Molecular markers as selection tools in tomato breeding

Acta Horticulturae

Volumn 695, Issue , 2005, Pages 225-240

  Foolad, Majid R ^a   Sharma, Arun ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs); Genetic maps; Genetic markers; Lycopersicon esculentum; QTL mapping; Quantitative trait loci; Resistance gene analog (RGA); Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879654121     PISSN: 05677572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.695.25     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Adams, M.D., Kelley, J.M., Gocayne, J.D., Dubnick, M., Polymeropoulos, M.H., Xiao, H., Merril, C.R., Wu, A., Olde, B., Moreno, R.F., Kerlavage, A.R., McCombie, W.R. and Venter, J.C. 1991. Complementary DNA sequencing: Expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science 252:1651-1656.
2. Ammiraju, J.S.S., Veremis, J.C., Huang, X., Roberts, P.A. and Kaloshian, I. 2003. The heat-stable root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi-9 from Lycopersicon peruvianum is localized on the short arm of chromosome 6. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:478-484.
3. Bai, Y., Huang, C.C., van der Hulst, R., Meijer-Dekens, F., Bonnema, G. and Lindhout, P. 2003. QTLs for tomato powdery mildew resistance (Oidium lycopersici) in Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 co-localize with two qualitative powdery mildew resistance genes. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 16:169-176.
4. Balint-Kurti, P.J., Dixon, M.S., Jones, D.A., Norcott, K.A. and Jones, J.D.G. 1994. RFLP linkage analysis of the Cf-4 and Cf-9 genes for resistance to Cladospsorium fulvum in tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 88:691-700.
5. Ballvora, A., Pierre, M., van den Ackerveken, G., Schornack, S., Rossier, O., Ganal, M., Lahaye, T. and Bonas, U. 2001. Genetic mapping and functional analysis of the tomato Bs-4 locus governing recognition of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:629-638.
6. Behare, J., Laterrot, H., Sarfatti, M. and Zamir, D. 1991. RFLP mapping of the Stemphylium resistance gene in tomato. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 4:489-492.
7. Bernacchi, D. and Tanksley, S.D. 1997. An interspecific backcross of Lycopersicon esculentum ∞ L. hirsutum: Linkage analysis and a QTL study of sexual compatibility factors and floral traits. Genetics 147:861-877.
8. Bernatzky, R. and Tanksley, S.D. 1986. Towards a saturated linkage map in tomato based on isozymes and random cDNA sequences. Genetics 112:887-898.
9. Bostein, D., White, R.L., Skolnick, M. and Davis, R.W. 1980. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32:314-331.
10. Bournival, B.L., Vallejos, C.E. and Scott, J.W. 1990. Genetic analysis of resistances to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici from the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79:641-645.
11. Brommenschenkel, S.H., Frary, A., Frary, A. and Tanksley, S.D. 2000. The broad- 230 spectrum tospovirus resistance gene Sw-5 of tomato is a homolog of the root-knot nematode resistance gene Mi. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 2000:1130-1138.
12. Brommenschenkel, S.H. and Tanksley, S.D. 1997. Map-based cloning of the tomato genomic region that spans the Sw-5 tospovirus resistance gene in tomato. Mol. Gen. Genet. 256:121-126.
13. Brouwer, D.J., Jones, E.S. and St. Clair, D.A. 2004. QTL analysis of quantitative resistance to Phytophthora infestans (late blight) in tomato and comparisons with potato. Genome 47:475-492.
14. Brouwer, D.J. and St. Clair, D.A. 2004. Fine mapping of three quantitative trait loci for late blight resistance in tomato using near isogenic lines (NILs) and sub-NILs. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:628-638.
15. Chagué, V., Mercier, J.C., Guénard, M., de Courcel, A.G.L. and Vedel, F. 1997. Identification of RAPD markers linked to a locus involved in quantiative resistance to TYLCV in tomato by bulked segregant analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95:671-677.
