Protecting wildlife in a heavily hunted biodiversity hotspot: A case study from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil

Tropical Conservation Science

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 181-200

  Flesher, Kevin M ^a   Laufer, Juliana ^b  

^a Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade   (Brazil)

^b DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Atlantic Forest; Hunting; Mammals; Private reserve; Protection

Indexed keywords

AGOUTI PACA; DASYPUS NOVEMCINCTUS; MAMMALIA; MAZAMA AMERICANA; PECARI TAJACU;

EID: 84879390589     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19400829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/194008291300600202     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Terborgh, J. 1992. Maintenance of diversity in tropical forests. Biotropica 24:283-292.
2. Robinson, J.G. 1996. Hunting wildlife in forest patches: an ephemeral resource. In: Forest patches in tropical landscapes. Schelhas, J. and Greenberg, R. (Eds.), pp.111-129. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
3. Peres, C.A. 2001. Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates. Conservation Biology 15:1490-1505.
4. Laurance, S.G.W., Vasconcelos, H.L. 2004. Ecological Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in the Tropics. In: Agroforestry and biodiversity conservation in tropical landscapes. Schroth, G., Fonseca, G.A.B., Harvey, C.A., Gascon, C., Vasconcelos, H.L. and Izac, A.N. (Eds.), pp.33-49. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
5. Peres, C.A., Gardner, T.A., Barlow, J., Zuanon, J., Michalski, F., Lees, A.C., Vieira, I.C.G., Moreira, F.M.S. and Feeley, K.J. 2010. Biodiversity conservation in human-modified Amazonian forest landscapes. Biological Conservation 143:2314-2327.
6. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Fonseca, G.A.B. and Kent, J. 2000 Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.
7. Cincotta, R.P., Wisnewski, J. and Engleman, R. 2000. Human populations in the biodiversity hotspots. Nature 404:990-991.
8. Joppa, L.N., Loarie, S.R. and Nelson, A. 2010. Measuring population growth around tropical protected areas: current issues and solutions. Tropical Conservation Science 3:117-121.
9. Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science 162:1243-1248.
10. Daily, G.C., Ceballos, G., Pacheco, J., Suzan, G. and Sanchez-Azofeifa, A. 2003. Countryside biogeography of neotropical mammals: conservation opportunities in agricultural landscapes of Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 17:1814-1826.
11. Naughton-Treves, L., Mena, J.L., Treves, A., Alvarez, N. and Radeloff, V.C. 2003. Wildlife survival beyond park boundaries: the impact of slash-and burn agriculture and hunting on mammals in Tambopata, Peru. Conservation Biology 17:1106-1117.
12. Faria, D., Paciencia, M.L.B., Dixo, M., Laps, R.R. and Baumgarten, J. 2007. Ferns, frogs, lizards, birds and bats in forest fragments and shade cacao plantations in two contrasting landscapes in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:2335-2357.
13. Turner, I.M. 1996. Species loss in fragments of tropical rain forest: a review of the evidence. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:200-209.
14. Langholz, J.A. and Krug, W. 2004. New forms of biodiversity governance: non-state actors and the private protected area action plan. Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy 7:9-29.
15. Naughton-Treves, L., Holland, M.B. and Brandon, K. 2005. The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30:219-52.
16. Tabarelli, M., Pinto, L.P., Silva, J.M.C., Hirota, M. and Bedê, L. 2005. Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Conservation Biology 19:695-700.
17. Lovejoy, T. 2006. Protected areas: a prism for a changing world. TREE 21:329-333.
18. Wright, S.J. 2003. The myriad consequences of hunting for vertebrates and plants in tropical forests. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 6:73-86.
19. MacKinnon, K. 1986. The conservation status of nonhuman primates in Indonesia. In: Primates: the road to self-sustaining populations. Benirschke, K. (Ed.), pp. 99-126. Springer-Verlag, New York.
20. Glanz, W.E. 1991. Mammalian densities at protected versus hunted sites in Central Panama. In: Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation. Redford, K. H, and Robinson, J.G. (Eds.), pp.163-173. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
21. Chiarello, A.G. 1999. Effects of fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest on mammal communities in south-eastern Brazil. Biological Conservation 89:71-82.
22. Wilkie, D.S. and Carpenter, J.F. 1999. The potential role of safari hunting as a source of revenue for protected areas in the Congo Basin. Oryx 33:339-345.
23. Bennett, E.L. and Robinson, J.G. 2000. Hunting for sustainability: the start of a synthesis. In: Hunting for sustainability in tropical forests. Robinson, J.G. and Bennett, E.L. (Eds.), pp.499-519. Columbia University Press, New York.
