Emission characteristics of air pollutants from incense and candle burning in indoor atmospheres

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 4659-4670

  Manoukian, A ^a   Quivet, E ^a   Temime Roussel, B ^a   Nicolas, M ^b   Maupetit, F ^b   Wortham, H ^a  

^a AIX MARSEILLE UNIV   (France)

^b Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment ^*  (France)

Author keywords

Aerosol; Candle; HS PTR MS; Incense; Indoor air quality; Volatile organic compounds

Indexed keywords

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AIR QUALITY; COMBUSTION; DATA SET; INDOOR AIR; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY; VAPOR PRESSURE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND; WAX;

AIR CONDITIONING; AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; INDOOR AIR POLLUTION; PARTICLE SIZE;

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION, INDOOR; PARTICLE SIZE; VENTILATION; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84879690452     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: 16147499     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1394-y     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. AFNOR (2002) NF ISO 16000-3: Air intérieur - Partie 3: Prélèvement et analyse: formaldéhyde, acétaldéhyde.
2. AFNOR (2005) NF ISO 16000-6: Air intérieur - Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l'air intérieur des locaux et enceintes d'essai par échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA, désorption thermique et chromatographie en phase gazeuse utilisant MS/FID.
3. Afshari A, Matson U, Ekberg LE (2005) Characterization of indoor sources of fine and ultrafine particles: a study conducted in a full-scale chamber. Indoor Air 15: 141-150.
4. Akoua JJAA, Allard F, Beghein C, Collignan B, Millet JR (2004) Experimental and numerical studies on indoor air quality in a real environment. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2004 Sept 15-17, Prague, Czech Republic, pp 203-214.
5. Bhangar S, Mullen NA, Hering SV, Kreisberg NM, Nazaroff WW (2011) Ultrafine particle concentrations and exposures in seven residences in northern California. Indoor Air 21: 132-144.
6. Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Wasicky M, Nikiforov A (1995) Volatiles of cold and burning fragrance candles with lavender and apple aromas. Flavour Frag J 10: 233-237.
7. Buhr K, van Ruth S, Delahunty C (2002) Analysis of volatile compounds by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry: fragmentation patterns and discrimination between isobaric and isomeric compounds. Int J Mass Spectrom 221: 1-7.
8. Carslaw N (2007) A new detailed chemical model for indoor air pollution. Atmos Environ 41: 1164-1179.
9. Chang YC, Lee HW, Tseng HH (2007) The formation of incense smoke. J Aerosol Sci 38: 39-51.
10. Chuang HC (2010) Product characterisation of incense burning. Eurochamp-2. Report No.: E2-2010-03-08-0023.
11. Czakó G, Nagy B, Tasi G, Somogyi A, Šimunek J, Noga J et al (2009) Proton affinity and enthalpy of formation of formaldehyde. Int J Quantum Chem 09: 2393-2409.
12. de Gouw J, Warneke C (2007) Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the earth's atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 26: 223-257.
13. Derudi M, Gelosa S, Sliepcevich A, Cattaneo A, Rota R, Cavallo D et al (2012) Emissions of air pollutants from scented candles burning in a test chamber. Atmos Environ 55: 257-262.
14. Eggert T, Hansen OC (2004) Survey and emission of chemical substances from incense. Survey of Chemical Substances in Consumer Products 39: 1-136.
15. ERADB (2009) Chemical Kinetics Database on oxygenated VOCs [internet]. Orléans: ICARE-CNRS; c2006-08 [updated 2012 May 4]. Available from: http://www. era-orleans. org.
16. Fan Z, Weschler CJ, Han IK, Junfeng Z (2005) Co-formation of hydroperoxides and ultra-fine particles during the reactions of ozone with a complex VOC mixture under simulated indoor conditions. Atmos Environ 39: 5171-5182.
17. Géhin E, Ramalho O, Kirchner S (2008) Size distribution and emission rate measurements of fine and ultrafine particle from indoor human activities. Atmos Environ 42: 8341-8352.
18. Gilbert NL, Guay M, Gauvin D, Dietz RN, Chan CC, Lévesque B (2008) Air change rate and concentration of formaldehyde in residential indoor air. Atmos Environ 42: 2424-2428.
19. Glytsos T, Ondracek J, Dzumbova L, Kopanakis I, Lazaridis M (2010) Characterization of particulate matter concentrations during controlled indoor activities. Atmos Environ 44: 1539-1549.
20. Gomez Alvarez E, Wortham H, Strekowski R, Zetzsch C, Gligorovski S (2012) Atmospheric photo-sensitized heterogeneous and multiphase reactions: from outdoors to indoors. Environ Sci Technol 46: 1955-1963.
