Online Media and Political Participation: The Case of Malaysia

Mass Communication and Society

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 557-585

  Willnat, Lars ^a   Wong, W Joann ^a   Tamam, Ezhar ^b   Aw, Annette ^c  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879054868     PISSN: 15205436     EISSN: 15327825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2012.734891     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Abd Hakim, A. A., Corbitt, B., & Young, L. (2010). A review of political blogs: A Malaysian study. Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference ICT, Society and Human Beings 2010 (pp. 223-226). Freiburg, Germany. Retrieved from http://www.cs.uu.nl/groups/OI/downloads/Weeghel%20paper.pdf
2. AFP. (2008, March 28). M'sia PM says 'big mistake' to ignore cyber-campaign. Retrieved from http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20080325-56156.html
3. Azizuddin, M., Sani, M., & Zengeni, K. T. (2008). Democratization in Malaysia: The impact of social media in the 2008 general election. Media, 1 - 16. Retrieved from http://www.adelaide.edu.au/asaa2010/reviewed_papers/Sani-M_Azizuddin_M.pdf
4. Bimber, B. (1998). The Internet and political transformation: Populism, community, and accelerated pluralism. Polity, 31, 133 - 160.
5. Bimber, B. (2003). Information and American democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
6. Bonchek, M. S. (1997). From broadcast to netcast: The Internet and the flow of political information (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
7. Bromley, C., Curtice, J., & Seyd, B. (2004). Is Britain facing a crisis of democracy?. London, UK: UCL Constitution Unit.
8. Burns, N., Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S. (2001). The private roots of public action: Gender, equality, and political participation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Chin, J. (2003). Malaysiakini and its impact on journalism and politics in Malaysia. In K. C. Ho, R. Kluver, & K. C. C. Yang (Eds.), Asia.com: Asia encounters the Internet (pp. 129-142). London, UK: Routledge Curzon.
10. Dahlberg, L. (2001). The Internet and democratic discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere. Information, Communication & Society, 4, 615 - 633.
11. Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22, 147 - 162.
12. Davis, R. (1999). The web of politics: The Internet's impact on the American political system. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
13. Davis, R. (2005). Politics online: Blogs, chatrooms, and discussion groups in American democracy. New York, NY: Routledge.
14. di Gennaro, C., & Dutton, W. H. (2006). The Internet and the public: Online and offline political participation in the United Kingdom. Parliamentary Affairs, 59, 299 - 313.
15. Galston, W. A. (2003). If political fragmentation is the problem, is the Internet the solution?. In D. M. Anderson & M. Cornfield (Eds.), The civic web: Online politics and democratic values (pp. 35 - 44). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
16. George, C. (2006). Contentious journalism and the Internet: Towards democratic discourse in Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
17. Gibson, R., Lusoli, W., & Ward, S. (2005). Online participation in the UK: Testing a 'contextualized' model of Internet effects. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 7, 561 - 583.
18. Gong, R. (2011). Internet politics and state media control: Candidate weblogs in Malaysia. Sociological Perspectives, 54, 307 - 328.
19. Gudykunst, W. B. (2006). Asian American ethnicity and communication. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
20. Hargittai, E., Gallo, J., & Kane, M. (2007). Cross-ideological discussions among conservative and liberal bloggers. Public Choice, 134, 67 - 86.
21. Ho-Abdulah, I., & Hashim, R. S. (2009). The metaphors of Malaysian socio-political bloggers: A shared cognitive schema. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 514 - 523. Retrieved from http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_8_3_15.pdf
22. ISA, & emergency declarations repeal in Malaysia: First step among many towards complete reform. (2011, September 17). Asian Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.asiantribune.com/
23. Internet Word Stats (2012). Internet users and population statistics for Asia. Retrieved from http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm
24. Kaid, L. L., McKinney, M., & Tedesco, J. C. (2000). Civic dialogue in the 1996 presidential campaign: Candidate, media, and public voices. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.
25. Kaye, B. K., & Johnson, T. J. (2002). Online and in the know: Uses and gratifications of the web for political information. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46, 54 - 71.
26. Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50, 173 - 192.
27. Kuppuswamy, C. S. (2008). Malaysia: General elections 2008 - An analysis. South Asia Analysis Group (Paper No. 2627). Retrieved from http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers27%5Cpaper2627.html
28. Lim, M. K. (2009). The function of blogs in democratic discourse. Journal of Global Communication, 2, 313 - 326.
29. Livingstone, S., & Marham, T. (2008). The contribution of media consumption to civic participation. British Journal of Sociology, 59, 351 - 371.
30. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2008). Facts and figures: Statistics and records. Q4 2008. Retrieved from http://www.skmm.gov.my/link_file/facts_figures/stats/pdf/SKMM_Q4.pdf
31. Merdeka Center. (2008). 12th general elections - Observations on issues, voting directions and implications. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Merdeka Centre for Opinion Research. Retrieved from http://www.merdeka.org/pages/02_research.html
32. Mohd Sani, M. A., & Zengeni, K. T. (2010, July). Democratization in Malaysia: The impact of social media in the 2008 general election. Paper presented to the 18th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Adelaide. Retrieved from http://asaa.asn.au/ASAA2010/reviewed_papers/Sani-M_Azizuddin_M.pdf
