J. Patel, F.K. Chen, G.S. Rubin, and A. Tufail Intersession repeatability of contrast sensitivity scores in age-related macular degeneration Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50 2009 2621 2625 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/ content/50/6/2621.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2009) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.50 , pp. 2621-2625
    • Patel, P.J.1    Chen, F.K.2    Rubin, G.S.3    Tufail, A.4
  • 32
    • 28844444929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and consistency of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measures in advanced eye disease
    • Accessed February 13, 2013
    • A.K. Kiser, D. Mladenovich, F. Eshraghi, D. Bourdeau, and G. Dagnelie Reliability and consistency of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measures in advanced eye disease Optom Vis Sci 82 2005 946 954 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2005/11000/Reliability-and- Consistency-of-Visual-Acuity-and.8.aspx Accessed February 13, 2013
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 946-954
    • Kiser, A.K.1    Mladenovich, D.2    Eshraghi, F.3    Bourdeau, D.4    Dagnelie, G.5
  • 33
    • 34249774573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of two new contrast sensitivity charts
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • K. Thayaparan, M.D. Crossland, and G.S. Rubin Clinical assessment of two new contrast sensitivity charts Br J Ophthalmol 91 2007 749 752 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955579/pdf/749.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.91 , pp. 749-752
    • Thayaparan, K.1    Crossland, M.D.2    Rubin, G.S.3
  • 34
    • 28844490926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • B.E. Dougherty, R.E. Flom, and M.A. Bullimore An evaluation of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test Optom Vis Sci 82 2005 970 975 Available at: http://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Fulltext/2005/11000/An-Evaluation-of-the-Mars- Letter-Contrast.12.aspx Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 970-975
    • Dougherty, B.E.1    Flom, R.E.2    Bullimore, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 79951942565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic spatial frequencies and human efficiency for discriminating actions
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • S.M. Thurman, and E.D. Grossman Diagnostic spatial frequencies and human efficiency for discriminating actions Atten Percept Psychophys 73 2011 572 580 Available at: http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/619/art%253A10. 3758%252Fs13414-010-0028-z.pdf?auth66=1362152277- 00c26aea841a46e13d563188f587f0ad&ext=.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2011) Atten Percept Psychophys , vol.73 , pp. 572-580
    • Thurman, S.M.1    Grossman, E.D.2
  • 36
    • 0023141088 scopus 로고
    • Origin of notches in CSF: Optical or neural?
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • P. Apkarian, R. Tijssen, H. Spekreijse, and D. Regan Origin of notches in CSF: optical or neural? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28 1987 607 612 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/content/28/3/607.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1987) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.28 , pp. 607-612
    • Apkarian, P.1    Tijssen, R.2    Spekreijse, H.3    Regan, D.4
  • 37
    • 84989449501 scopus 로고
    • The role of contrast sensitivity charts and contrast letter charts in clinical practice
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • R.L. Woods, and J.M. Wood The role of contrast sensitivity charts and contrast letter charts in clinical practice Clin Exp Optom 78 1995 43 57 Available at: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/11919/1/11919.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (1995) Clin Exp Optom , vol.78 , pp. 43-57
    • Woods, R.L.1    Wood, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 0032965946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood
    • D. Ellemberg, T.L. Lewis, C.H. Liu, and D. Maurer Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood Vision Res 39 1999 2325 2333
    • (1999) Vision Res , vol.39 , pp. 2325-2333
    • Ellemberg, D.1    Lewis, T.L.2    Liu, C.H.3    Maurer, D.4
  • 39
    • 1842450788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of angular frequency contrast sensitivity in young and older adults
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • N.A. Santos, M.L.B. Simas, and R.M.T.B.L. Nogueira Comparison of angular frequency contrast sensitivity in young and older adults Braz J Med Biol Res 37 2004 375 378 Available at: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjmbr/v37n3/5128.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2004) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.37 , pp. 375-378
    • Santos, N.A.1    Simas, M.L.B.2    Nogueira, R.M.T.B.L.3
  • 40
    • 79961193909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of visual capability
    • W.R. Hendee, P.N.T. Wells, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag New York, NY
    • A.P. Ginsburg, and W.R. Hendee Quantification of visual capability W.R. Hendee, P.N.T. Wells, The Perception of Visual Information 2nd ed. 1997 Springer-Verlag New York, NY 61
    • (1997) The Perception of Visual Information , pp. 61
    • Ginsburg, A.P.1    Hendee, W.R.2
  • 42
    • 0025324632 scopus 로고
    • What areas of the visual field are important for mobility in low vision patients?