21. Guo Z, Jetter JJ, McBrian JA (2004) Rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from incense. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 72: 186-193.
22. He C, Morawska L, Hitchins J, Gilbert D (2004) Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses. Atmos Environ 38: 3405-3415.
23. He C, Morawska L, Gilbert D (2005) Particle deposition rates in residential houses. Atmos Environ 39: 3891-3899.
24. He C, Morawska L, Taplin L (2007) Particle emission characteristics of office printers. Environ Sci Technol 41: 6039-6045.
25. Ho SSH, Yu JZ (2002) Concentrations of formaldehyde and other carbonyls in environments affected by incense burning. J Environ Monit 4: 728-733.
26. Holzinger R, Lee A, Paw UKT, Goldstein AH (2005) Observations of oxidation products above a forest imply biogenic emissions of very reactive compounds. Atmos Chem Phys 5: 67-75.
27. Hu MT, Chen SJ, Huang YC, Lee WJ, Chang-Chien GP, Tsai JH et al (2009) Characterization of, and health risks from, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from incense burned in a temple. Sci Total Environ 407: 4870-4875.
28. Hussein T, Glytsos T, Ondracek J, Dohanyosova P, Zdimal V, Hameri K et al (2006) Particle size characterization and emission rates during indoor activities in a house. Atmos Environ 40: 4285-4307.
29. Ji X, Le Bihan O, Ramalho O, Mandin C, D'Anna B, Martinon L et al (2010) Characterization of particles emitted by incense burning in an experimental house. Indoor Air 20: 147-158.
30. Kjaer UD, Tirkkonene T (2006) Summary of adsorption/desorption experiments. SBI Report.
31. Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P et al (2001) The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 11: 231-252.
32. Lee RS, Lin JM (1996) Gaseous aliphatic aldehydes in smoke from burning raw materials of Chinese joss sticks. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 57: 361-366.
33. Lee SC, Wang B (2004) Characteristics of emissions of air pollutants from burning of incense in a large environment chamber. Atmos Environ 38: 941-951.
34. Lewis RG, Gordon SM (1996) Sampling for organic chemicals in air. In: Lawrence HK (ed) Principles of environmental sampling. Washington, USA, pp 401-470.
35. Li J, Feng YL, Xie CJ, Huang J, Yu JZ, Feng JL et al (2009) Determination of gaseous carbonyl compounds by their pentafluorophenyl hydrazones with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 635: 84-93.
36. Lin JM, Wang LH (1994) Gaseous aliphatic aldehydes in Chinese incense smoke. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 53: 374-381.
37. Löfroth G, Stensman C, Brandhorst-Satzkorn M (1991) Indoor sources of mutagenic aerosol particulate matter: smoking, cooking and incense burning. Mutat Res 261: 21-28.
38. Lung SC, Hu S (2003) Generation rates and emission factors of particulate matter and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of incense sticks. Chemosphere 50: 673-679.
39. 10 and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under two ventilation conditions. Indoor Air 13: 194-199.
40. Mannino MR, Orecchio S (2008) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust matter of Palermo (Italy) area: extraction, GC-MS analysis, distribution and sources. Atmos Environ 42: 1801-1817.
41. Maupetit F, Squinazi F (2009) Characterization of benzene and formaldehyde emissions from burning incense and scented candles indoors: development of exposure scenarios and recommendations for use. Environ Risque Santé 8: 109-118.
42. Navasumrit P, Arayasiri M, Hiang OMT, Leechawengwongs M, Promvijit J, Choonvisase S et al (2008) Potential health effects of exposure to carcinogenic compounds in incense smoke in temple workers. Chem-Biol Interact 73: 19-31.
43. Nazaroff WW (2004) Indoor particle dynamics. Indoor Air 14: 175-183.
44. Nicolas M (2006) Ozone et qualité de l'air intérieur: interactions avec les produits de construction et de décoration. PhD thesis, University of Paris VII.
45. OQAI - French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (2006) Etat de la qualité de l'air dans les logements français.
46. Orecchio S (2011) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor emission from decorative candles. Atmos Environ 45: 1888-1895.
47. Pagels J, Wierzbicka A, Nilsson E, Isaxon C, Dahl A, Gudmundsson A et al (2009) Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles. J Aerosol Sci 40: 193-208.
48. Riberon J, O'Kelly P (2002) Maison automatisée de recherches innovantes sur l'air (MARIA): An experimental tool at the service of indoor air quality in housing sector. In: Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002, International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate; 2002 June 30-July 5, Monterey, USA, pp 191-195.