33. Moy, P., & Gastil, J. (2006). Predicting deliberative conversation: The impact of discussion networks, media use, and political cognitions. Political Communication, 23, 443 - 460.
34. Negroponte, N. (1995). Being digital. New York, NY: Vintage Publishing.
35. Nisbet, M. C., & Scheufele, D. A. (2004). Political talk as a catalyst for online citizenship. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81, 877 - 896.
36. Ninth Malaysian Plan 2006-1010. (2006). Speech by the Prime Minister in the Dewan Rakyat, 31 March 2006. Retrieved from http://www.parlimen.gov.my/news/eng-ucapan_rmk9.pdf
37. Norris, P. (2002). Democratic phoenix: Political activism worldwide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
38. Norris, P., Lovenduski, J., & Campbell, R. (2004). Gender and political participation. London, UK: The Electoral Commission. Retrieved from http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/Electoral%20Commission%20gender%20report.pdf
39. Pandi, A. R. (2011). Blogging and political mobilization among minority Indians in Malaysia (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
40. Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The virtual sphere: The Internet as a public sphere. New Media & Society, 4, 9 - 27.
41. Polat, R. K. (2005). The Internet and political participation. Exploring the explanatory links. European Journal of Communication, 20, 435 - 459.
42. Petra, R. (2008, April 2). Study shows why BN lost media war. Malaysia Today. Retrieved from http://www.malaysia-today.net/archives/archives-2008/5378-study-shows-why-bn-lost-media-war
43. Price, V. (2006). Citizens deliberating online: Theory and some evidence. In T. Davies & S. P. Gangadharan (Eds.), Online deliberation: Design, research, and practice (pp. 37 - 58). Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.
44. Rajaratnam, U. D. (2009). Role of traditional and online media in the 12th general election, Malaysia. SEARCH: The Journal of the South East Asia Research Centre for Communications and Humanities, 1, 33 - 58.
45. Rash, W. (1997). Politics on the net: Wiring the political process. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
46. Reporters Without Borders. (2008). Press Freedom Index 2008. Retrieved from http://en.rsf.org/spip.php?page=classement&id_rubrique=33
47. Seneviratne, K. (2008). Bloggers on opposition benches. Inter Press Service. Retrieved from http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=41576
48. Shah, A. (2008, March 11). Opposition overcomes media hurdles. Asia Media. Retrieved from http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=88755
49. Smeltzer, S. (2008). Blogging in Malaysia: Hope for a new democratic technology? Journal of International Communication, 14, 28 - 45.
50. Steele, J. (2009). Professionalism online: How Malaysiakini challenges authoritarianism. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 14, 91 - 111.
51. Suffian, I. (2008a). Reflections of the 2008 Malaysian general election: Role of the Internet in political communications. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Merdeka Centre for Opinion Research. Retrieved from http://www2.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR005/Msia_Suffian.pdf
52. Suffian, I. (2008b). The successful role of the Internet in the 2008 Malaysian general elections (Hintergrundpapier Nr. 9/2008). Friedrich Naumann Stiftung Für die Freiheit. Potsdam, Germany.
53. Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
54. Tamam, E., & Govindasamy, M. (2009). Political communication practices and research in Malaysia: An overview. In L. Willnat & A. Aw (Eds.), Political communication in Asia (pp. 135 - 153). New York, NY: Routledge.
55. Tan, J. E., & Ibrahim, Z. (2008). Blogging and democratization in Malaysia: A new civil society in the making. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre.
56. Tedesco, J. C. (2006). Web interactivity and young adult political efficacy. In A. P. Williams & J. C. Tedesco (Eds.), The Internet election: Perspectives on the web in campaign 2004 (pp. 187 - 202). Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
57. Tedesco, J. C. (2007). Examining Internet interactivity effects on young adult political information efficacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1183 - 1194.
58. Teoh, S. (2011, September 30). ISA repeal in March, says Najib. The Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/isa-repeal-in-march-says-najib/
59. Tewksbury, D. (2006). Exposure to the newer media in a presidential primary campaign. Political Communication, 23, 313 - 332.
60. Toffler, A., & Toffler, H. (1995). Creating a new civilization-The politics of the third wave. Atlanta, GA: Turner.
61. Tolbert, C., & McNeal, R. S. (2003). Unraveling the effects of the Internet on political participation? Political Research Quarterly, 56, 175 - 185.
62. Ulicny, B., Kokar, M. M., & Matheus, C. J. (2010). Metrics for monitoring a social-political blogosphere: A Malaysian case study. IEEE Internet Computing, 14 (2), 34 - 44.
63. Utz, S. (2009). The (potential) benefits of campaigning via social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 221 - 243. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01438.x/pdf
64. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Online communication and adolescents' well-being: Testing the stimulation versus the displacement hypothesis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12 (4), Article 2. Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/
65. Ward, S., Gibson, R., & Lusoli, W. (2003). Online participation and mobilization in Britain: Hype, hope and reality. Parliamentary Affairs, 56, 652 - 668.
66. Wong, L. (2001). The Internet and social change in Asia. Peace Review, 13, 381 - 387.
67. Wu, T. H. (2009). The networked electorate: The Internet and the quiet democratic revolution in Malaysia and Singapore. Journal of Information, Law & Technology. Retrieved from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2009_2/tang
68. Yong, J. A. (2008, March 12). Battle lost in cyberspace. The Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/Free/Story/STIStory_215784.html
69. Yoong, S. (2008). Malaysian blogger charged with sedition. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/2008-05-06-1211926784_x.htm