Making graphene Holey. Gold-nanoparticle-mediated hydroxyl radical attack on reduced graphene oxide

ACS Nano

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 5546-5557

  Radich, James G ^a,b   Kamat, Prashant V ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^b University of Notre Dame   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

gold nanoparticles; graphene; graphene oxide; hydroxyl radical; reduced graphene oxide

Indexed keywords

ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGES; FUNCTIONAL COMPOSITES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GRAPHENE OXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICALS; PHOTOLYTIC DECOMPOSITION; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDES; REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDES (RGO);

CATALYSIS; ENERGY CONVERSION; FREE RADICALS; GOLD; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATION; RATE CONSTANTS; REACTION KINETICS;

GRAPHENE;

GOLD; GRAPHITE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; METAL NANOPARTICLE; OXIDE;

ARTICLE; CATALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS;

CATALYSIS; GOLD; GRAPHITE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OXIDES; PHOTOLYSIS;

EID: 84879622506     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn401794k     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Bolotin, K. I.; Sikes, K. J.; Jiang, Z.; Klima, M.; Fudenberg, G.; Hone, J.; Kim, P.; Stormer, H. L. Ultrahigh Electron Mobility in Suspended Graphene Solid State Commun. 2008, 146, 351-355
2. Morozov, S. V.; Novoselov, K. S.; Katsnelson, M. I.; Schedin, F.; Elias, D. C.; Jaszczak, J. A.; Geim, A. K. Giant Intrinsic Carrier Mobilities in Graphene and Its Bilayer Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100
3. Li, X. S.; Cai, W. W.; An, J. H.; Kim, S.; Nah, J.; Yang, D. X.; Piner, R.; Velamakanni, A.; Jung, I.; Tutuc, E. et al. Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils Science 2009, 324, 1312-1314
4. Zeller, P.; Danhardt, S.; Gsell, S.; Schreck, M.; Wintterlin, J. Scalable Synthesis of Graphene on Single Crystal Ir(111) Films Surf. Sci. 2012, 606, 1475-1480
5. Yan, Z.; Lin, J.; Peng, Z. W.; Sun, Z. Z.; Zhu, Y.; Li, L.; Xiang, C. S.; Samuel, E. L.; Kittrell, C.; Tour, J. M. Toward the Synthesis of Wafer-Scale Single-Crystal Graphene on Copper Foils ACS Nano 2012, 6, 9110-9117
6. Wang, H.; Wang, G. Z.; Bao, P. F.; Yang, S. L.; Zhu, W.; Xie, X.; Zhang, W. J. Controllable Synthesis of Submillimeter Single-Crystal Monolayer Graphene Domains on Copper Foils by Suppressing Nucleation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 3627-3630
7. Hamilton, C. E.; Lomeda, J. R.; Sun, Z. Z.; Tour, J. M.; Barron, A. R. High-Yield Organic Dispersions of Unfunctionalized Graphene Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3460-3462
8. Oh, S. Y.; Kim, S. H.; Chi, Y. S.; Kang, T. J. Fabrication of Oxide-Free Graphene Suspension and Transparent Thin Films Using Amide Solvent and Thermal Treatment Appl. Surf. Sci. 2012, 258, 8837-8844
9. Chen, N.; Liu, Y. T.; Xie, X. M.; Ye, X. Y.; Feng, X.; Chen, Y. F.; Wang, Y. H. High-Concentration Aliphatic and Aromatic Dispersions of Single- and Few-Layer Graphene Noncovalently Modified by Block Copolymer Crystallization Carbon 2012, 50, 4760-4764
10. Skaltsas, T.; Karousis, N.; Yan, H. J.; Wang, C. R.; Pispas, S.; Tagmatarchis, N. Graphene Exfoliation in Organic Solvents and Switching Solubility in Aqueous Media with the Aid of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 21507-21512
11. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339
12. Kim, J.; Cote, L. J.; Kim, F.; Yuan, W.; Shull, K. R.; Huang, J. X. Graphene Oxide Sheets at Interfaces J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8180-8186
13. Paredes, J. I.; Villar-Rodil, S.; Martinez-Alonso, A.; Tascon, J. M. D. Graphene Oxide Dispersions in Organic Solvents Langmuir 2008, 24, 10560-10564
14. Acik, M.; Lee, G.; Mattevi, C.; Pirkle, A.; Wallace, R. M.; Chowalla, M.; Cho, K.; Chabal, Y. The Role of Oxygen during Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide Studied by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 19761-19781
