Schadenfreude Caused by the Exposure of Hypocrisy in Others

Self and Identity

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 413-431

  Powell, Caitlin A J ^a   Smith, Richard H ^b  

^a GEORGIA COLLEGE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Deservingness; Hypocrisy; Schadenfreude

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879133634     PISSN: 15298868     EISSN: 15298876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2012.687013     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alicke, M., Gordon, E. and Rose, D. in press. Hypocrisy: What Counts?. Philosophical Psychology,
2. Allgeier, A. R., Byrne, D., Brooks, B. and Revnes, D. 1979. The waffle phenomenon: Negative evaluations of those who shift attitudinally. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 92 (2): 170 - 182.
3. Aronson, E., Fried, C. and Stone, J. 1991. Overcoming denial and increasing the intention to use condoms through the induction of hypocrisy. American Journal of Public Health, 81 (12): 1636 - 1638.
4. Asch, S. E. 1946. Forming impressions of personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41 (3): 258 - 290.
5. Barden, J., Rucker, D. D. and Petty, R. E. 2005. "Saying one thing and doing another": Examining the impact of event order on hypocrisy judgments of others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (11): 1463 - 1474.
6. Batson, C. D., Kobrynowicz, D., Dinnerstein, J. L., Kampf, H. C. and Wilson, A. D. 1997. In a very different voice: Unmasking moral hypocrisy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72: 1325 - 1348.
7. Batson, C. D., Thompson, E. R., Seuferling, G., Whitney, H. and Strongman, J. 1999. Moral hypocrisy: Appearing moral to oneself without being so. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77: 525 - 537.
8. Ben-Ze'ev, A. 2000. The subtlety of emotions, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9. Brigham, N. L., Kelso, K. A., Jackson, M. A. and Smith, R. H. 1997. The roles of invidious comparisons and deservingness in sympathy and schadenfreude. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19 (3): 363 - 380.
10. Cialdini, R. B. 2000. Influence: Science and practice, (4th ed.), New York, NY: Allyn & Bacon.
11. Crisp, R. and Cowton, C. 1994. Hypocrisy and moral seriousness. American Philosophical Quarterly, 31: 343 - 349.
12. Effron, D. A. and Monin, B. 2010. Letting people off the hook: When do good deeds excuse transgressions?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36 (12): 1618 - 1634.
13. Epstein, J. 2003. Envy: The seven deadly sins, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
14. Feather, N. T. 1999. Judgments of deservingness: Studies in the psychology of justice and Achievement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3: 86 - 107.
15. Feather, N. T. 2006. " Deservingness and emotions: Applying the structural model of deservingness to the analysis of affective reactions to outcomes ". In European Review of Social Psychology, Edited by: Hewstone, M. and Strobe, W. Vol. 17, 38-73 New York, NY: Psychology Press.
16. Feather, N. T. and Naim, K. 2005. Resentment, envy, schadenfreude, and sympathy: Effects of own and other's deserved or undeserved status. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57 (2): 87 - 102.
17. Feather, N. T. and Sherman, R. 2002. Envy, resentment, schadenfreude, and sympathy: Reactions to deserved and undeserved achievement and subsequent failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28 (7): 953 - 961.
18. Fehr, E. and Gächter, S. 2002. Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415 (6868): 137 - 140.
19. Haggard, T. and Haggard, G. 2006. From this day forward: Making your vows last a lifetime, New York, NY: WaterBrook Press.
20. Hareli, S. and Weiner, B. 2002. Dislike and envy as antecedents of pleasure at another's misfortune. Motivation and Emotion, 26 (4): 257 - 277.
21. Heider, F. 1958. The psychology of interpersonal relations, New York, NY: Wiley.
22. I love the smell of hypocrisy in the morning. (2006). (Retrieved 29 September 2011 from: http://storyoftheturtle.blogspot.com/2006/11/i-love-smell-of-hypocrisy-in-morning.html)
23. Jones, M. and Gallegos, S. 2007. I had to say something: The art of Ted Haggard's fall, New York, NY: Seven Stories Press.
24. Kelley, H. H. 1973. The processes of causal attribution. American Psychologist, 28 (2): 107 - 128.