16. Chen, F.Q. and Foolad, M.R. 1999. A molecular linkage map of tomato based on a cross between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium and its comparison with other molecular maps of tomato. Genome 42:94-103.
17. Chunwongse, J., Bunn, T.B., Crossman, C., Jinag, J. and Tanksley, S.D. 1994. Chromosomal localization and molecular-marker tagging of the powdery mildew resistance gene (Lv) in tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89:76-79.
18. Chunwongse, J., Chunwongse, C., Black, L. and Hanson, P. 2002. Molecular mapping of Ph-3 gene for late blight resistance in tomato. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 77:281-286.
19. Coaker, G.L. and Francis, D.M. 2004. Mapping, genetic effects, and epistatic interaction to two bacterial canker resistance QTLs from Lycopersicon hirsutum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:1047-1055.
20. Danesh, D., Aarons, S., Mcgill, G.E. and Young, N.D. 1994. Genetic dissection of oligogenic resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 7:464-471.
21. De Giovanni, C., Dell'Orco, P., Bruno, A., Ciccarese, F., Lotti, C. and Ricciardi, L. 2004. Identification of PCR-based markers (RAPD, AFLP) linked to a novel powdery mildew resistance gene (ol-2) in tomato. Plant Sci. 166:41-48.
22. Diwan, N., Fluhr, R., Ehsed, Y., Zamir, D. and Tanksley, S.D. 1999. Mapping of Ve in tomato: a gene conferring resistance to the broad-spectrum pathogen, Verticillium dahliae race 1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:315-319.
23. Doganlar, S., Dodson, J., Gabor, B., Beck-Bunn, T., Crossman, C. and Tanksley, S.D. 1998. Molecular mapping of the py-1 gene for resistance to corky root rot (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici) in tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 97:784-788.
24. Doganlar, S., Frary, A., Ku, H.M. and Tanksley, S.D. 2002. Mapping quantitative trait loci in inbred backcross lines of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (LA1589). Genome 45:1189-1202.
25. Dreher, K., Khairallah, M., Ribaut, J.-M. and Morris, M. 2003. Money matters (I): costs of field and laboratory procedures associated with conventional and marker-assisted maize breeding at CIMMYT. Mol. Breed. 11:221-234.
26. Duvick, D.N. 1986. Plant breeding: past achievement and expectations for the future. Econ. Bot. 40:289-294.
27. Eathington, S.R., Dudley, J.W. and Rufener-II, G.K. 1997. Usefulness of marker-QTL association in early generation selection. Crop Sci. 37:1686-1693.
28. Eshed, Y. and Zamir, D. 1995. An introgression line population of Lycopersicon pennellii in the cultivated tomato enables the identification and fine mapping of yield-associated QTL. Genetics 141:1147-1162.
29. Flint-Garcia, S.A., Darrah, L.L., MacMullen, M.D. and Hibbard, B.E. 2003. Phenotypic versus marker-assisted selection for stalk strength and second-generation European corn borer resistance in maize. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1331-1336.
30. Foolad, M.R., Zhang, L., Khan, A., Niño-Liu, D. and Lin, G.Y. 2002. Identification of QTLs for early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using backcross 231 populations of a Lycopersicon esculentum ∞ L. hirsutum cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104:945-958.
31. Frary, A., Graham, E., Jacobs, J., Chetelat, R.T. and Tanksley, S.D. 1998. Identification of QTL for late blight resistance from L. pimpinellifolium L3708. Tomato Genetics Coop. Rprt. 48:19-21.
32. Fulton, T.M., Beck-Bunn, T., Emmatty, D., Eshed, Y., Lopez, J., Petiard, V., Uhlig, J., Zamir, D. and Tanksley, S.D. 1997. QTL analysis of an advanced backcross of Lycopersicon peruvianum to the cultivated tomato and comparison with QTLs found in other wild species. Theor. Appl. Genet. 95:881-894.
