Application of reflectron time-of-flight mass spectroscopy in the analysis of astrophysically relevant ices exposed to ionization radiation: Methane (CH4) and D4-methane (CD4) as a case study

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 4, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1965-1971

  Jones, Brant M ^a   Kaiser, Ralf I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

high mass hydrocarbons; interstellar ice; ionizing radiation; Kuiper belt objects; methane; Pluto

Indexed keywords

CHARGED PARTICLES; HYDROCARBONS; IONIZATION; IONIZING RADIATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULES; PLANETS; RADIATION SHIELDING; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES; HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS; INTERSTELLAR ICE; KUIPER BELT OBJECTS; PLUTO; SYNTHESIZED MOLECULES; TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROSCOPY;

METHANE;

EID: 84879201419     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jz400692r     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. 4 Absorption toward Young Stars in Molecular Clouds Astrophys. J. 1991, 376, 556-560
2. Boogert, A. C. A.; Schutte, W. A.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Whittet, D. C. B.; Helmich, F. P.; Ehrenfreund, P.; Wesselius, P. R.; de Graauw, T.; Prusti, T. Solid Methane Toward Deeply Embedded Protostars Astron. Astrophys. 1996, 315, L377-L380
3. Gibb, E. L.; Whittet, D. C. B.; Boogert, A. C. A.; Tielens, A. G. G. M. Interstellar Ice: The Infrared Space Observatory Legacy Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 2004, 151, 35-73
4. 4 Astrophys. J. 2008, 678, 1032-1041
5. Cruikshank, D. P.; Roush, T. L.; Owen, T. C.; Geballe, T. R.; de Bergh, C.; Schmitt, B.; Brown, R. H.; Bartholomew, M. J. Ices on the Surface of Triton Science 1993, 261, 742-745
6. Brown, R. H. Suface Compostion and Photometric Properties of Triton. In Neptune and Triton; Cruikshank, D. P., Ed.; University of Arizona: Arizona, 1995.
7. Tegler, S. C.; Grundy, W. M.; Olkin, C. B.; Young, L. A.; Romanishin, W.; Cornelison, D. M.; Khodadadkouchaki, R. Ice Mineralogy across and into the Surfaces of Pluto, Triton, and Eris Astrophys. J. 2012, 751, 76-86
8. Barucci, M. A.; Merlin, F.; Guilbert, A.; de Bergh, C.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Hainaut, O.; Doressoundiram, A.; Dumas, C.; Owen, T.; Coradini, A. Surface Composition and Temperature of the TNO Orcus Astron. Astrophys. 2008, 479, L13-L16
9. Trujillo, C. A.; Brown, M. E.; Rabinowitz, D. L.; Geballe, T. R. Near-Infrared Surface Properties of the Two Intrinsically Brightest Minor Planets: (90377) Sedna and (90482) Orcus Astrophys. J. 2005, 627, 1057-1065
10. Delsanti, A.; Merlin, F.; Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.; Bauer, J.; Yang, B.; Meech, K. J. Methane, Mmmonia, and Their Irradiation Products at the Surface of an Intermediate-Size KBO? Astron. Astrophys. 2010, 520, A40
11. Merlin, F.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Delsanti, A.; Fornasier, S.; Barucci, M. A.; DeMeo, F. E.; de Bergh, C.; Doressoundiram, A.; Quirico, E.; Schmitt, B. Stratification of Methane Ice on Eris' Surface Astron. J. 2009, 137, 315-328
12. Tegler, S. C.; Cornelison, D. M.; Grundy, W. M.; Romanishin, W.; Abernathy, M. R.; Bovyn, M. J.; Burt, J. A.; Evans, D. E.; Maleszewski, C. K.; Thompson, Z. Methane and Nitrogen Abundances on Pluto and Eris Astrophys. J. 2010, 725, 1296-1305
13. Cruikshank, D. P. The Surface of Pluto and Charon. In Pluto and Charon; Stern, S. A.; Tholen, D. J., Eds.; Univeristy of Arizona: Arizona, 1997.