    • J.E. Lovie-Kitchin, J.C. Mainstone, J. Robinson, and B. Brown What areas of the visual field are important for mobility in low vision patients? Clin Vision Sci 5 1990 249 263
    • (1990) Clin Vision Sci , vol.5 , pp. 249-263
    • Lovie-Kitchin, J.E.1    Mainstone, J.C.2    Robinson, J.3    Brown, B.4
  • 43
    • 0019986951 scopus 로고
    • Visual factors and orientation-mobility performance
    • J.A. Marron, and I.L. Bailey Visual factors and orientation-mobility performance Am J Optom Physiol Opt 59 1982 413 426
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.59 , pp. 413-426
    • Marron, J.A.1    Bailey, I.L.2
  • 44
    • 64049094496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glaucoma research community and FDA look to the future: A report from the NEI/FDA CDER Glaucoma Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints Symposium
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • R.N. Weinreb, and P.L. Kaufman The glaucoma research community and FDA look to the future: a report from the NEI/FDA CDER Glaucoma Clinical Trial Design and Endpoints Symposium Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50 2009 1497 1505 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/content/50/4/1497.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2009) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.50 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Weinreb, R.N.1    Kaufman, P.L.2
  • 45
    • 77957160720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cataract morphology on straylight and contrast sensitivity and its relevance to fitness to drive
    • T. Bal, T. Coeckelbergh, J. Van Looveren, J.J. Rozema, and M.-J. Tassignon Influence of cataract morphology on straylight and contrast sensitivity and its relevance to fitness to drive Ophthalmologica 225 2011 105 111
    • (2011) Ophthalmologica , vol.225 , pp. 105-111
    • Bal, T.1    Coeckelbergh, T.2    Van Looveren, J.3    Rozema, J.J.4    Tassignon, M.-J.5
  • 47
    • 0037385106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and Humphrey visual field testing in patients with glaucoma
    • A.S. Hawkins, J.P. Szlyk, Z. Ardickas, K.R. Alexander, and J.T. Wilensky Comparison of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and Humphrey visual field testing in patients with glaucoma J Glaucoma 12 2003 134 138
    • (2003) J Glaucoma , vol.12 , pp. 134-138
    • Hawkins, A.S.1    Szlyk, J.P.2    Ardickas, Z.3    Alexander, K.R.4    Wilensky, J.T.5
  • 48
    • 79955022849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of retinal morphology on contrast sensitivity and reading ability in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • P.A. Keane, P.J. Patel, Y. Ouyang, F.K. Chen, F. Ikeji, A.C. Walsh, A. Tufail, and S.R. Sadda Effects of retinal morphology on contrast sensitivity and reading ability in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51 2010 5431 5437 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/content/ 51/11/5431.full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2010) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.51 , pp. 5431-5437
    • Keane, P.A.1    Patel, P.J.2    Ouyang, Y.3    Chen, F.K.4    Ikeji, F.5    Walsh, A.C.6    Tufail, A.7    Sadda, S.R.8
  • 49
    • 78651264755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced mesopic and photopic foveal contrast sensitivity in glaucoma
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • K. Lahav, H. Levkovitch-Verbin, M. Belkin, Y. Glovinsky, and U. Polat Reduced mesopic and photopic foveal contrast sensitivity in glaucoma Arch Ophthalmol 129 2011 16 22 Available at: http://archopht.jamanetwork.com/data/ Journals/OPHTH/10230/ecs05068-16-22.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2011) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.129 , pp. 16-22
    • Lahav, K.1    Levkovitch-Verbin, H.2    Belkin, M.3    Glovinsky, Y.4    Polat, U.5
  • 50
    • 65349139486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in eyes implanted with aspheric and spherical intraocular lenses
    • P.R. Trueb, C. Albach, R. Montés-Micó, and T. Ferrer-Blasco Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in eyes implanted with aspheric and spherical intraocular lenses Ophthalmology 116 2009 890 895
    • (2009) Ophthalmology , vol.116 , pp. 890-895
    • Trueb, P.R.1    Albach, C.2    Montés-Micó, R.3    Ferrer-Blasco, T.4
  • 51
    • 79955967137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity outcomes in the ABC Trial: A randomized trial of bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration
    • ABC Trial Study Group Available at: Accessed February 14, 2013
    • P.J. Patel, F.K. Chen, L. Da Cruz, G.S. Rubin, A. Tufail ABC Trial Study Group Contrast sensitivity outcomes in the ABC Trial: A randomized trial of bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52 2011 3089 3093 Available at: http://www.iovs.org/content/52/6/3089. full.pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2011) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.52 , pp. 3089-3093
    • Patel, P.J.1    Chen, F.K.2    Da Cruz, L.3    Rubin, G.S.4    Tufail, A.5
  • 52
    • 79960397013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity, ocular blood flow and their potential role in assessing ischemic retinal disease
    • Accessed February 14, 2013
    • Y.Z. Shoshani, A. Harris, D. Rusia, G.L. Spaeth, B. Siesky, A. Pollack, and B. Wirostko Contrast sensitivity, ocular blood flow and their potential role in assessing ischemic retinal disease Acta Ophthalmol 89 2011 e382 e935 Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02130. x/pdf Accessed February 14, 2013
    • (2011) Acta Ophthalmol , vol.89
    • Shoshani, Y.Z.1    Harris, A.2    Rusia, D.3    Spaeth, G.L.4    Siesky, B.5    Pollack, A.6    Wirostko, B.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.