33. Fulton, T.M., Grandillo, S., Beck-Bunn, T., Fridman, E., Frampton, A.J., Lopez, J., Petiard, V., Uhlig, J., Zamir, D. and Tanksley, S.D. 2000. Advanced backcross QTL analysis of a Lycopersicon esculentum X Lycopersicon parviflorum cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1025-1042.
34. Ganal, M.W., Simon, R., Brommonschenkel, S., Tanksley, S.D. and Kumar, A. 1995. Genetic mapping of a wide spectrum nematode resistance gene (Hero) against Globodera rostochiensis in tomato. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 8:886-891.
35. Grandillo, S. and Tanksley, S.D. 1996. Genetic analysis of RFLPs, GATA microsatellites and RAPDs in a cross between L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium. Theor. Appl. Genet. 92:957-965.
36. Griffiths, P.D. and Scott, J.W. 2001. Inheritance and linkage of tomato mottle virus resistance genes derived from Lycopersicon chilense accession LA 1932. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126:462-467.
37. Hanson, P.M., Bernacchi, D., Green, S., Tanksley, S.D. and Muniy-Appa, V. 2000. Mapping a wild tomato introgression associated with tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance in a cultivated tomato line. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125:15-20.
38. Huang, C.C., Cui, Y.Y., Weng, C.R., Zabel, P. and Lindhout, P. 2000. Development of diagnostic PCR markers closely linked to the tomato powdery mildew resistance gene Ol-1 on chromosome 6 of tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:918-924.
39. Jefferies, S.P., King, B.J., Barr, A.R., Warner, P., Logue, S.J. and Langridge, P. 2003. Marker-assisted backcross introgression of the Yd2 gene conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus in barley. Plant Breed. 122:52-56.
40. Jeffreys, A.J., Wilson, V. and Thein, S.L. 1985. Hypervariable 'minisatellite' regions in human DNA. Nature 314:67-73.
41. Jiang, G.H., Xu, C.G., Tu, J.M., Li, X.H., He, Y.Q. and Zhang, Q.F. 2004. Pyramiding of insect- and disease-resistance genes into an elite indica, cytoplasm male sterile restorer liine of rice, 'Minghui 63'. Plant Breed. 123:112-116.
42. Jones, D.A., Dickinson, M.J., Balint-Kurti, P.J., Dixon, M.S. and Jones, J.D.G. 1993. Two complex resistance loci revealed in tomato by classical and RFLP mapping of Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5, and Cf-9 genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6:348-357.
43. Kabelka, E., Franchino, B. and Francis, D.M. 2002. Two loci from Lycopersicon hirsutum LA407 confer resistance to strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Phytopath. 92:504-510.
44. Kawchuk, L.M., Hachey, J. and Lynch, D.R. 1998. Development of sequence characterized DNA markers linked to a dominant verticillium wilt resistance gene in tomato. Genome 41:91-95.
45. Kelly, J.D., Gepts, P., Miklas, P.N. and Coyn, D.P. 2003. Tagging and mapping of genes and QTL and molecular marker-assisted selection for traits of economic importance in bean and cowpea. Field Crops Res. 82:135-154.
46. Knapp, S.J. 1998. Marker-assisted selection as a strategy for increasing the probability of selecting superior genotypes. Crop Sci. 38:1164-1174.
47. Konieczny, A. and Ausubel, F.A. 1993. A procedure for mapping Arabidopsis mutations using co-dominant ecotype-specific PCR-based markers. Plant J. 4:403-410.
48. Landegren, U., Nilsson, M. and Kwok, P.Y. 1998. Reading bits of genetic information: Methods for single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Genome Res. 8:769-776.
49. Lauge, R., Dmitriev, A.P., Joosten, M.H.A. and De Wit, P.J.G.M. 1998. Additional resistance gene(s) against Cladosporium fulvum present on the Cf-9 introgression segment are associated with strong PR protein accumulation. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 11:301-308.