14. Douté, S.; Schmitt, B.; Quirico, E.; Owen, T. C.; Cruikshank, D. P.; de Bergh, C.; Geballe, T. R.; Roush, T. L. Evidence for Methane Segregation at the Surface of Pluto Icarus 1999, 142, 421-444
15. Brown, M. E.; Barkume, K. M.; Blake, G. A.; Schaller, E. L.; Rabinowitz, D. L.; Roe, H. G.; Trujillo, C. A. Methane and Ethane on the Bright Kuiper Belt Object 2005 FY9 Astron. J. 2007, 133, 284-289
16. 9: A Pluto-Twin in the Trans-Neptunian Belt? Astron. Astrophys. 2006, 445, L35-L38
17. Schaller, E. L.; Brown, M. E. Detection of Methane on Kuiper Belt Object (50000) Quaoar Astrophys. J. Lett. 2007, 670, L49-L51
18. Dalle Ore, C. M.; Barucci, M. A.; Emery, J. P.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Dalle Ore, L. V.; Merlin, F.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; de Bergh, C.; Trilling, D. E.; Perna, D. Composition of KBO (50000) Quaoar Astron. Astrophys. 2009, 501, 349-357
19. 10 Astrophys. J. Lett. 2011, 738, L26
20. Brown, M. E. The Compositions of Kuiper Belt Objects Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2012, 40, 467-494
21. Brown, R. H.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Pendleton, Y.; Veeder, G. J. Surface Composition of Kuiper Belt Object 1993SC Science 1997, 276, 937-939
22. Samuelson, R. Atmospheric Ices. In Solar System Ices; Schmitt, B.; de Bergh, C.; Festou, M., Eds.; Kluwer Academic: The Netherlands, 1998.
23. de Barros, A. L. F.; Bordalo, V.; Seperuelo Duarte, E.; da Silveira, E. F.; Domaracka, A.; Rothard, H.; Boduch, P. Cosmic Ray Impact on Astrophysical Ices: Laboratory Studies on Heavy Ion Irradiation of Methane Astron. Astrophys. 2011, 531, A160-169
24. 3OH Astron. Astrophys. 2002, 384, 343-349
25. Ferini, G.; Baratta, G. A.; Palumbo, M. E. A Raman Study of Ion Irradiated Icy Mixtures Astron. Astrophys. 2004, 414, 757-766
26. Kaiser, R. I.; Eich, G.; Gabrysch, A.; Roessler, K. Theoretical and Laboratory Studies on the Interaction of Cosmic-Ray Particles with Interstellar Ices. II. Formation of Atomic and Molecular Hydrogen in Frozen Organic Molecules Astrophys. J. 1997, 484, 487-498
27. 2) Astrophys. J. 1998, 503, 959-975
28. 4-Containing Icy Mixtures Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 2003, 209, 283-287
29. Brunetto, R.; Barucci, M. A.; Dotto, E.; Strazzulla, G. Ion Irradiation of Frozen Methanol, Methane, and Benzene: Linking to the Colors of Centaurs and Trans-Neptunian Objects Astrophys. J. 2006, 644, 646-650
30. 13C ratio Astron. Astrophys. 1998, 330, 1175-1179
31. Bennett, C. J.; Jamieson, C. S.; Osamura, Y.; Kaiser, R. I. Laboratory Studies on the Irradiation of Methane in Interstellar, Cometary, and Solar System Ices Astrophys. J. 2006, 653, 792-811
32. Huels, M. A.; Parenteau, L.; Bass, A. D.; Sanche, L. Small Steps on the Slippery Road to Life: Molecular Synthesis in Astrophysical Ices Initiated by Low Energy Electron Impact Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 277, 256-261
33. Gerakines, P. A.; Schutte, W. A.; Ehrenfreund, P. Ultraviolet processing of Interstellar Ice Analogs Astron. Astrophys. 1996, 312, 289-305
34. Davis, D. R.; Libby, W. F. Positive-Ion Chemistry: High Yields of Heavy Hydrocarbons from Solid Methane by Ionizing Radiation Science 1964, 144, 991-992
35. Davis, D. R.; Libby, W. F.; Meinschein, W. G. Chemistry of Positive Ions. VI. Positive-Ion Chemistry in Solid Methane J. Chem. Phys. 1966, 45, 4481-4492
36. Gerakines, P. A.; Schutte, W.; Ehrenfreund, P. Utlraviolet Processing of Interstellar Ices Astron. Astrophys. 1996, 312, 389-305
37. Baratta, G. A.; Brunetto, R.; Leto, G.; Palumbo, M. E.; Spinella, F.; Strazzulla, G. Raman Spectroscopy of Ion-Irradiated Astrophysically Relevant Materials J. Raman Spectrosc. 2008, 39, 211-219