49. Sarwar G, Corsi R, Kimura Y, Allen D, Weschler CJ (2002) Hydroxyl radicals in indoor environments. Atmos Environ 36: 3973-3988.
50. Schwarz K, Filipiak W, Amann A (2009) Determining concentration patterns of volatile compounds in exhaled breath by PTR-MS. J Breath Res 3: 1-15.
51. See WS, Balasubramanian R, Joshi UM (2007) Physical characteristics of nano-particles emitted from incense smoke. Sci Technol Adv Mater 8: 25-32.
52. Steinbacher M, Dommen J, Ammann C, Spirig C, Neftel A, Prevot ASH (2004) Performance characteristics of a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) derived from laboratory and field measurements. Int J Mass Spectrom 239: 117-128.
53. Taipale R, Ruuskanen TM, Rinne J, Kajos MK, Hakola H, Kulmala M (2008) Technical note: quantitative long-term measurements of VOC concentrations by PTR-MS - measurement, calibration, and volume mixing ratio calculation methods. Atmos Chem Phys 8: 6681-6698.
54. Tani A, Hayward S, Hewitt CN (2003) Measurement of monoterpenes and related compounds by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Int J Mass Spectrom 223-224: 561-578.
55. Thatcher TL, Lai ACK, Moreno-Jackson R, Sextro RG, Nazaroff WW (2002) Effects of room furnishings and air speed on particle deposition rates indoors. Atmos Environ 36: 1811-1819.
56. Thatcher TL, Lunden MM, Revzan KL, Sextro RG, Brown NJ (2003) A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment. Aerosol Sci Technol 37: 847-864.
57. Tichenor BA (2004) Adsorption and desorption of pollutants to and from indoor surfaces. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 4: 73-87.
58. Tlili S, Nieto-Gligorovski LI, Temime-Roussel B, Gligorovski S, Wortham H (2010) Temperature and humidity dependence of the adsorption and desorption rates for acetone and xylene on silicon wafer. J Electrochem Soc 157: 43-48.
59. Tran TC, Marriott PJ (2007) Characterization of incense smoke by solid phase microextraction - comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). Atmos Environ 41: 5756-5768.
60. Tran TC, Marriott PJ (2008) Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry and simultaneous electron capture detection/nitrogen phosphorous detection for incense analysis. Atmos Environ 42: 7360-7372.
61. Uhde E, Salthammer T (2006) Influence of molecular parameters on the sink effect in test chambers. Indoor Air 16: 158-165.
62. Vlasenko A, Macdonald AM, Sjostedt SJ, Abbatt JPD (2010) Formaldehyde measurements by Proton transfer reaction - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): correction for humidity effects. Atmos Meas Tech 3: 1055-1062.
63. Wallace L (2006) Indoor sources of ultrafine and accumulation mode particles: size distributions, size-resolved concentrations, and source strengths. Aerosol Sci Technol 40: 348-360.
64. Wang H, Morrison GC (2006) Ozone-initiated secondary emission rates of aldehydes from indoor surfaces in four homes. Environ Sci Technol 40: 5263-5268.
65. Wang B, Lee SC, Ho KF, Kang YM (2007) Characteristics of emissions of air pollutants from burning of incense in temples, Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 377: 52-60.
66. Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Fall R (2003) Validation of atmospheric VOC measurements by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry using a gas-chromatographic preseparation method. Environ Sci Technol 37: 2494-2501.
67. Weschler CJ (2011) Chemistry in indoor environments: 20 years of research. Indoor Air 21: 205-218.
68. WHO - World Health Organization (2005) Air quality guidelines - global update 2005. WHO Regional Publications, editor. European Series.
69. WHO - World Health Organization (2010) WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants. WHO Regional Publications, editor. European Series.
70. Yang TT, Lin TS, Chang M (2007a) Characteristics of emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from smoldering incense. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 78: 308-313.
71. Yang TT, Kuo YM, Hung HF, Shie RH, Chang P (2007b) Gas pollutant emissions from smoldering incense using FTIR. Aerosol Air Qual Res 7: 417-431.
72. Yang C, Lin T, Chang F (2007c) Particle size distribution and PAH concentrations of incense smoke in a combustion chamber. Environ Pollut 145: 606-615.
73. Zai S, Zhen H, Jia-Song W (2006) Studies on the size distribution, number and mass emission factors of candle particles characterized by modes of burning. J Aerosol Sci 37: 1484-1496.
74. Zhang J, Chen Q (2002) Modeling VOC Sorption of building materials and its impact on indoor air quality. Report No.: ASHRAE RP-1097.
75. +) and volatile organic compounds. Atmos Environ 38: 2177-2185.