15. Larciprete, R.; Fabris, S.; Sun, T.; Lacovig, P.; Baraldi, A.; Lizzit, S. Dual Path Mechanism in the Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17315-17321
16. Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Piner, R. D.; Kohlhaas, K. A.; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Carbon 2007, 45, 1558-1565
17. Gomez-Navarro, C.; Weitz, R. T.; Bittner, A. M.; Scolari, M.; Mews, A.; Burghard, M.; Kern, K. Electronic Transport Properties of Individual Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3499-3503
18. Gilje, S.; Han, S.; Wang, M.; Wang, K. L.; Kaner, R. B. A Chemical Route to Graphene for Device Applications Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 3394-3398
19. Shao, Y. Y.; Wang, J.; Engelhard, M.; Wang, C. M.; Lin, Y. H. Facile and Controllable Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide and Its Applications J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 20, 743-748
20. Ramesha, G. K.; Sampath, S. Electrochemical Reduction of Oriented Graphene Oxide Films: An In Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemical Study J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 7985-7989
21. Guo, H. L.; Wang, X. F.; Qian, Q. Y.; Wang, F. B.; Xia, X. H. A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets ACS Nano 2009, 3, 2653-2659
22. Yu, H. W.; He, J. J.; Sun, L.; Tanaka, S.; Fugetsu, B. Influence of the Electrochemical Reduction Process on the Performance of Graphene-Based Capacitors Carbon 2013, 51, 94-101
23. Yang, J.; Gunasekaran, S. Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets for Use in High Performance Supercapacitors Carbon 2013, 51, 36-44
24. 2-Graphene Nanocomposites. UV-Assisted Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide ACS Nano 2008, 2, 1487-1491
25. Lightcap, I. V.; Kosel, T. H.; Kamat, P. V. Anchoring Semiconductor and Metal Nanoparticles on a Two-Dimensional Catalyst Mat. Storing and Shuttling Electrons with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 577-583
26. Ding, Y. H.; Zhang, P.; Zhuo, Q.; Ren, H. M.; Yang, Z. M.; Jiang, Y. A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets under UV Irradiation Nanotechnology 2011, 22
27. Shul'ga, Y. M.; Vasilets, V. N.; Baskakov, S. A.; Muradyan, V. E.; Skryleva, E. A.; Parkhomenko, Y. N. Photoreduction of Graphite Oxide Nanosheets with Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation High Energy Chem. 2012, 46, 117-121
28. Guardia, L.; Villar-Rodil, S.; Paredes, J. I.; Rozada, R.; Martinez-Alonso, A.; Tascon, J. M. D. UV Light Exposure of Aqueous Graphene Oxide Suspensions To Promote Their Direct Reduction, Formation of Graphene-Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids and Dye Degradation Carbon 2012, 50, 1014-1024
29. Kim, S. R.; Parvez, M. K.; Chhowalla, M. UV-Reduction of Graphene Oxide and Its Application as an Interfacial Layer To Reduce the Back-Transport Reactions in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 483, 124-127
30. Dreyer, D. R.; Park, S.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. The Chemistry of Graphene Oxide Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 228-240
31. Lightcap, I. V.; Kamat, P. V. Fortification of CdSe Quantum Dots with Graphene Oxide. Excited State Interactions and Light Energy Conversion J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7109-7116
32. 2S-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for High-Efficiency Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Overcoming the Redox Limitations of Polysulfide at the Counter Electrode J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 2453-2460
33. Kamat, P. V. Graphene-Based Nanoassemblies for Energy Conversion J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 242-251
34. Sun, S. R.; Gao, L. A.; Liu, Y. Q.; Sun, J. Assembly of CdSe Nanoparticles on Graphene for Low-Temperature Fabrication of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 2011, 98
35. Jia, L.; Wang, D. H.; Huang, Y. X.; Xu, A. W.; Yu, H. Q. Highly Durable N-Doped Graphene/CdS Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Visible Light Irradiation J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 11466-11473
