메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 2739-2745

The letter contrast sensitivity test: Clinical evaluation of a new design

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CATARACT EXTRACTION; CLINICAL EVALUATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; EFFECT SIZE; EYE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STATISTICS; VALIDITY; CATARACT; EVALUATION; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOMETRY; REPRODUCIBILITY; RETINA MACULA DEGENERATION; VISION TEST;

EID: 33745642749     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-1419     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 13844271475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 2003. Vision in elders: Summary of findings of the SKI study
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy G. The Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture 2003. Vision in elders: summary of findings of the SKI study. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:87-93.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 87-93
    • Haegerstrom-Portnoy, G.1
  • 2
    • 0037385106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and Humphrey visual field testing in patients with glaucoma
    • Hawkins AS, Szlyk JP, Ardickas Z, Alexander KR, Wilensky JT. Comparison of contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and Humphrey visual field testing in patients with glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2003;12:134-138.
    • (2003) J Glaucoma , vol.12 , pp. 134-138
    • Hawkins, A.S.1    Szlyk, J.P.2    Ardickas, Z.3    Alexander, K.R.4    Wilensky, J.T.5
  • 3
    • 0034253560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability and intercorrelations of standard vision tests as a function of age
    • Lovie-Kitchin JE, Brown B. Repeatability and intercorrelations of standard vision tests as a function of age. Optom Vis Sci. 2000;77:412-420.
    • (2000) Optom Vis Sci , vol.77 , pp. 412-420
    • Lovie-Kitchin, J.E.1    Brown, B.2
  • 4
    • 0030952881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. The SEE Study. Salisbury Eye Evaluation Project
    • Rubin GS, West SK, Munoz B, et al. A comprehensive assessment of visual impairment in a population of older Americans. The SEE Study. Salisbury Eye Evaluation Project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:557-568.
    • (1997) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.38 , pp. 557-568
    • Rubin, G.S.1    West, S.K.2    Munoz, B.3
  • 7
    • 0032495854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults
    • Owsley C, Ball K, McGwin G Jr, et al. Visual processing impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash among older adults. JAMA. 1998;279:1083-1088.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 1083-1088
    • Owsley, C.1    Ball, K.2    McGwin Jr, G.3
  • 8
    • 0019986951 scopus 로고
    • Visual factors and orientation-mobility performance
    • Marron JA, Bailey IL. Visual factors and orientation-mobility performance. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1982;59:413-426.
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.59 , pp. 413-426
    • Marron, J.A.1    Bailey, I.L.2
  • 9
    • 0035009846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual risk factors for falls in older people
    • Lord SR, Dayhew J. Visual risk factors for falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:508-515.
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 508-515
    • Lord, S.R.1    Dayhew, J.2
  • 10
    • 0033754536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual contributions to postural stability in older adults
    • Lord SR, Menz HB. Visual contributions to postural stability in older adults. Gerontology. 2000;46:306-310.
    • (2000) Gerontology , vol.46 , pp. 306-310
    • Lord, S.R.1    Menz, H.B.2
  • 13
    • 12444288523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting reading fluency in patients with macular disease
    • Crossland MD, Culham LE, Rubin GS. Predicting reading fluency in patients with macular disease. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:11-17.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 11-17
    • Crossland, M.D.1    Culham, L.E.2    Rubin, G.S.3
  • 14
    • 0036176536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of visual function on computer task accuracy and reaction time in a cohort of patients with age-related macular degeneration
    • Scott IU, Feuer WJ, Jacko JA. Impact of visual function on computer task accuracy and reaction time in a cohort of patients with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:350-357.
    • (2002) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.133 , pp. 350-357
    • Scott, I.U.1    Feuer, W.J.2    Jacko, J.A.3
  • 15
    • 0036513481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between vision impairment and ability to perform activities of daily living
    • Haymes SA, Johnston AW, Heyes AD. Relationship between vision impairment and ability to perform activities of daily living. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2002;22:79-91.