24. Madhusudan, M.D. and Karanth, K.U. 2002. Local hunting and the conservation of large mammals in India. Ambio 31:49-54.
25. Silveira, L.F., Olmos, F. and Long, A.J. 2003. Birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in north-east Brazil. Cotinga 20:32-46.
26. Aiyadurai, A., Singh, N.J. and Milner-Gulland, E.J. 2010. Wildlife hunting by indigenous tribes: a case study from Arunachal Pradesh, north-east India. Oryx 44:564-572.
27. Gilbert, L.E. 1980. Food web organization and the conservation on neotropical diversity. In: Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Soule, M.E. and Wilcox, B.A. (Eds.), pp.11-33. Sinauer Assocociates Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
28. Redford, K.H. 1992. The empty forest. BioScience 42:412-422.
29. Peres, C.A. and Palacios, E. 2007. Basin-wide effects of game harvest on vertebrate population densities in Amazonian forests: implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica 39:304-317.
30. Terborgh, J., Nunez-Iturri, G., Pitman, N.C.A., Valverde, F.H.C., Alvarez, P., Swamy, V., Pringle, E.G., Paine, C.E.T. 2008. Tree recruitment in an empty forest. Ecology 89:1757-1768.
31. Viana, V.M. and Tabanez, A. J. 1996. Biology and conservation of forest fragments in the Brazilian Atlantic moist forest. In: Forest patches in tropical landscapes. Schelhas, J. and Greenberg, R. (Eds.), pp.151-167. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
32. Silva, J.M.C. and Casteleti, C.H.M. 2003. Status of biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. In: The Atlantic Forest of South America: biodiversity status, trends, and outlook. Galindo-Leal, C. and Câmara, I.G. (Eds.), pp.43-59. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
33. Ribeiro, M.C., Metzger, J.P., Martensen, A.C., Ponzoni, F.J. and Hirota, M.M. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: how much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 142:1141-1153.
34. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. 2010. Monitoramento do desmatamento nos biomas Brasileiros por satélite. Brasília, Brasil.
35. Young, C.E.F. 2005. Financial mechanisms for conservation in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19:756-761.
36. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. 2009. Pilares para a sustentabilidade Şnanceiro do sistema nacional de unidades de conservação. Brasília, Brasil.
37. Rambaldi, D.M., Fernandes, R.V. and Reolon Schmidt, M.A. 2005. Private protected areas and their key role in the conservation of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, Brazil. Parks 15:30-38.
38. Reservas Particulares. 2011. Sumarização das RPPN por Bioma. www.reservasparticulares.org.br
39. James, A., Gaston, K.J. and Balmford, A. 2001. Can we afford to conserve biodiversity? BioScience 51:43-52.
40. Blom, A. 2004. An estimate of the costs of an effective system of protected areas in the Niger Delta-Congo Basin forest region. Biodiversity and Conservation 13:2661-2678.
41. Bruner, A.G., Gullison, R.E. and Balmford, A. 2004. Financial costs and shortfalls of managing and expanding protected-area systems in developing countries. BioScience 54:1119-1126.
42. Wilkie, D.S., Carpenter, J.F. and Zhang, Q. 2001. The under-funding of protected areas in the Congo Basin: so many parks and so little willingness-to-pay. Biodiversity and Conservation 10:691-709.
43. Whitten, T. and Balmford, A. 2006. Who should pay for tropical forest conservation, and how could the costs be met? In: Emerging threats to tropical forest. Laurance, W.F. and Peres, C. (Eds.), pp.317-336. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
44. Thomas, W.M.W., Carvalho, A.M.V., Amorim, A.M.A., Garrison, J. and Arbelez, A.L. 1998. Plant endemism in two forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 7:311-322.
45. Flesher, K.M. 2006. Explaining the biogeography of the medium and large mammals in a human-dominated landscape in the Atlantic forest of Bahia, Brazil: Evidence for the role of agroforestrty systems as wildlife habitat. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University, New Jersey. 624 p.
46. Hockings, M. 2003. Effectiveness of management in protected areas. BioScience 53:823-832.
47. Burns, B.E. 1993. A History of Brazil, 3rd edition. Columbia University Press, New York.
48. Dean, W. 1995. With broadax and Şrebrand, the destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. University of California Press, Berkeley.
49. Riserio, A. 2003. Tinharé-História e Cultura no Litoral Sul da Bahia. BYI Projetos Culturais Ltda., Salvador, Bahia.
50. Dobson, A. and Lynes, L. 2008. How does poaching affect the size of national parks? TREE 23:177-180.
51. Chape, S., Harrison, J., Spalding, M. and Lysenko, I. 2005. Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as indicators for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360:443-455.
52. Joppa, L.N., Loarie, S.R. and Pimm, S.L. 2008. On the protection of "protected areas". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:6673-6678.