36. Li, Q.; Guo, B. D.; Yu, J. G.; Ran, J. R.; Zhang, B. H.; Yan, H. J.; Gong, J. R. Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production of CdS-Cluster-Decorated Graphene Nanosheets J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 10878-10884
37. Min, S. X.; Lu, G. X. Dye-Sensitized Reduced Graphene Oxide Photocatalysts for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Water Reduction J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 13938-13945
38. Park, H.; Howden, R. M.; Barr, M. C.; Bulovic, V.; Gleason, K.; Kong, J. Organic Solar Cells with Graphene Electrodes and Vapor Printed Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Hole Transporting Layers ACS Nano 2012, 6, 6370-6377
39. Chou, S. L.; Wang, J. Z.; Choucair, M.; Liu, H. K.; Stride, J. A.; Dou, S. X. Enhanced Reversible Lithium Storage in a Nanosize Silicon/Graphene Composite Electrochem. Commun. 2010, 12, 303-306
40. 4 Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Performance ACS Nano 2010, 4, 3187-3194
41. 4 Nanoparticles Embedded into Graphene Nanosheets: Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties for Supercapacitors Electrochim. Acta 2010, 55, 6812-6817
42. 4 Composite for Supercapacitors Electrochim. Acta 2010, 55, 6973-6978
43. 4-Graphene Hybrid as a High-Capacity Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13978-13980
44. Yang, Y. Y.; Hu, Z. A.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhang, F. H.; Zhang, Y. J.; Liang, P. J.; Zhang, H. Y.; Wu, H. Y. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Nickel Oxide Composites with High Electrochemical Capacitive Performance Mater. Chem. Phys. 2012, 133, 363-368
45. 2 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 2801-2810
46. 2/Graphene/Nickel Foam Composite as High Performance Supercapacitor Electrode via a Facile Electrochemical Deposition Strategy Mater. Lett. 2012, 76, 127-130
47. Yu, D. S.; Dai, L. M. Self-Assembled Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films for Supercapacitors J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 467-470
48. Wang, H. L.; Hao, Q. L.; Yang, X. J.; Lu, L. D.; Wang, X. Effect of Graphene Oxide on the Properties of Its Composite with Polyaniline ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 821-828
49. Xu, G. H.; Wang, N.; Wei, J. Y.; Lv, L. L.; Zhang, J. A.; Chen, Z. M.; Xu, Q. Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Nanocomposite with Assistance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Supercapacitor Electrodes Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012, 51, 14390-14398
50. Wu, X. Z.; Zhou, J.; Xing, W.; Wang, G. Q.; Cui, H. Y.; Zhuo, S. P.; Xue, Q. Z.; Yan, Z. F.; Qiao, S. Z. High-Rate Capacitive Performance of Graphene Aerogel with a Superhigh C/O Molar Ratio J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 23186-23193
51. Radich, J. G.; Kamat, P. V. Origin of Reduced Graphene Oxide Enhancements in Electrochemical Energy Storage ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 807-816
52. Bhardwaj, T.; Antic, A.; Pavan, B.; Barone, V.; Fahlman, B. D. Enhanced Electrochemical Lithium Storage by Graphene Nanoribbons J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 12556-12558
53. + with Single-Layer and Few-Layer Graphene Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3386-3388
54. + Diffusion in Graphene Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 2838-2842
55. Stoller, M. D.; Murali, S.; Quarles, N.; Zhu, Y. W.; Potts, J. R.; Zhu, X. J.; Ha, H. W.; Ruoff, R. S. Activated Graphene as a Cathode Material for Li-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 3388-3391
56. Zhang, L. L.; Zhao, X.; Stoller, M. D.; Zhu, Y. W.; Ji, H. X.; Murali, S.; Wu, Y. P.; Perales, S.; Clevenger, B.; Ruoff, R. S. Highly Conductive and Porous Activated Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for High-Power Supercapacitors Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1806-1812
57. Choi, B. G.; Yang, M.; Hong, W. H.; Choi, J. W.; Huh, Y. S. 3D Macroporous Graphene Frameworks for Supercapacitors with High Energy and Power Densities ACS Nano 2012, 6, 4020-4028
