Fabrication of a polyaniline ultramicroelectrode via a self assembled monolayer modified gold electrode

Sensors (Switzerland)

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 8079-8094

  Bolat, Gulcin ^a   Kuralay, Filiz ^b   Eroglu, Gunes ^a   Abaci, Serdar ^a  

^a HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b ORDU UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

DNA; Gold electrode; Microelectrode; Polyaniline; Self assembled monolayer (SAM)

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; DNA; FABRICATION; GOLD; GOLD COATINGS; MICROELECTRODES; POLYANILINE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;

11-MERCAPTOUNDECANOIC ACID; CONSTANT POTENTIAL ELECTROLYSIS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA (DS-DNA); ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES; GOLD ELECTRODES; MICROELECTRODE FABRICATION;

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTRODES;

EID: 84879517421     PISSN: 14248220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/s130708079     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Wightman, R.M. Microvoltammetric electrodes. Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 1125A-1134A.
2. Wightman, R.M. Voltammetry with microscopic electrodes in new domains. Science 1988, 240, 415-420.
3. Conyers, J.L.; White, H.S. Electrochemical characterization of electrodes with submicrometer dimensions. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 4441-4446.
4. Montenegro, M.I.; Queiros, M.A.; Daschbach, J.L. Microelectrodes: Theory and Applications; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1991.
5. Heinze, J. Ultramicroelectrodes in electrochemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1993, 32, 1268-1288.
6. Schulte, A.; Schuhmann, W. Single-cell microelectrochemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8760-8777.
7. Bard, A.J.; Faulkner, L.R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 2001.
8. Orozco, J.; Fernández-Sánchez, C.; Jiménez-Jorquera, C. Ultramicroelectrode array based sensors: A promising analytical tool for environmental monitoring. Sensors 2010, 10, 475-490.
9. Ulman, A. An Introduction to Ultrathin Organic Films: From Langmuir-Blodgett to Self-Assembly; Academic Press: Boston, MA, USA, 1991.
10. Bolat, G.; Kuralay, F.; Abaci, S. Electrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on self-assembled monolayer/polyaniline coated gold electrode. Chem. Sens. 2012, 2, 1-7.
11. Tan, G.; Bolat, G.; Onur, M.A.; Abaci, S. Determination of lidocaine based on electrocatalysis of a chemically modified electrode. Turk. J. Chem. 2012, 36, 593-600.
12. Hayes, W.; Shannon, C. Nanometer-scale patterning of surfaces using self-assembly chemistry. 3. Template-directed growth of polymer nanostructures on organothiol self-assembled mixed monolayers. Langmuir 1998, 14, 1099-1102.
13. Troughton, E.B.; Bain, C.D.; Whitesides, G.M.; Nuzzo, R.G.; Allara, D.L.; Porter, M.D. Monolayer films prepared by the spontaneous self-assembly of symmetrical and unsymmetrical dialkyl sulfides from solution onto gold substrates: Structure, properties, and reactivity of constituent functional groups. Langmuir 1988, 4, 365-385.
14. Ruckenstein, E.; Li, Z.F. Surface modification and functionalization through the self-assembled monolayer and graft polymerization. Adv. Colloid. Interface Sci. 2005, 113, 43-63.
15. Müllen, K.; Grimsdale, A.C. The chemistry of organic nanomaterials. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 5592-5629.
16. Mazur, M.; Krysinski, P.; Palys, B. Preparation of ultrathin films of polyaniline and its derivatives by electrochemical deposition on thiol modified gold. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2002, 533, 145-152.
17. Inzelt, G.; Pineri, M.; Schultze, J.W.; Vorotyntsev, M. Electron and proton conducting polymers: Recent developments and prospects. Electrochim. Acta 2000, 45, 2403-2421.
18. Snover, J.L.; Thompson, M.E. Synthesis and study of zirconium viologen phosphonate thin films containing colloidal platinum. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 765-766.
19. Steinberg, S.; Torr, Y.; Sabatani, E.; Rubinstein, I. Ion-selective monolayer membranes based upon self-assembling tetradentate ligand monolayers on gold electrodes. 2. Effect of applied potential on ion binding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5176-5182.
20. Krysinski, P.; Brzostowska-Smolska, M.; Mazur, M. Incorporation of redox molecules into the monolayer modified electrodes. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 1999, 8-9, 551-557.
21. Mazur, M.; Krysinski, P. Comparative study of the electrodeposition of poly(3-octylthiophene) films on gold electrodes: Bare and modified with dodecanethiol monomolecular layer. Langmuir 2000, 16, 7962-7967.
22. Bandyopadhyay, K.; Vijayamohanan, K. Formation of a self-assembled monolayer of diphenyl diselenide on polycrystalline gold. Langmuir 1998, 14, 625-629.
