Neurophysiological determinants of theoretical concepts and mechanisms involved in pacing

Sports Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 301-311

  Roelands, Bart ^a,b   De Koning, Jos ^c,d   Foster, Carl ^c,d   Hettinga, Floor ^e   Meeusen, Romain ^a  

^a VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

^b RESEARCH FOUNDATION FLANDERS FWO   (Belgium)

^c VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN LA CROSSE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; CLIMATE; DRUG EFFECT; ENDURANCE; FATIGUE; HEAT; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RUNNING; ADVERSE EFFECTS; DRUG EFFECTS;

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CLIMATE; FATIGUE; HOT TEMPERATURE; HUMANS; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; RUNNING; BIOMARKERS;

EID: 84879623010     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: 11792035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0030-4     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Meeusen R, Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF. Central fatigue: the serotonin hypothesis and beyond. Sports Med. 2006;36(10): 881-909.
2. Amann M. Central and peripheral fatigue: interaction during cycling exercise in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(11): 2039-45.
3. Roelands B, Meeusen R. Alterations in central fatigue by pharmacological manipulations of neurotransmitters in normal and high ambient temperature. Sports Med. 2010;40(3): 229-46.
4. St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Rauch LH, Tucker R, Baden DA, Foster C, et al. The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort. Sports Med. 2006;36(8): 705-22.
5. Tucker R, Rauch L, Harley YX, Noakes TD. Impaired exercise performance in the heat is associated with an anticipatory reduction in skeletal muscle recruitment. Pflugers Arch. 2004;448(4): 422-30.
6. Robinson S, Robinson DL, Mountjoy RJ, Bullard RW. Influence of fatigue on the efficiency of men during exhausting runs. J Appl Physiol. 1958;12(2): 197-201.
7. Foster C, Snyder AC, Thompson NN, Green MA, Foley M, Schrager M. Effect of pacing strategy on cycle time trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25(3): 383-8.
8. Foster C, Schrager M, Snyder AC, Thompson NN. Pacing strategy and athletic performance. Sports Med. 1994;17(2): 77-85.
9. Foster C, de Koning J, BIschel S, Casolino E, Malterer K, O'Brien K, et al. Pacing Strategies for Endurance Performance. In: Mujika I, editor. Endurance training, science and practice. 1 ed. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Inigo Mujika S.L.U.; 2012.
10. Tucker R, Noakes TD. The physiological regulation of pacing strategy during exercise: a critical review. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(6):e1.
11. Abbiss CR, Laursen PB. Describing and understanding pacing strategies during athletic competition. Sports Med. 2008;38(3): 239-52.
12. de Koning JJ, Foster C, Bakkum A, Kloppenburg S, Thiel C, Joseph T, et al. Regulation of pacing strategy during athletic competition. PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e15863.
13. Paterson S, Marino FE. Effect of deception of distance on prolonged cycling performance. Percept Mot Skills. 2004;98(3 Pt 1): 1017-26.
14. St Clair Gibson A, Goedecke JH, Harley YX, Myers LJ, Lambert MI, Noakes TD, et al. Metabolic setpoint control mechanisms in different physiological systems at rest and during exercise. J Theor Biol. 2005;236(1): 60-72.
15. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5): 377-81.
16. Hampson DB, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert MI, Noakes TD. The influence of sensory cues on the perception of exertion during exercise and central regulation of exercise performance. Sports Med. 2001;31(13): 935-52.
17. St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Evidence for complex system integration and dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(6): 797-806.
18. Craig AD. Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003;13(4): 500-5.
19. Hettinga FJ, de Koning JJ, Hulleman M, Foster C. Relative importance of pacing strategy and mean power output in 1500-m self-paced cycling. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(1): 30-5.
20. Tucker R. The anticipatory regulation of performance: the physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(6): 392-400.
21. Abbiss CR, Laursen PB. Models to explain fatigue during prolonged endurance cycling. Sports Med. 2005;35(10): 865-98.
22. Hill AV. Muscular activity and carbohydrate metabolism. Science. 1924;60(1562): 505-14.
23. Ulmer HV. Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback. Experientia. 1996;52(5): 416-20.
24. Noakes TD, St Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV. From catastrophe to complexity: a novel model of integrative central neural regulation of effort and fatigue during exercise in humans: summary and conclusions. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(2): 120-4.