    • (2002) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.22 , pp. 79-91
    • Haymes, S.A.1    Johnston, A.W.2    Heyes, A.D.3
  • 16
    • 0036269701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does visual impairment affect performance on tasks of everyday life? The SEE Project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation
    • West SK, Rubin GS, Broman AT, et al. How does visual impairment affect performance on tasks of everyday life? The SEE Project. Salisbury Eye Evaluation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:774-780.
    • (2002) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.120 , pp. 774-780
    • West, S.K.1    Rubin, G.S.2    Broman, A.T.3
  • 17
    • 0024990598 scopus 로고
    • Simple clinical techniques to evaluate visual function in patients with early cataract
    • Elliott DB, Hurst MA. Simple clinical techniques to evaluate visual function in patients with early cataract. Optom Vis Sci. 1990;67:822-825.
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 822-825
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Hurst, M.A.2
  • 18
    • 0036786326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysical characterisation of early functional loss in glaucoma and ocular hypertension
    • Ansari EA, Morgan JE, Snowden RJ. Psychophysical characterisation of early functional loss in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:1131-1135.
    • (2002) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.86 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Ansari, E.A.1    Morgan, J.E.2    Snowden, R.J.3
  • 20
    • 0346969420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Results from the Radiation Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (RAD) Study
    • Bellmann C, Unnebrink K, Rubin GS, Miller D, Holz FG. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results from the Radiation Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (RAD) Study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003;241:968-974.
    • (2003) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.241 , pp. 968-974
    • Bellmann, C.1    Unnebrink, K.2    Rubin, G.S.3    Miller, D.4    Holz, F.G.5
  • 21
    • 2542614515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter contrast sensitivity changes in early diabetic retinopathy
    • Stavrou EP, Wood JM. Letter contrast sensitivity changes in early diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Optom. 2003;86:152-156.
    • (2003) Clin Exp Optom , vol.86 , pp. 152-156
    • Stavrou, E.P.1    Wood, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 0029965459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity and other vision tests in the optic neuritis treatment trial
    • Trobe JD, Beck RW, Moke PS, Cleary PA. Contrast sensitivity and other vision tests in the optic neuritis treatment trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:547-553.
    • (1996) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.121 , pp. 547-553
    • Trobe, J.D.1    Beck, R.W.2    Moke, P.S.3    Cleary, P.A.4
  • 23
    • 0038441703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cataract surgery on self-reported visual difficulties: Comparison with a no-surgery reference group
    • McGwin G Jr, Scilley K, Brown J, Owsley C. Impact of cataract surgery on self-reported visual difficulties: comparison with a no-surgery reference group. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:941-948.
    • (2003) J Cataract Refract Surg , vol.29 , pp. 941-948
    • McGwin Jr, G.1    Scilley, K.2    Brown, J.3    Owsley, C.4
  • 24
    • 0033510346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of neodymium: YAG capsulotomy on contrast sensitivity and the evaluation of methods for its assessment
    • Tan JC, Spalton DJ, Arden GB. The effect of neodymium: YAG capsulotomy on contrast sensitivity and the evaluation of methods for its assessment. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:703-709.
    • (1999) Ophthalmology , vol.106 , pp. 703-709
    • Tan, J.C.1    Spalton, D.J.2    Arden, G.B.3
  • 25
    • 0034931712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity and depth of focus with aspheric multifocal versus conventional monofocal intraocular lens
    • Kamlesh, Dadeya S, Kaushik S. Contrast sensitivity and depth of focus with aspheric multifocal versus conventional monofocal intraocular lens. Can J Ophthalmol. 2001;36:197-201.
    • (2001) Can J Ophthalmol , vol.36 , pp. 197-201
    • Kamlesh1    Dadeya, S.2    Kaushik, S.3
  • 26
    • 2642514832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomised comparison of single and three piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses
    • Nejima R, Miyata K, Honbou M, et al. A prospective, randomised comparison of single and three piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:746-749.
