메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 1837-1851

Connections between expiratory bulbospinal neurons and expiratory motoneurons in thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Author keywords

Abdominal motoneurons; Bulbospinal connections; Nucleus retroambiguus; Respiratory pathways

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL WALL MUSCULATURE; ANESTHESIA; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CAT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPERIMENTAL CAT; FEMALE; INNERVATION; INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE; INTERCOSTAL NERVE; LUMBAR SPINE; MALE; MEDULLA OBLONGATA; MONOSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL; MOTONEURON; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL CORD; THORACIC SPINE; THORAX EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA;

EID: 84878476788     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01008.2012     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 67651114060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal expiratory activity in the rat brainstem-spinal cord in situ: Patterns, origins and implications for respiratory rhythm generation
    • Abdala AP, Rybak IA, Smith JC, Paton JF. Abdominal expiratory activity in the rat brainstem-spinal cord in situ: patterns, origins and implications for respiratory rhythm generation. J Physiol 587: 3539-3559, 2009.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 3539-3559
    • Abdala, A.P.1    Rybak, I.A.2    Smith, J.C.3    Paton, J.F.4
  • 3
    • 0018541075 scopus 로고
    • The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones
    • Bainton CR, Kirkwood PA. The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones. J Physiol 296: 291-314, 1979.
    • (1979) J Physiol , vol.296 , pp. 291-314
    • Bainton, C.R.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 4
    • 0035979803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling abdominal musculature in the ferret
    • Billig I, Hartge K, Card JP, Yates BJ. Transneuronal tracing of neural pathways controlling abdominal musculature in the ferret. Brain Res 912: 24-32, 2001.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.912 , pp. 24-32
    • Billig, I.1    Hartge, K.2    Card, J.P.3    Yates, B.J.4
  • 5
    • 24944532048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional heterogeneity among neurons in the nucleus retroambiguus with lumbosacral projections in female cats
    • Boers J, Ford TW, Holstege G, Kirkwood PA. Functional heterogeneity among neurons in the nucleus retroambiguus with lumbosacral projections in female cats. J Neurophysiol 94: 2617-2629, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.94 , pp. 2617-2629
    • Boers, J.1    Ford, T.W.2    Holstege, G.3    Kirkwood, P.A.4
  • 6
    • 29244477507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural evidence for direct excitatory retroambiguus projections to cutaneus trunci and abdominal muscle motoneurons in the cat
    • Boers J, Kirkwood P, De Weerd H, Holstege G. Ultrastructural evidence for direct excitatory retroambiguus projections to cutaneus trunci and abdominal muscle motoneurons in the cat. Brain Res Bull 68: 249-256, 2006.
    • (2006) Brain Res Bull , vol.68 , pp. 249-256
    • Boers, J.1    Kirkwood, P.2    de Weerd, H.3    Holstege, G.4
  • 7
    • 0022271915 scopus 로고
    • Caudal medullary expiratory neuron and internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: Effects of lung inflation
    • Cohen MI, Feldman JL, Sommer D. Caudal medullary expiratory neuron and internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: effects of lung inflation. J Physiol 368: 147-178, 1985.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.368 , pp. 147-178
    • Cohen, M.I.1    Feldman, J.L.2    Sommer, D.3
  • 9
    • 0022271926 scopus 로고
    • The detection of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat
    • Davies JG, Kirkwood PA, Sears TA. The detection of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 368: 33-62, 1985a.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.368 , pp. 33-62
    • Davies, J.G.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 10
    • 0022271955 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat
    • Davies JG, Kirkwood PA, Sears TA. The distribution of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 368: 63-87, 1985b.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.368 , pp. 63-87
    • Davies, J.G.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 11
    • 77956858355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of expiratory and inspiratory activation for thoracic motoneurones in the anaesthetised and the decerebrate rat
    • de Almeida AT, Al-Izki S, Enríquez-Denton M, Kirkwood PA. Patterns of expiratory and inspiratory activation for thoracic motoneurones in the anaesthetised and the decerebrate rat. J Physiol 588: 2707-2729, 2010.