25. Leach, C. W. and Spears, R. 2008. "The vengefulness of the impotent": The pain of in-group inferiority and schadenfreude toward successful outgroups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95 (6): 1383 - 1396.
26. Mikula, G. 2003. Testing an attribution-of-blame model of judgments of injustice. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33 (6): 793 - 811.
27. Minson, J. A. and Monin, B. 2012. Do-gooder derogation: Disparaging morally motivated minorities to defuse anticipated response. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3 (2): 200 - 207.
28. Monin, B. and Merritt, A. 2011. " Moral hypocrisy, moral inconsistency, and the struggle for moral integrity ". In Herzliya series on personality and social psychology. Vol. 3: The social psychology of morality: Exploring the causes of good and evil, Edited by: Mikulincer, M. and Shaver, P. (pp. 167-184). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association.
29. Newman, J. 1986. Fanatics and hypocrites, Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Frontiers of philosophy
30. Parkinson, B. and Manstead, A. 1993. Making sense of emotion in stories and social life. Cognition and Emotion, 7 (3-4): 295 - 323.
31. Portmann, J. 2000. When bad things happen to other people, London, UK: Routledge.
32. Powell, C. A. J., Smith, R. H. and Schurtz, D. R. 2008. " Pleasure in an envied person's pain ". In Envy: Theory and research, Edited by: Smith, R. H. (pp. 148-164) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
33. Preacher, K. J. and Hayes, A. F. 2004. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36 (4): 717 - 731.
34. Schopenhauer, A. 1974. Parega and paralipomena: Short philosophical essays, Edited by: Payne, E. F. J. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press (Original work published 1851).
35. Shaver, K. G. and Drown, D. 1986. On causality, responsibility, and self-blame: A theoretical note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 (4): 697 - 702.
36. Shelley, C. 2006. Hypocrisy as irony: Toward a cognitive model of hypocrisy. Metaphor and Symbol, 21 (3): 169 - 190.
37. Smith, R. H., Powell, C. A. J., Combs, D. J. Y. and Schurtz, R. D. 2009. Exploring the when and why of schadenfreude. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3: 530 - 546.
38. Smith, R. H., Turner, T. J., Garonzik, R., Leach, C. W., Urch-Druskat, V. and Weston, C. M. 1996. Envy and schadenfreude. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25 (8): 158 - 168.
39. Stone, J., Wiegand, A. W., Cooper, J. and Aronson, E. 1997. When exemplification fails: Hypocrisy and the motive for self-integrity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72 (1): 54 - 65.
40. Szabados, B. and Soifer, E. 2004. Hypocrisy: Ethical investigations, Orchard Park: NY: Broadview Press.
41. Tedeschi, J. T., Schlenker, B. R. and Bonoma, T. V. 1971. Cognitive dissonance: Private ratiocination or public spectacle?. American Psychologist, 26 (8): 685 - 695.
42. Tripp, T. M., Bies, R. J. and Aquino, K. 2002. Poetic justice or petty jealousy? The aesthetics of revenge. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89 (1): 966 - 984.
43. Valdesolo, P. and DeSteno, D. 2007. Moral hypocrisy: Social groups and the flexibility of virtue. Psychological Science, 18: 689 - 690.
44. van Dijk, W. W. 2012. Schadenfreude: Understanding pleasure at the misfortune of others, London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
45. van Dijk, W. W., Goslinga, S. and Ouwerkerk, J. W. 2008. Impact of responsibility for a misfortune on schadenfreude and sympathy: Further evidence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 148 (5): 631 - 636.
46. van Dijk, W. W., Ouwerkerk, J. W. and Goslinga, S. 2009. The impact of deservingness on schadenfreude and sympathy: Further evidence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149 (3): 290 - 292.
47. van Dijk, W. W., Ouwerkerk, J. W., Goslinga, S. and Nieweg, M. 2005. Deservingness and schadenfreude. Cognition and Emotion, 19 (6): 933 - 939.
48. van Dijk, W. W., Ouwerkerk, J. W., Goslinga, S., Nieweg, M. and Gallucci, M. 2006. When people fall from grace: Reconsidering the role of envy in schadenfreude. Emotion, 6 (1): 156 - 160.
49. van Dijk, W. W., van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W. and Wesseling, Y. M. 2011. Self-esteem, self-affirmation, and schadenfreude. Emotion, 11 (6): 1445 - 1449.