53. Underwood, A.J. 1994. On beyond BACI: sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecological Applications 4:3-15.
54. Gotelli, N.J. and Ellison, A.M. 2004. A Primer of Ecological Statistics. Sinauer Assocociates Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
55. Voss, R.S. and Emmons, L.H. 1996. Mammalian diversity in Neotropical lowland rainforests: a preliminary assessment. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 230:1-115.
56. Emmons, L.H. 1984. Geographic variation in densities and diversities of non-flying mammals in Amazonia. Biotropica 16:210-222.
57. Peres, C.A. 1996. Population status of white-lipped Tayassu pecari and collared peccaries Tayassu tajacu in hunted and unhunted Amazonian forests. Biological Conservation 77:115-123.
58. Lopes, M.A. and Ferrari, S.F. 2000. Effects of human colonization on the abundance and diversity of mammals in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Conservation Biology 14:1658-1665.
59. Peres, C.A. 2000. Evaluating the impact of sustainability of subsistence hunting at multiple Amazonian forest sites. In: Hunting for sustainability in tropical forests. Robinson, J.G. and Bennett, E.L. (Eds.), pp.31-55. Columbia University Press, New York.
60. Gavin, M.C., Solomon, J.N. and Blank, S.G. 2009. Measuring and monitoring illegal use of natural resources. Conservation Biology 24:89-100.
61. Cullen, L. Jr., Bodmer, E.R. and Valladares-Padua, C. 2001. Ecological consequences of hunting in Atlantic Forest patches, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Oryx 35:137-144.
62. Thiollay, J.M. 2005. Effects of hunting on Guianan forest game birds. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1121-1135.
63. Jachmann, H. 2008. Monitoring law-enforcement performance in nine protected areas in Ghana. Biological Conservation 141:89-99.
64. Alger, K. and Caldas, M. 1994. The declining cocoa economy and the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil: conservation attitudes of cocoa planters. The Environmentalist 14:107-119.
65. Koh, L.P. and Wilcove, D.S. 2007. Cashing in palm oil for conservation. Nature 448:993-994.
66. Lindsey, P.A., Balme, G., Becker, M., Begg, C., Bento, C., Bocchino, C., Dickman, A., Diggle, R.W., Eves, H., Henschel, P., Lewis, D., Marnewick, K., Mattheus, J., McNutt, J.W., McRobb, R., Midlane, N., Milanzi, J., Morley, R., Murphree, M., Opyene, V., Phadima, J., Purchase, G., Rentsch, D., Roche, C., Shaw, J. van der Westhuizen, H., Van Vilet, N. and Zisadza-Gandiwa, P. 2013. The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions. Biological Conservation 160:80-96.
67. Elkan, P.W., Elkan, S.W., Moukassa, A., Malonga, R., Ngangone, M. and Smith, J.D.L. 2006. Managing threats from bushmeat hunting in a timber concession in the Republic of Congo. In: Emerging threats to tropical forests. Laurance, W.F. and Peres, C.A. (Eds.), pp.417-434. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
68. Fitzgibbon, C.D. 1998. The management of subsistence harvesting: behavioral ecology of hunters and their mammalian prey. In: Behavioral ecology and conservation biology. Caro, T. (Ed.), pp.449-473. University of Oxford Press, New York.
69. Gandiwa, E. 2011. Preliminary assessment of illegal hunting by communities adjacent to the northern Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe. Tropical Conservation Science 4:445-467.
70. Gallo, J.A., Pasquini, L., Reyers, B. and Cowling, R.M. 2009. The role of private conservation areas in biodiversity representation and target achievement within the Little Karoo region, South Africa. Biological Conservation 142:446-454.
71. Robinson, J.G. 2011. Corporate greening: is it significant for biodiversity conservation? Oryx 45:309-310.
72. Meijaard, E. and Sheil, D. 2007. A logged forest in Borneo is better than none at all. Nature 446: 974.
73. Nasi, R., Koponen, P., Poulsen, J.G., Buitenzorgy, M. and Rusmantoro, W. 2008. Impact of landscape and corridor design on primates in a large-scale industrial tropical plantation landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:1105-1126.
74. IBGE. 2010. Censo 2010. www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br
75. Carrillo, E., Wong, G. and Cuarón, A.D. 2000. Monitoring mammal populations in Costa Rican protected areas under different hunting restrictions. Conservation Biology 14:1580-1591.
76. Glanz, W.E. 1982. The terrestrial fauna of Barro Colorado: censuses and long-term changes. In: The ecology of a tropical forest. Leigh, E.G., Rand, A.S. and Windsor, D.M. (Eds.), pp.239-251. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
77. Cullen, L. Jr., Bodmer, R.E. and Valladares Padua, C. 2000. Effects of hunting in habitat fragments of the Atlantic Forests, Brazil. Biological Conservation 95:49-56.
78. Endo, W., Peres, C.A., Salas, E., Mori, S., Sanchez-Vega, J.L., Shepard, G.H., Pacheco, V. and Yu, D.W. 2010. Game vertebrate densities in hunted and nonhunted forest sites in Manu National Park, Peru. Biotropica 42:251-261.