38. Toftmann, B.; Rodrigo, K.; Schou, J.; Pedrys, R. High Laser-Fluence Deposition of Organic Materials in Water Ice Matrices by "MAPLE" Appl. Surf. Sci. 2005, 247, 211-216
39. Ricketts, C. L.; Contreras, C. S.; Walker, R. L.; Salama, F. The Coupling of a Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with a Cosmic Simulation Chamber: A Powerful New Tool for Laboratory Astrophysics Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 300, 26-30
40. Gudipati, M. S.; Yang, R. In-Situ Probing of Radiation-Induced Processing of Organics in Astrophysical Ice Analogs-Novel Laser Desorption Laser Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopic Studies Astrophys. J. Lett. 2012, 756, L24-L29
41. Chen, Y.; Aleksandrov, A.; Orlando, T. M. Probing Low-Energy Electron Induced DNA Damage Using Single Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 277, 314-320
42. Getty, S. A.; Brinckerhoff, W. B.; Cornish, T.; Li, X.; Floyd, M.; Arevalo, R.; Elsila, J.; Callahan, M. P. Two-Step Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Elucidate Organic Diversity in Planetary Surface Materials. 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 2013; p 2676.
43. Collings, M. P.; Anderson, M. A.; Chen, R.; Dever, J. W.; Viti, S.; Williams, D. A.; McCoustra, M. R. S. A Laboratory Survey of the Thermal Desorption of Astrophysically Relevant Molecules Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2004, 354, 1133-1140
44. Kwok, S.; Zhang, Y. Mixed Aromatic-Aliphatic Organic Nanoparticles as Carriers of Unidentified Infrared Emission Features Nature 2011, 479, 80-83
45. Afeefy, H. Y.; Liebman, J. F.; Stein, S. E. Neutral Thermochemical Data; Linstrom, P. J.; Mallard, W. G., Eds.; National Institute of Standards and Technology: Gaithersburg, MD, 2010.
46. Messenger, S.; Amari, S.; Gao, X.; Walker, R. M.; Clemett, S. J.; Chillier, X. D. F.; Zare, R. N.; Lewis, R. S. Indigenous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Circumstellar Graphite Grains from Primitive Meteorites Astrophys. J. 1998, 502, 284-295
47. Spencer, M. K.; Hammond, M. R.; Zare, R. N. Laser Mass Spectrometric Detection of Extraterrestrial Aromatic Molecules: Mini-Review and Examination of Pulsed Heating Effects Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 18096-18101
48. Clemett, S. J.; Maechling, C. R.; Zare, R. N.; Swan, P. D.; Walker, R. M. Identification of Complex Aromatic Molecules in Individual Interplanetary Dust Particles Science 1993, 262, 721-725
49. 4 Mixtures Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2009, 72, 1007-1013
50. 2 Astrophys. J. 2008, 686, 1480-1485
51. Hovington, P.; Drouin, D.; Gauvin, R. CASINO: A New Monte Carlo Code in C Language for Electron Beam Interaction-Part I: Description of the Program Scanning 1997, 19, 1-14
52. Cooper, J. F.; Christian, E. R.; Richardson, J. D.; Wang, C. Proton Irradiation of Centaur, Kuiper Belt, and Oort Cloud Objects at Plasma to Cosmic Ray Energy Earth, Moon, Planets 2003, 92, 261-277
53. Strazzulla, G.; Johnson, R. E. Irradiation Effects on Comets and Cometary Debris. In Comets in the Post-Halley Era; Newburn, R. L., Jr.; Neugebauer, M.; Rahe, J., Eds.; Springer: The Netherlands, 1991; Vol. 167, pp 243-275.
54. VonDrasek, W. A.; Okajima, S.; Hessler, J. P. Efficient Monochromator to Isolate VUV Light Generated by Four-Wave Mixing Techniques Appl. Opt. 1988, 27, 4057-4061
55. Kaiser, R. I.; Maksyutenko, P.; Ennis, C.; Zhang, F.; Gu, X.; Krishtal, S. P.; Mebel, A. M.; Kostko, O.; Ahmed, M. Untangling the Chemical Evolution of Titan's Atmosphere and Surface-From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Chemistry Faraday Discuss. 2010, 147, 527-552