    • (2004) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.88 , pp. 746-749
    • Nejima, R.1    Miyata, K.2    Honbou, M.3
  • 27
    • 0036807347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of latanoprost (Xalatan) and unoprostone (Rescula) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and suspected glaucoma
    • Sponsel WE, Paris G, Trigo Y, Pena M. Comparative effects of latanoprost (Xalatan) and unoprostone (Rescula) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and suspected glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134:552-559.
    • (2002) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.134 , pp. 552-559
    • Sponsel, W.E.1    Paris, G.2    Trigo, Y.3    Pena, M.4
  • 28
    • 11144252227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of spatial contrast sensitivity threshold after surgical reduction of intraocular pressure in unilateral high-tension glaucoma
    • Gandolfi SA, Cimino L, Sangermani C, et al. Improvement of spatial contrast sensitivity threshold after surgical reduction of intraocular pressure in unilateral high-tension glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:197-201.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 197-201
    • Gandolfi, S.A.1    Cimino, L.2    Sangermani, C.3
  • 29
    • 31044453580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monès J, Rubin GS. Contrast sensitivity as an outcome measure in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation due to age-related macular degeneration. Eye.;doi:10.1038/sj.eye. 6701717. Published online October 1, 2004.
    • Monès J, Rubin GS. Contrast sensitivity as an outcome measure in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation due to age-related macular degeneration. Eye.;doi:10.1038/sj.eye. 6701717. Published online October 1, 2004.
  • 30
    • 0035112897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity following focal laser photocoagulation in clinically significant macular oedema due to diabetic retinopathy
    • Talwar D, Sharma N, Pai A, et al. Contrast sensitivity following focal laser photocoagulation in clinically significant macular oedema due to diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2001;29:17-21.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.29 , pp. 17-21
    • Talwar, D.1    Sharma, N.2    Pai, A.3
  • 31
    • 4243082095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective controlled trial to evaluate the adjunctive role of posterior subtenon triamcinolone in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema
    • Verma LK, Vivek MB, Kumar A, Tewari HK, Venkatesh P. A prospective controlled trial to evaluate the adjunctive role of posterior subtenon triamcinolone in the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20:277-284.
    • (2004) J Ocul Pharmacol Ther , vol.20 , pp. 277-284
    • Verma, L.K.1    Vivek, M.B.2    Kumar, A.3    Tewari, H.K.4    Venkatesh, P.5
  • 32
    • 0037810750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do daily wear opaquely tinted hydrogel soft contact lenses affect contrast sensitivity function at one meter?
    • Ozkagnici A, Zengin N, Kamis O, Gunduz K. Do daily wear opaquely tinted hydrogel soft contact lenses affect contrast sensitivity function at one meter? Eye Contact Lens. 2003;29:48-49.
    • (2003) Eye Contact Lens , vol.29 , pp. 48-49
    • Ozkagnici, A.1    Zengin, N.2    Kamis, O.3    Gunduz, K.4
  • 33
    • 6944238563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity after conventional laser in situ keratomileusis
    • Yamane N, Miyata K, Samejima T, et al. Ocular higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity after conventional laser in situ keratomileusis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3986-3990.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 3986-3990
    • Yamane, N.1    Miyata, K.2    Samejima, T.3
  • 34
    • 84989449501 scopus 로고
    • The role of contrast sensitivity charts and contrast letter charts in clinical practice
    • Woods RL, Wood JM. The role of contrast sensitivity charts and contrast letter charts in clinical practice. Clin Exp Optom. 1995;78:43-57.
    • (1995) Clin Exp Optom , vol.78 , pp. 43-57
    • Woods, R.L.1    Wood, J.M.2
  • 35
    • 0023948250 scopus 로고
    • The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity
    • Pelli DG, Robson JG, Wilkins AJ. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin Vision Sci. 1988;2:187-199.
    • (1988) Clin Vision Sci , vol.2 , pp. 187-199
    • Pelli, D.G.1    Robson, J.G.2    Wilkins, A.J.3
  • 36
    • 22144476891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test
    • Arditi A. Improving the design of the letter contrast sensitivity test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:2225-2229.