25. Noakes TD. 1996 J.B. Wolffe Memorial Lecture. Challenging beliefs: ex Africa semper aliquid novi. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(5): 571-90.
26. Reid C. The mechanism of voluntary muscular fatigue. Br Med J. 1927;2(3481): 545-6.
27. Swart J, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI, Gibson ASC, Lambert EV, Skowno J, et al. Exercising with reserve: evidence that the central nervous system regulates prolonged exercise performance. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(10): 782-8.
28. Kaufman MP, Hayes SG, Adreani CM, Pickar JG. Discharge properties of group III and IV muscle afferents. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;508: 25-32.
29. Amann M, Proctor LT, Sebranek JJ, Eldridge MW, Pegelow DF, Dempsey JA. Somatosensory feedback from the limbs exerts inhibitory influences on central neural drive during whole body endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105(6): 1714-24.
30. Amann M, Dempsey JA. Locomotor muscle fatigue modifies central motor drive in healthy humans and imposes a limitation to exercise performance. J Physiol. 2008;586(1): 161-73.
31. Amann M, Proctor LT, Sebranek JJ, Pegelow DF, Dempsey JA. Opioid-mediated muscle afferents inhibit central motor drive and limit peripheral muscle fatigue development in humans. J Physiol. 2009;587(Pt 1): 271-83.
32. Lambert EV, St Clair Gibson A, Noakes TD. Complex systems model of fatigue: integrative homoeostatic control of peripheral physiological systems during exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(1): 52-62.
33. de Koning JJ, Bobbert MF, Foster C. Determination of optimal pacing strategy in track cycling with an energy flow model. J Sci Med Sport. 1999;2(3): 266-77.
34. Thomas K, Stone MR, Thompson KG, St Clair Gibson A, Ansley L. Reproducibility of pacing strategy during simulated 20-km cycling time trials in well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(1): 223-9.
35. Renfree A, West J, Corbett M, Rhoden C, St Clair Gibson A. Complex interplay between determinants of pacing and performance during 20 km cycle time trials. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2012;7: 121-9.
36. Garland SW. An analysis of the pacing strategy adopted by elite competitors in 2000 m rowing. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(1): 39-42.
37. Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi RC, Pires FO, Barros RV, Gagliardi JF, Hammond J, et al. Effect of performance level on pacing strategy during a 10-km running race. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(5): 1045-53.
38. Mattern CO, Kenefick RW, Kertzer R, Quinn TJ. Impact of starting strategy on cycling performance. Int J Sports Med. 2001;22(5): 350-5.
39. Hausswirth C, Le Meur Y, Bieuzen F, Brisswalter J, Bernard T. Pacing strategy during the initial phase of the run in triathlon: influence on overall performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(6): 1115-23.
40. Hettinga FJ, De Koning JJ, Schmidt LJ, Wind NA, Macintosh BR, Foster C. Optimal pacing strategy: from theoretical modelling to reality in 1500-m speed skating. Br J Sports Med. 2011; 45(1): 30-5.
41. Watson P, Hasegawa H, Roelands B, Piacentini MF, Looverie R, Meeusen R. Acute dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition enhances human exercise performance in warm, but not temperate conditions. J Physiol. 2005;565(Pt 3): 873-83.
42. Roelands B, Hasegawa H, Watson P, Piacentini MF, Buyse L, De Schutter G, et al. The effects of acute dopamine reuptake inhibition on performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(5): 879-85.
43. Roelands B, Goekint M, Heyman E, Piacentini MF, Watson P, Hasegawa H, et al. Acute norepinephrine reuptake inhibition decreases performance in normal and high ambient temperature. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105(1): 206-12.
44. Roelands B, Goekint M, Buyse L, Pauwels F, De Schutter G, Piacentini F, et al. Time trial performance in normal and high ambient temperature: is there a role for 5-HT? Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;107(1): 119-26.
45. Roelands B, Hasegawa H, Watson P, Piacentini MF, Buyse L, De Schutter G, et al. Performance and thermoregulatory effects of chronic bupropion administration in the heat. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;105(3): 493-8.
46. Roelands B, Buyse L, Pauwels F, Delbeke F, Deventer K, Meeusen R. No effect of caffeine on exercise performance in high ambient temperature. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(12): 3089-95.
47. Galloway SD, Maughan RJ. Effects of ambient temperature on the capacity to perform prolonged cycle exercise in man. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997;29(9): 1240-9.