58. Xu, Z. W.; Li, Z.; Holt, C. M. B.; Tan, X. H.; Wang, H. L.; Amirkhiz, B. S.; Stephenson, T.; Mitlin, D. Electrochemical Supercapacitor Electrodes from Sponge-like Graphene Nanoarchitectures with Ultrahigh Power Density J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 2928-2933
59. Zhu, Y. W.; Murali, S.; Stoller, M. D.; Ganesh, K. J.; Cai, W. W.; Ferreira, P. J.; Pirkle, A.; Wallace, R. M.; Cychosz, K. A.; Thommes, M. et al. Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene Science 2011, 332, 1537-1541
60. Shang, C.; Liu, Z. P. Origin and Activity of Gold Nanoparticles as Aerobic Oxidation Catalysts in Aqueous Solution J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 9938-9947
61. Zan, R.; Bangert, U.; Ramasse, Q.; Novoselov, K. S. Interaction of Metals with Suspended Graphene Observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 953-958
62. 2 Particles Chem. Lett. 1985, 1799-1802
63. 2 in Aqueous Suspension J. Photochem. Photobiol., A: 1988, 43, 329-335
64. • Radicals and Trapped Holes in Photocatalysis-A Pulse-Radiolysis Study J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5166-5170
65. Dreizler, A. M.; Roduner, E. Reaction Kinetics of Hydroxyl Radicals with Model Compounds of Fuel Cell Polymer Membranes Fuel Cells 2012, 12, 132-140
66. Noel, J.-M.; Latus, A.; Lagrost, C.; Volanschi, E.; Hapiot, P. Evidence for OH Radical Production during Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Pt Surfaces: Consequences and Application J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2835-2841
67. -•) J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 12399-12409
68. 2 Battery with Alkyl Carbonate Electrolytes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8040-8047
69. McCloskey, B. D.; Bethune, D. S.; Shelby, R. M.; Girishkumar, G.; Luntz, A. C. Solvents' Critical Role in Nonaqueous Lithium-Oxygen Battery Electrochemistry J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 1161-1166
70. Muszynski, R.; Seger, B.; Kamat, P. Decorating Graphene Sheets with Gold Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 5263-5266
71. 2 Photocatalysis Using the Fluorescence Technique Electrochem. Commun. 2000, 2, 207-210
72. 2 Photocatalyst J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 2000, 134, 139-142
73. 2 and Some Ions Langmuir 2002, 18, 3247-3254
74. Milosavljevic, B. H.; LaVerne, J. A. Pulse Radiolysis of Aqueous Thiocyanate Solution J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 165-168
75. - J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 1992, 69, 17-25
76. Carlson, M. T.; Green, A. J.; Richardson, H. H. Superheating Water by CW Excitation of Gold Nanodots Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 1534-1537
77. Anbar, M.; Meyerstein, D.; Neta, P. The Reactivity of Aromatic Compounds toward Hydroxyl Radicals J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 2660-2662
78. Peller, J.; Wiest, O.; Kamat, P. V. Hydroxyl Radical's Role in the Remediation of a Common Herbicide, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 10925-10933
79. Kumar, P. V.; Bernardi, M.; Grossman, J. C. The Impact of Functionalization on the Stability, Work Function, and Photoluminescence of Reduced Graphene Oxide ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1638-1645
80. Zhu, C. Z.; Dong, S. J. Recent Progress in Graphene-Based Nanomaterials as Advanced Electrocatalysts towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction Nanoscale 2013, 5, 1753-1767
81. Fu, X. G.; Liu, Y. R.; Cao, X. P.; Jin, J. T.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, J. Y. FeCo-N-x Embedded Graphene as High Performance Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Appl. Catal., B 2013, 130, 143-151
82. Cho, S. H.; Yang, H. N.; Lee, D. C.; Park, S. H.; Kim, W. J. Electrochemical Properties of Pt/Graphene Intercalated by Carbon Black and Its Application in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell J. Power Sources 2013, 225, 200-206
83. Tripachev, O.; Bogdanovskaya, V.; Tarasevich, M.; Andoralov, V. Gold Autodeactivation during Oxygen Electroreduction Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy J. Electroanal. Chem. 2012, 683, 21-24
84. Noel, J. M.; Yu, Y.; Mirkin, M. V. Dissolution of Pt at Moderately Negative Potentials during Oxygen Reduction in Water and Organic Media Langmuir 2013, 29, 1346-1350