23. Okamoto, H.; Okamoto, M.; Kotaka, T. Structure development in polyaniline films during electrochemical polymerization. II: Structure and properties of polyaniline films prepared via electrochemical polymerization. Polymer 1998, 39, 4359-4367.
24. Venancio, E.C.; Costa, C.A.R.; Machado, S.A.S.; Motheo, A.J. AFM study of the initial stages of polyaniline growth on ITO electrode. Electrochem. Commun. 2001, 3, 229-233.
25. Mazur, M.; Tagowska, M.; Palys, B.; Jackowska, K. Template synthesis of polyaniline and poly(2-methoxyaniline) nanotubes: Comparison of the formation mechanisms. Electrochem. Commun. 2003, 5, 403-407.
26. Sabatani, E.; Gafni, Y.; Rubinstein, I. Morphology control in electrochemically grown conducting polymer films. 3. A comparative study of polyaniline films on bare gold and on gold pretreated with p-aminothiophenol. J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 12305-12311.
27. Sayre, C.N.; Collard, D.M. Electrooxidative deposition of polypyrrole and polyaniline on self-assembled monolayer modified electrodes. Langmuir 1997, 13, 714-722.
28. Mazur, M.; Krysinski, P. Electrochemical preparation of conducting polymer microelectrodes. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 10349-10354.
29. Kafka, J.; Panke, O.; Abendroth, B.; Lisdat, F. A label-free DNA sensor based on impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 2008, 53, 7467-7474.
30. Peng, H.; Zhang, L.; Soeller, C.; Travas-Sejdic, J. Conducting polymers for electrochemical DNA sensing. Biomaterials 2009, 30, 2132-2148.
31. Pividori, M.I.; Merkoci, A.; Alegret, S. Electrochemical genosensor design: Immobilisation of oligonucleotides onto transducer surfaces and detection methods. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2000, 15, 291-303.
32. Yang, M.; McGovern, M.E.; Thompson, M. Genosensor technology and the detection of interfacial nucleic acid chemistry. Anal. Chim. Acta 1997, 346, 259-275.
33. Booth, M.A.; Harbison, S.; Travas-Sejdic, J. Development of an electrochemical polypyrrole-based DNA sensor and subsequent studies on the effects of probe and target length on performance. Biosens. Bielectron. 2011, 28, 362-367.
34. Singh, R.; Prasad, R.; Sumana, G.; Arora, K.; Sood, S.; Gupta, R.K.; Malhotra, B.D. STD sensor based on nucleic acid functionalized nanostructured polyaniline. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24, 2232-2238.
35. Kuralay, F.; Erdem, A.; Abaci, S.; Özyörük, H.; Yildiz, A. Electrochemical biosensing of DNA immobilized poly(vinylferrocenium) modified electrode. Electroanal 2008, 20, 2563-2570.
36. Abaci, S.; Shannon, C. The influence of decanethiol/4-aminothiophenol mixed monolayers on the electrodeposition of polyaniline thin films. Electrochim. Acta 2005, 50, 2967-2973.
37. Pekmez, N.; Pekmez, K.; Yildiz, A. Electrochemical behavior of polyaniline films in acetonitrile. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 370, 223-229.
38. Focke, W.W.; Wnek, G.E.; Wei, Y. Influence of oxidation state, pH, and counterion on the conductivity of polyaniline. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 5813-5818.
39. Cheng, I.F.; Whiteley, L.D.; Martin, C.R. Ultramicroelectrode ensembles. Comparison of experimental and theoretical responses and evaluation of electroanalytical detection limits. Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 762-766.
40. Demaille, C.; Brust, M.; Tsionsky, M.; Bard, A.J. Fabrication and characterization of self-assembled spherical gold ultramicroelectrodes. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2323-2328.
41. Walsh, A.; Lovelock, K.R.J.; Licence, P. Ultramicroelectrode voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy in room-temperature ionic liquid electrolytes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 4185-4194.
42. Arora, K.; Prabhakar, N.; Chand, S.; Malhotra, B.D. Ultrasensitive DNA hybridization biosensor based on polyaniline. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2007, 23, 613-620.
43. Prabhakar, N.; Sumana, G., Arora, K.; Singh, H.; Malhotra, B.D. Improved electrochemical nucleic acid biosensor based on polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonate. Electrochim. Acta 2008, 53, 4344-4350.
44. Kerman, K.; Morita, Y.; Takamura, Y.; Tamiya, E. Label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization on gold electrode. Electrochem. Commun. 2003, 5, 887-891.
45. Kuralay, F.; Erdem, A.; Abaci, S.; Özyörük, H.; Yildiz, A. Poly(vinyferrocenium) coated disposable pencil graphite electrode for DNA hybridization. Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11, 1242-1246.
46. Armistead, P.M.; Thorp, H.H. Modification of Indium tin oxide electrodes with nucleic acids: Detection of attomole quantities of immobilized DNA by electrocatalysis. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 3764-3770.