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 2225-2229
    • Arditi, A.1
  • 38
    • 0026327980 scopus 로고
    • Improving the reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test
    • Elliott DB, Bullimore MA, Bailey IL. Improving the reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test. Clin Vision Sci. 1991;6:471-475.
    • (1991) Clin Vision Sci , vol.6 , pp. 471-475
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Bullimore, M.A.2    Bailey, I.L.3
  • 39
    • 28844490926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test
    • Dougherty BE, Flom RE, Bullimore MA. An evaluation of the Mars Letter Contrast Sensitivity Test. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:970-975.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 970-975
    • Dougherty, B.E.1    Flom, R.E.2    Bullimore, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 0034759691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Age-Related Eye Disease Study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 6. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:668-681
    • The Age-Related Eye Disease Study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 6. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132:668-681.
  • 41
    • 0024397438 scopus 로고
    • Lens opacities classification system II (LOCS II)
    • Chylack LT Jr, Leske MC, McCarthy D, et al. Lens opacities classification system II (LOCS II). Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:991-997.
    • (1989) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.107 , pp. 991-997
    • Chylack Jr, L.T.1    Leske, M.C.2    McCarthy, D.3
  • 42
    • 0000597505 scopus 로고
    • New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances
    • Sloan LL. New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959;48:807-813.
    • (1959) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.48 , pp. 807-813
    • Sloan, L.L.1
  • 43
    • 0025018376 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the legibility of letters at contrast threshold using the Pelli-Robson chart
    • Elliott DB, Whitaker D, Bonette L. Differences in the legibility of letters at contrast threshold using the Pelli-Robson chart. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1990;10:323-326.
    • (1990) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.10 , pp. 323-326
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Whitaker, D.2    Bonette, L.3
  • 48
    • 0034881371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling logMAR visual acuity scores: Effects of termination rules and alternative forced-choice options
    • Carkeet A. Modeling logMAR visual acuity scores: effects of termination rules and alternative forced-choice options. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78:529-538.
    • (2001) Optom Vis Sci , vol.78 , pp. 529-538
    • Carkeet, A.1
  • 49
    • 84908219488 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement
    • Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307-310.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 307-310
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 51
    • 20644442544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical significant change versus relevant or important change in (quasi) experimental design: Some conceptual and methodological problems in estimating magnitude of intervention-related change in health services research
    • Middel B. Statistical significant change versus relevant or important change in (quasi) experimental design: Some conceptual and methodological problems in estimating magnitude of intervention-related change in health services research. Int J Integr Care. 2002;2:1-22.
    • (2002) Int J Integr Care , vol.2 , pp. 1-22
    • Middel, B.1
  • 52
    • 0020606640 scopus 로고
    • Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood
    • Owsley C, Sekuler R, Siemsen D. Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood. Vision Res. 1983;23:689-699.
    • (1983) Vision Res , vol.23 , pp. 689-699
    • Owsley, C.1    Sekuler, R.2    Siemsen, D.3
  • 53
    • 0023773382 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in contrast sensitivity in central and peripheral retina
    • Crassini B, Brown B, Bowman K. Age-related changes in contrast sensitivity in central and peripheral retina. Perception. 1988;17:315-332.
    • (1988) Perception , vol.17 , pp. 315-332
    • Crassini, B.1    Brown, B.2    Bowman, K.3
  • 54
    • 0025260661 scopus 로고
    • The reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart
    • Elliott DB, Sanderson K, Conkey A. The reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1990;10:21-24.
    • (1990) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.10 , pp. 21-24
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Sanderson, K.2    Conkey, A.3
  • 55
    • 0028964173 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the lower displacement limit for motion with age
    • Wood JM, Bullimore MA. Changes in the lower displacement limit for motion with age. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1995;15:31-36.
    • (1995) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.15 , pp. 31-36
    • Wood, J.M.1    Bullimore, M.A.2
  • 56
    • 0027270435 scopus 로고
    • Optic Neuritis Study Group. The Pelli-Robson Letter Chart: Normative data for young adults
    • Beck RW, Diehl L, Cleary PA, Optic Neuritis Study Group. The Pelli-Robson Letter Chart: normative data for young adults. Clin Vision Sci. 1993;8:207-210.