    • (2010) J Physiol , vol.588 , pp. 2707-2729
    • de Almeida, A.T.1    Al-Izki, S.2    Enríquez-Denton, M.3    Kirkwood, P.A.4
  • 12
    • 84878518475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual descending pathways to thoracic motoneurones: Substrates for assessing experimental spinal cord repair
    • Program No. 88.15, Atlanta, GA: Society for Neuroscience
    • de Almeida A, Kirkwood PA. Dual descending pathways to thoracic motoneurones: Substrates for assessing experimental spinal cord repair. Program No. 88.15. 2006 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Atlanta, GA: Society for Neuroscience, 2006.
    • (2006) 2006 Neuroscience Meeting Planner
    • de Almeida, A.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 13
    • 77956813225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple phases of excitation and inhibition in central respiratory drive potentials of thoracic motoneurones in the rat
    • de Almeida AT, Kirkwood PA. Multiple phases of excitation and inhibition in central respiratory drive potentials of thoracic motoneurones in the rat. J Physiol 588: 2731-2744, 2010.
    • (2010) J Physiol , vol.588 , pp. 2731-2744
    • de Almeida, A.T.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 14
    • 0020516435 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical role of the abdominal muscles in relation to posture
    • De Troyer A. Mechanical role of the abdominal muscles in relation to posture. Respir Physiol 53: 341-353, 1983.
    • (1983) Respir Physiol , vol.53 , pp. 341-353
    • de Troyer, A.1
  • 15
    • 15544366320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory action of the intercostal muscles
    • De Troyer A, Kirkwood PA, Wilson TA. Respiratory action of the intercostal muscles. Physiol Rev 85: 717-756, 2005.
    • (2005) Physiol Rev , vol.85 , pp. 717-756
    • de Troyer, A.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Wilson, T.A.3
  • 16
    • 0023094439 scopus 로고
    • Effect of posture on expiratory muscle use during breathing in the dog
    • De Troyer A, Ninane V. Effect of posture on expiratory muscle use during breathing in the dog. Respir Physiol 67: 311-322, 1987.
    • (1987) Respir Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 311-322
    • de Troyer, A.1    Ninane, V.2
  • 17
    • 65249158499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation to restore cough in patients with spinal cord injury: Results of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial. Part I: Methodology and effectiveness of expiratory muscle activation
    • Di Marco AF, Kowalski KE, Geertman RT, Hromyak DR. Lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation to restore cough in patients with spinal cord injury: results of a National Institutes of Health-sponsored clinical trial. Part I: Methodology and effectiveness of expiratory muscle activation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90: 717-725, 2009.
    • (2009) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.90 , pp. 717-725
    • Di Marco, A.F.1    Kowalski, K.E.2    Geertman, R.T.3    Hromyak, D.R.4
  • 18
    • 0001420527 scopus 로고
    • Numbers and contraction-values of individual motor-units examined in some muscles of the limb
    • Eccles JC, Sherrington CS. Numbers and contraction-values of individual motor-units examined in some muscles of the limb. Proc R Soc Lond B 106: 326-357, 1930.
    • (1930) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.106 , pp. 326-357
    • Eccles, J.C.1    Sherrington, C.S.2
  • 19
    • 84862988246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltage-dependent amplification of synaptic inputs in respiratory motoneurones
    • Enríquez Denton M, Wienecke J, Zhang M, Hultborn H, Kirkwood PA. Voltage-dependent amplification of synaptic inputs in respiratory motoneurones. J Physiol 590: 3067-3090, 2012.
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 3067-3090
    • Enríquez, D.M.1    Wienecke, J.2    Zhang, M.3    Hultborn, H.4    Kirkwood, P.A.5
  • 20
    • 84873621305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the rhythm of breathing: So near, yet so far
    • Feldman JL, Del Negro CA, Gray PA. Understanding the rhythm of breathing: so near, yet so far. Annu Rev Physiol. 75: 423-452, 2013.