48. Parkin JM, Carey MF, Zhao S, Febbraio MA. Effect of ambient temperature on human skeletal muscle metabolism during fatiguing submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86(3): 902-8.
49. Tatterson AJ, Hahn AG, Martin DT, Febbraio MA. Effects of heat stress on physiological responses and exercise performance in elite cyclists. J Sci Med Sport. 2000;3(2): 186-93.
50. Jeukendrup A, Saris WH, Brouns F, Kester AD. A new validated endurance performance test. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(2): 266-70.
51. Hickey MS, Costill DL, McConell GK, Widrick JJ, Tanaka H. Day to day variation in time trial cycling performance. Int J Sports Med. 1992;13(6): 467-70.
52. Klass M, Roelands B, Levenez M, Fontenelle V, Pattyn N, Meeusen R, et al. Effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on supraspinal fatigue in well-trained men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(12): 2299-308.
53. Roelands B, Watson P, Cordery P, Decoster S, Debaste E, Maughan R, et al. A dopamine/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor improves performance in the heat, but only at the maximum therapeutic dose. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(5):e93-8.
54. Cheung SS. Hyperthermia and voluntary exhaustion: integrating models and future challenges. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007; 32(4): 808-17.
55. Gonzalez-Alonso J, Teller C, Andersen SL, Jensen FB, Hyldig T, Nielsen B. Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86(3): 1032-9.
56. Walters TJ, Ryan KL, Tate LM, Mason PA. Exercise in the heat is limited by a critical internal temperature. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(2): 799-806.
57. Nybo L, Nielsen B. Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91(3): 1055-60.
58. Fuller A, Carter RN, Mitchell D. Brain and abdominal temperatures at fatigue in rats exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol. 1998;84(3): 877-83.
59. Abbiss CR, Burnett A, Nosaka K, Green JP, Foster JK, Laursen PB. Effect of hot versus cold climates on power output, muscle activation, and perceived fatigue during a dynamic 100-km cycling trial. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(2): 117-25.
60. Ely BR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN. Aerobic performance is degraded, despite modest hyperthermia, hot environments. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(1): 135-41.
61. Abbiss C, Peiffer J, Wall B, Martin D, Laursen P. Influence of starting strategy on cycling time trial performance in the heat. Int J Sports Med. 2009;30(03): 188-93.
62. Barwood MJ, Corbett J, White D, James J. Early change in thermal perception is not a driver of anticipatory exercise pacing in the heat. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46: 936-42.
63. Levels K, de Koning JJ, Foster C, Daanen HA. The effect of skin temperature on performance during a 7.5-km cycling time trial. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112: 3387-95.
64. Crewe H, Tucker R, Noakes TD. The rate of increase in rating of perceived exertion predicts the duration of exercise to fatigue at a fixed power output in different environmental conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;103(5): 569-77.
65. Tucker R, Marle T, Lambert EV, Noakes TD. The rate of heat storage mediates an anticipatory reduction in exercise intensity during cycling at a fixed rating of perceived exertion. J Physiol. 2006;574(Pt 3): 905-15.
66. Skein M, Duffield R. The effects of fluid ingestion on free-paced intermittent-sprint performance and pacing strategies in the heat. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(3): 299-307.
67. Corbett J, Barwood MJ, Ouzounoglou A, Thelwell R, Dicks M. Influence of competition on performance and pacing during cycling exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(3): 509-15.
68. Impellizzeri FM. Psychobiological factors are more important than central fatigue in limiting endurance performance. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(2):459 (author reply 69).
69. Meeusen R, Roelands B. Central fatigue and neurotransmitters, can thermoregulation be manipulated? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20(Suppl 3): 19-28.
70. Bridge MW, Weller AS, Rayson M, Jones DA.Responses to exercise in the heat related to measures of hypothalamic serotonergic and dopaminergic function. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;89(5): 451-9.
71. Cooper BR, Wang CM, Cox RF, Norton R, Shea V, Ferris RM. Evidence that the acute behavioral and electrophysiological effects of bupropion (Wellbutrin) are mediated by a noradrenergic mechanism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1994;11(2): 133-41.
72. Piacentini MF, Meeusen R, Buyse L, De Schutter G, Kempenaers F, Van Nijvel J, et al. No effect of a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor on performance in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(7): 1189-93.