50. Lecomte, L., Duffé, P., Buret, M., Servin, B., Hospital, F. and Causse, M. 2004. Marker-assisted introgression of five QTLs controlling fruit quality traits into three tomato lines revealed interactions between QTLs and genetic backgrounds. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109:658-668.
51. Levesque, H., Vedel, F., Mathieu, C. and de Courcel, A.G.L. 1990. Identification of a short rDNA spacer sequence highly specific of a tomato line containing Tm-1 gene introgressed from Lycopersicon hirsutum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:602-608.
52. Linkage committee, L.B. (coordinator). 1968. Linkage summary. Tomato Coop. Genetic Rprt. 18:4-6.
53. Lukyanenko, A.N. 1991. Disease resistance in tomato. p.99-119. In: G. Kalloo (ed.), Genetic Improvement of tomato, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
54. Mangin, B., Thoquet, P. and Grimsley, N.H. 1999. Temporal and multiple quantitative trait loci analyses of resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato permit the resolution of linked loci. Genetics 151:1165-1172.
55. Martin, G.B., Vicente, M.C.d. and Tanksley, S.D. 1993. High-resolution linkage analysis and physical chraracterization of the Pto bacterial resistance locus in tomato. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 6:26-34.
56. Mesbah, L.A., Kneppers, R.J.A., Takken, F.L.W., Laurent, P., Hille, J. and Nijkamp, H.J.J. 1999. Genetic and physical analysis of a YAC contig spanning the fungal disease resistance locus Asc of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Mol. Gen. Genet. 261:50-57.
57. Moreau, P., Thoquet, P., Olivier, J., Laterrot, H. and Grimsley, N.H. 1998. Genetic mapping of Ph-2, a single locus controlling partial resistance to Phytophthora infestans in tomato. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 11:259-268.
58. Ori, N., Eshed, Y., Paran, I., Presting, G., Aviv, D., Tanksley, S., Zamir, D. and Fluhr, R. 1997. The I2C family from the wilt disease resistance locus I2 belongs to the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat superfamily of plant resistance genes. Plant Cell 9:521-532.
59. Orita, M., Iwahara, H., Kanazawa, H., Hayashi, K. and Sekiya, T. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2766-2770.
60. Paran, I. and Michelmore, R.W. 1993. Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85:985-993.
61. Parrlla, G., Ruffel, S., Moretti, A., Morel, C., Palloix, A. and Caranta, C. 2002. Recessive resistance genes against potyviruses are localized in colinear genomic regions of the tomato (Lycopersicon spp.) and pepper (Capsicum spp.) genomes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:855-861.
62. Paterson, A.H., Damon, S., Hewitt, J.D., Zamir, D., Rabinowitch, H.D., Lincoln, S.E., Lander, E.S. and Tanksley, S.D. 1991. Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in tomato: comparison across species, generations, and environments. Genetics 127:181-197.
63. Paterson, A.H., Lander, E.S., Hewitt, J.D., Peterson, S., Lincoln, S.E. and Tanksley, S.D. 1988. Resolution of quantitative traits into Mendelian factors by using a complete linkage map of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Nature 335:721-726.
64. Pierce, L.C. 1971. Linkage test with Ph conditioning resistance to race 0. Rpt. Tomato Genet. Coop. 21:30.
65. Pillen, K., Pineda, O., Lewis, C. and Tanksley, S.D. 1996. Status of genome mapping tools in the taxon Solanaceae. p.281-308. In: A. Paterson (ed.), Genome mapping in plants, R.G. Landes, Austin, Texas.
66. Rick, C.M. 1975. The tomato. p.247-280. In: R.C. King (ed.), Handbook of Genetics, Plenum Press, New York.
67. Rick, C.M., DeVerna, J.W., Chetelat, R.T. and Stevens, M.A. 1987. Potential contributions of wild crosses to improvement of processing tomatoes. Acta Hort. 200:45-55.
