Individual variations in human cone photoreceptor packing density: Variations with refractive error

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 49, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 4679-4687

  Chui, Toco Yuen Ping ^a   Song, HongXin ^a   Burns, Stephen A ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMMETROPIA; EYE; EYE AXIS LENGTH; EYE EXAMINATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MYOPIA; OPHTHALMOSCOPE; OPTICAL DENSITY; OPTICS SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE; PHOTORECEPTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFRACTION ERROR; RETINA; RETINA CONE; RETINA FOVEA; RETINA IMAGE; SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY; CELL COUNT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; LASER; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOTOGRAPHY; PHYSIOLOGY; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL DISORDER; VISUAL FIELD;

DIAGNOSTIC AGENT;

ADULT; CELL COUNT; CONES (RETINA); FEMALE; HUMANS; LASERS; MALE; MYOPIA; OPHTHALMOSCOPY; PHOTOGRAPHY; RETINA; VISION DISORDERS; VISUAL ACUITY; VISUAL FIELDS;

EID: 53449091924     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: 15525783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2135     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Liang J, Williams DR, Miller DT. Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1997;14:2884-2892. (Pubitemid 127573833)
2. Roorda A, Romero-Borja F, Donnelly WJ, Queener H, Hebert TJ, Campbell MCW. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Opt Express. 2002;10:405-412.
3. Roorda A. Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy. J Refract Surg. 2000;16:S602-S607.
4. Pircher M, Zawadzki RJ, Evans JW, Werner JS, Hitzenberger CK. Simultaneous imaging of human cone mosaic with adaptive optics enhanced scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and high-speed transversal scanning optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2008;33:22-24. (Pubitemid 351328291)
5. Duncan JL, Zhang Y, Gandhi J, et al. High-resolution imaging with adaptive optics in patients with inherited retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3283-3291. (Pubitemid 351261175)
6. Wolfing JI, Chung M, Carroll J, Roorda A, Williams DR. High-resolution retinal imaging of cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:1014-1019. (Pubitemid 43795235)
7. Carroll J, Neitz M, Hofer H, Neitz J, Williams DR. Functional photoreceptor loss revealed with adaptive optics: an alternate cause of color blindness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8461-8466. (Pubitemid 38736597)
8. Curcio CA, Sloan KR, Kalina RE, Hendrickson AE. Human photoreceptor topography. J Comp Neurol. 1990;292:497-523.
9. Marcos S, Burns SA. Cone spacing and waveguide properties from cone directionality measurements. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1999;16:995-1004. (Pubitemid 129655691)
10. Williams DR. Topography of the foveal cone mosaic in the living human eye. Vision Res. 1988;28:433-454.
11. Curcio CA, Owsley C, Jackson GR. Spare the rods, save the cones in aging and age-related maculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:2015-2018. (Pubitemid 30450964)
12. Jackson GR, Owsley C, Curcio CA. Photoreceptor degeneration and dysfunction in aging and age-related maculopathy. Ageing Res Rev. 2002;1:381-396. (Pubitemid 38340331)
13. Bullimore MA, Gilmartin B, Royston JM. Steady-state accommodation and ocular biometry in late-onset myopia. Doc Ophthalmol. 1992;80:143-155.
14. McBrien NA, Millodot M. A biometric investigation of late onset myopic eyes. Acta Ophthalmol. 1987;65:461-468. (Pubitemid 17147489)
15. Grosvenor T, Scott R. Three-year changes in refraction and its components in youth-onset and early adult-onset myopia. Optom Vis Sci. 1993;70:677-683. (Pubitemid 23231236)
16. Grosvenor T, Scott R. Role of the axial length/corneal radius ratio in determining the refractive state of the eye. Optom Vis Sci. 1994;71:573-579. (Pubitemid 24312132)
17. Atchison DA, Jones CE, Schmid KL, et al. Eye shape in emmetropia and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3380-3386.
18. Atchison DA, Schmid KL, Pritchard N. Neural and optical limits to visual performance in myopia. Vision Res. 2006;46:3707-3722. (Pubitemid 44344302)