    • (1993) Clin Vision Sci , vol.8 , pp. 207-210
    • Beck, R.W.1    Diehl, L.2    Cleary, P.A.3
  • 57
    • 0027464881 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the reliability, discriminative ability, and validity of disability glare tests
    • Elliott DB, Bullimore MA. Assessing the reliability, discriminative ability, and validity of disability glare tests. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:108-119.
    • (1993) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 108-119
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Bullimore, M.A.2
  • 59
    • 0035119298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal values for the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test
    • Mantyjarvi M, Laitinen T. Normal values for the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:261-266.
    • (2001) J Cataract Refract Surg , vol.27 , pp. 261-266
    • Mantyjarvi, M.1    Laitinen, T.2
  • 60
    • 4644281174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal values for photopic and mesopic letter contrast sensitivity
    • Puell MC, Palomo C, Sanchez-Ramos C, Villena C. Normal values for photopic and mesopic letter contrast sensitivity. J Refract Surg. 2004;20:484-488.
    • (2004) J Refract Surg , vol.20 , pp. 484-488
    • Puell, M.C.1    Palomo, C.2    Sanchez-Ramos, C.3    Villena, C.4
  • 61
    • 0028832982 scopus 로고
    • Test-retest variability and correlations between tests of texture processing, motion processing, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity
    • Simpson TL, Regan D. Test-retest variability and correlations between tests of texture processing, motion processing, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Optom Vis Sci. 1995;72:11-16.
    • (1995) Optom Vis Sci , vol.72 , pp. 11-16
    • Simpson, T.L.1    Regan, D.2
  • 62
    • 2542533901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Melbourne Edge Test and High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity chart
    • Haymes SA, Chen J. Reliability and validity of the Melbourne Edge Test and High/Low Contrast Visual Acuity chart. Optom Vis Sci. 2004;81:308-316.
    • (2004) Optom Vis Sci , vol.81 , pp. 308-316
    • Haymes, S.A.1    Chen, J.2
  • 63
    • 28844444929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and consistency of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measures in advanced eye disease
    • Kiser AK, Mladenovich D, Eshraghi F, Bourdeau D, Dagnelie G. Reliability and consistency of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity measures in advanced eye disease. Optom Vis Sci. 2005;82:946-954.
    • (2005) Optom Vis Sci , vol.82 , pp. 946-954
    • Kiser, A.K.1    Mladenovich, D.2    Eshraghi, F.3    Bourdeau, D.4    Dagnelie, G.5
  • 64
    • 0024205429 scopus 로고
    • The use of accurate visual acuity measurements in clinical anti-cataract formulation trials
    • Elliott DB, Sheridan M. The use of accurate visual acuity measurements in clinical anti-cataract formulation trials. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1988;8:397-401.
    • (1988) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.8 , pp. 397-401
    • Elliott, D.B.1    Sheridan, M.2
  • 65
    • 0024463138 scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol. The Macular Photocoagulation Study Group
    • Blackhurst DW, Maguire MG. Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol. The Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Retina. 1989;9:163-169.
    • (1989) Retina , vol.9 , pp. 163-169
    • Blackhurst, D.W.1    Maguire, M.G.2
  • 66
    • 2142695184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of optical defocus on the test-retest variability of visual acuity measurements
    • Rosser DA, Murdoch IE, Cousens SN. The effect of optical defocus on the test-retest variability of visual acuity measurements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:1076-1079.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 1076-1079
    • Rosser, D.A.1    Murdoch, I.E.2    Cousens, S.N.3
  • 67
    • 0022249705 scopus 로고
    • The technical problems of producing photographic prints for the measurement of human contrast thresholds
    • Verbaken JH, Jacobs RJ. The technical problems of producing photographic prints for the measurement of human contrast thresholds. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1985;7:459-465.
    • (1985) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.7 , pp. 459-465
    • Verbaken, J.H.1    Jacobs, R.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.