68. Robert, V.J.M., West, M.A.L., Inai, S., Caines, A., Arntzen, L., Smith, J.K. and St.Clair, D.A. 2001. Marker-assisted introgression of blackmold QTL alleles from wild Lycopersicon cheesmanii to cultivated tomato (L. esculentum) and evaluation of QTL phenotypic effects. Mol. Breed. 8:217-233.
69. Romagosa, I., Han, F., Ullrich, S.E., Hayes, P.M. and Wesenberg, D.M. 1999. Verification of yield QTL through realized molecular marker-assisted selection responses in a barley cross. Mol. Breed. 5:143-152.
70. Saliba-Colombani, V., Causse, M., Gervais, L. and Philouze, J. 2000. Efficiency of RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP markers for the construction of an intraspecific map of the tomato genome. Genome 43:29-40.
71. Sarfatti, M., Abu-Abied, M., Katan, J. and Zamir, D. 1991. RFLP mapping of I1, a new locus in tomato conferring resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:22-26.
72. Sax, K. 1923. The association of size differences with seed coat pattern and pigmentation in Phaesolus vulgaris. Genetics 8:552-60.
73. Segal, G., Sarfatti, M., Schaffer, M.A., Ori, N., Zamir, D. and Fluhr, R. 1992. Correlation of genetic and physical structure in the region surrounding the I2 Fusarium oxysporum resistance locus in tomato. Mol. Gen. Genet. 231:179-185.
74. Simons, G., Groenendijk, J., Wijbrandi, J. and Reijans, M. 1998. Dissection of the Fusarium I2 gene cluster in tomato reveals six homologs and one active gene copy. Plant Cell 10:1055-1066.
75. Singh, S., Sindhu, J.S., Huang, N., Vikal, Y., Li, Z., Brar, D.S., Dhaliwal, H.S. and Kush, G.S. 2001. Pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes (xa5, xa13 and Xa21) using marker-assisted selection into indica rice cultivar PR106. Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:1011-1015.
76. Stamova, B.S. and Chetelat, R.T. 2000. Inheritance and genetic mapping of cucumber mosaic virus resistance introgressed from Lycopersicon chilense into tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 101:527-537.
77. Stevens, M.R., Lamb, E.M. and Rhoads, D.D. 1995. Mapping the Sw-5 locus for tomato spotted wild virus resistance in tomatoes using RAPD and RFLP analyses. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90:451-456.
78. Stommel, J.R. and Zhang, Y.P. 1998. Molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci for anthracnose resistance in tomato (Abstract). HortSci. 33:514.
79. Tanksley, S.D. 1993. Linkage map of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (2N = 24). p.6.3-6.15. In: S.J. O'Brian (ed.), Genetic maps: Locus maps of complex genomes, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
80. Tanksley, S.D. and Costello, W. 1991. The size of the L. pennellii chromosome 7 segment containing the I-3 gene in tomato breeding lines measured by RFLP probing. Rpt. Tomato Genet. Coop. 41:60.
81. Tanksley, S.D., Ganal, M.W., Prince, J.P., de-Vicente, M.C., Bonierbale, M.W., Broun, P., Fulton, T.M., giovannoni, J.J., Grandillo, S., Martin, G.B., Messeguer, R., Miller, J.C., Miller, L., Paterson, A.H., Pineda, O., Roder, M.S., Wing, R.A., Wu, W. and Young, N.D. 1992. High density molecular linkage maps of the tomato and potato genomes. Genetics 132:1141-1160.
82. Tanksley, S.D. and Rick, C.M. 1980. Isozyme gene linkage map of tomato: Applications in genetics and breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet. 57:161-170.
83. Tautz, D. 1989. Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:6463-6471.
84. Thoquet, P., Olivier, J., Sperisen, C., Rogowsky, P., Laterrot, H. and Grimsley, N.H. 1996. Quantitative trati loci determining resistance to bacterial wilt in tomato cultivar Hawaii 7996. Molec. Plant-Microbe Interact. 9:826-836.
85. U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. Global population at a glance: 2002 and beyond. Washington, .