19. Chui TY, Yap MK, Chan HH, Thibos LN. Retinal stretching limits peripheral visual acuity in myopia. Vision Res. 2005;45:593-605.
20. Coletta NJ, Watson T. Effect of myopia on visual acuity measured with laser interference fringes. Vision Res. 2006;46:636-651. (Pubitemid 41797436)
21. Strang NC, Winn B, Bradley A. The role of neural and optical factors in limiting visual resolution in myopia. Vision Res. 1998;38:1713-1721. (Pubitemid 28302164)
22. Kitaguchi Y, Bessho K, Yamaguchi T, Nakazawa N, Mihashi T, Fujikado T. In vivo measurements of cone photoreceptor spacing in myopic eyes from images obtained by an adaptive optics fundus camera. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2007;51:456-461.
23. Collins JW, Carney LG. Visual performance in high myopia. Curr Eye Res. 1990;9:217-223.
24. Subbaram MV, Bullimore MA. Visual acuity and the accuracy of the accommodative response. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2002;22:312-318.
25. Fiorentini A, Maffei L. Spatial contrast sensitivity of myopic subjects. Vision Res. 1976;16:437-438.
26. Jaworski A, Gentle A, Zele AJ, Vingrys AJ, McBrien NA. Altered visual sensitivity in axial high myopia: a local postreceptoral phenomenon? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:3695-3702. (Pubitemid 351639740)
27. Rossi EA, Weiser P, Tarrant J, Roorda A. Visual performance in emmetropia and low myopia after correction of high-order aberrations. J Vis. 2007;7:14.
28. Paquin MP, Hamam H, Simonet P. Objective measurement of optical aberrations in myopic eyes. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79:285-291. (Pubitemid 34522622)
29. Salmon TO, West RW, Gasser W, Kenmore T. Measurement of refractive errors in young myopes using the COAS Shack-Hartmann aberrometer. Optom Vis Sci. 2003;80:6-14. (Pubitemid 36106062)
30. Burns SA, Tumbar R, Elsner AE, Ferguson D, Hammer DX. Large-field-of-view, modular, stabilized, adaptive-optics-based scanning laser ophthalmoscope. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2007;24:1313-1326. (Pubitemid 46951558)
31. Jonas JB, Schneider U, Naumann GO. Count and density of human retinal photoreceptors. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992;230:505-510.
32. Sjostrand J, Conradi N, Klaren L. How many ganglion cells are there to a foveal cone? A stereologic analysis of the quantitative relationship between cone and ganglion cells in one normal human fovea. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232:432-437. (Pubitemid 24193940)
33. Sjostrand J, Olsson V, Popovic Z, Conradi N. Quantitative estimations of foveal and extra-foveal retinal circuitry in humans. Vision Res. 1999;39:2987-2998. (Pubitemid 29251234)
34. Meyer-Schwickerath G, Gerke E. Biometric studies of the eyeball and retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984;68:29-31. (Pubitemid 15134737)
35. Curtin BJ, Karlin DB. Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1971;1:42-53.
36. Logan NS, Gilmartin B, Wildsoet CF, Dunne MC. Posterior retinal contour in adult human anisomyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:2152-2162. (Pubitemid 38902583)
37. Springer AD, Hendrickson AE. Development of the primate area of high acuity, 3: temporal relationships between pit formation, retinal elongation and cone packing. Vis Neurosci. 2005;22:171-185.
38. Springer AD, Hendrickson AE. Development of the primate area of high acuity. 1. Use of finite element analysis models to identify mechanical variables affecting pit formation. Vis Neurosci. 2004;21:53-62.
39. Helmholtz HV. Treatise on physiological optics. Opt Soc Am. 1924;2:1-46.
40. Bradley A, Rabin J, Freeman RD. Nonoptical determinants of aniseikonia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983;24:507-512.
41. Snyder AW, Miller WH. Photoreceptor diameter and spacing for highest resolving power. J Opt Soc Am. 1977;67:696-698.
42. Hirsch J, Miller WH. Does cone positional disorder limit resolution? J Opt Soc Am A. 1987;4:1481-1492.
43. Anderson RS, Wilkinson MO, Thibos LN. Psychophysical localization of the human visual streak. Optom Vis Sci. 1992;69:171-174.
44. Anderson SJ, Mullen KT, Hess RF. Human peripheral spatial resolution for achromatic and chromatic stimuli: limits imposed by optical and retinal factors. J Physiol. 1991;442:47-64.
45. Thibos LN, Cheney FE, Walsh DJ. Retinal limits to the detection and resolution of gratings. J Opt Soc Am [A]. 1987;4:1524-1529.