86. D.C. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Washington, D.C. www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf.
87. Vakalounakis, D.J., Laterrot, H., Moretti, A., Ligoxigakis, E.K. and Smardas, K. 1997. Linkage between Fr1 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici resistance) and Tm-2 (tobacco mosaic virus resistance-2) loci in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Ann. Appl. Biol. 130:319-323.
88. van der Beek, J.G., Pet, G. and Lindhout, P. 1994. Resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium lycopersicum) in Lycopersicon hirsutum is controlled by an incompletely-dominant gene OI-1 on chromosome 6. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89:467-473.
89. van der Biezen, E.A., Glagotskaya, T., Overduin, B., Nijkamp, H.J.J. and Hille, J. 1995. Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to Alternaria alternata f. sp lycopersici in Lycopersicon pennellii. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247:453-461.
90. van Heusden, A.W., Koornneef, M., Voorrips, R.E., Brüggemann, W., Pet, G., Vrielink-van Ginkel, R., Chen, X. and Lindhout, P. 1999. Three QTLs from Lycopersicon peruvianum confer a high level of resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:1068-1074.
91. van-Ooijen, W., Sandbrink, J.M., Vrielink, M. and Zabel, P. 1994. An RFLP linkage map of Lycopersicon peruvianum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89:1007-1013.
92. Veremis, J.C., van Heusden, A.W. and Roberts, P.A. 1999. Mapping a novel heat-stable resistance to Meloidogyne in Lycopersicon peruvianum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:274-280.
93. Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bleeker, M., Reijans, M., van de Lee, T., Hornes, M., Frijters, A., Pot, J., Peleman, J., Kuiper, M. and Zabeau, M. 1995. AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:4407-4414.
94. Warren, G.F. 1998. Spectacular increases in crop yields in the twentieth century. Weed Technol. 12:752-760.
95. Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.E., Levak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A. and Tingey, S.C. 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6531-6535.
96. Williamson, V.M., Ho, J.Y., Wu, F.F., Miller, N. and Kaloshian, I. 1994. A PCR-based marker tightly linked to the nematode resistance gene, Mi, in tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 87:757-763.
97. Yaghoobi, J., Kaloshian, I., Wen, Y. and Williamson, V.M. 1995. Mapping of a new nematode resistance locus in Lycopersicon peruvianum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 91:457-464.
98. Young, N.D. and Tanksley, S.D. 1988. Use of isogenic lines and simultaneous probing to identify DNA markers tightly linked to the Tm-2a gene in tomato. Genetics 120:579-589.
99. Zamir, D., Ekstein-Michelson, I., Zakay, U., Navot, N., Zeidan, M., Sarfatti, M., Eshed, Y., Harel, E., Pleban, T., van-Oss, H., Kedar, N., Rabinowitch, H.D. and Czosnek, H. 1994. Mapping and introgression of a tomato yellow leaf curl virus tolerance gene, Ty-1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 88:141-146.
100. Zhang, L., Lin, G.Y., Niño-Liu, D.O. and Foolad, M.R. 2003. Mapping QTLs conferring early blight (Alternaria solani) resistance in a Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum cross by selective genotyping. Mol. Breed. 12:3-19.
101. Zhang, L.P., Khan, A., Niño-Liu, D. and Foolad, M.R. 2002. A molecular linkage map of tomato displaying chromosomal locations of resistance gene analogs based on a Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum cross. Genome 45:133-146.
102. Zhou, W.-C., Kolb, F.L., Bai, G.-H., Domier, L.L., Boze, L.K. and Smith, N.J. 2003. Validation of a major QTL for scab resistance with SSR markers and use of marker-assisted selection in wheat. Plant Breed. 122:40-46.
103. Zhu, H., Briceno, B., Dovel, R., Hayes, P.M., Liu, B.H., Liu, C.T. and Ullrich, S.E. 1999. Molecular breeding for grain yield in barley: an evaluation of QTL effects in a spring barley cross. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:772-779.