    • (2013) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.75 , pp. 423-452
    • Feldman, J.L.1    Del Negro, C.A.2    Gray, P.A.3
  • 21
    • 0022261431 scopus 로고
    • Projections from the ventral respiratory group to phrenic and intercostal motoneurons in cat: An autoradiographic study
    • Feldman JL, Loewy AD, Speck DF. Projections from the ventral respiratory group to phrenic and intercostal motoneurons in cat: an autoradiographic study. J Neurosci 5: 1993-2000, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1993-2000
    • Feldman, J.L.1    Loewy, A.D.2    Speck, D.F.3
  • 22
    • 0034177711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the distribution of synaptic potentials from bulbospinal neurones following axotomy in cat thoracic spinal cord
    • Ford TW, Vaughan CW, Kirkwood PA. Changes in the distribution of synaptic potentials from bulbospinal neurones following axotomy in cat thoracic spinal cord. J Physiol 524: 163-178, 2000.
    • (2000) J Physiol , vol.524 , pp. 163-178
    • Ford, T.W.1    Vaughan, C.W.2    Kirkwood, P.A.3
  • 24
    • 0012146916 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory muscle action inferred from rib-cage and abdominal V-P partitioning
    • Grimby G, Goldman M, Mead J. Respiratory muscle action inferred from rib-cage and abdominal V-P partitioning. J Appl Physiol 41: 739-751, 1976.
    • (1976) J Appl Physiol , vol.41 , pp. 739-751
    • Grimby, G.1    Goldman, M.2    Mead, J.3
  • 26
    • 0024389453 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical study of the final common pathway for vocalization in the cat
    • Holstege G. Anatomical study of the final common pathway for vocalization in the cat. J Comp Neurol 284: 242-252, 1989.
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.284 , pp. 242-252
    • Holstege, G.1
  • 27
    • 0025810514 scopus 로고
    • Descending motor pathways and the spinal motor system: Limbic and non-limbic components
    • Holstege G. Descending motor pathways and the spinal motor system: Limbic and non-limbic components. Prog Brain Res 87: 307-421, 1991.
    • (1991) Prog Brain Res , vol.87 , pp. 307-421
    • Holstege, G.1
  • 28
    • 0020393855 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of brainstem pathways to the spinal cord in cat. A labeled amino acid tracing study
    • Holstege G, Kuypers HG. The anatomy of brainstem pathways to the spinal cord in cat. A labeled amino acid tracing study. Prog Brain Res 57: 145-175, 1982.
    • (1982) Prog Brain Res , vol.57 , pp. 145-175
    • Holstege, G.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 29
    • 80053254403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiration-related control of abdominal motoneurons
    • Iizuka M. Respiration-related control of abdominal motoneurons. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 197: 80-88, 2011.
    • (2011) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.197 , pp. 80-88
    • Iizuka, M.1
  • 30
    • 0031698170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of abdominal muscles
    • Iscoe S. Control of abdominal muscles. Prog Neurobiol 56: 433-506, 1998.
    • (1998) Prog Neurobiol , vol.56 , pp. 433-506
    • Iscoe, S.1
  • 31
    • 0037115364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-resistant respiratory pathway from the preinspiratory neurones to abdominal muscles: In vivo and in vitro study in the newborn rat
    • Janczewski WA, Onimaru H, Homma I, Feldman JL. Opioid-resistant respiratory pathway from the preinspiratory neurones to abdominal muscles: in vivo and in vitro study in the newborn rat. J Physiol 545: 1017-1026, 2002.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.545 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Janczewski, W.A.1    Onimaru, H.2    Homma, I.3    Feldman, J.L.4
  • 32
    • 0017350715 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of lung volume and chemical drive on respiratory muscle EMG and respiratory timing
    • Kelsen SG, Altose MD, Cherniack NS. Interaction of lung volume and chemical drive on respiratory muscle EMG and respiratory timing. J Appl Physiol 42: 287-295, 1977.
    • (1977) J Appl Physiol , vol.42 , pp. 287-295
    • Kelsen, S.G.1    Altose, M.D.2    Cherniack, N.S.3
  • 33
    • 0028932372 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic excitation in the thoracic spinal cord from expiratory bulbospinal neurones in the cat
    • Kirkwood PA. Synaptic excitation in the thoracic spinal cord from expiratory bulbospinal neurones in the cat. J Physiol 484: 201-225, 1995.
    • (1995) J Physiol , vol.484 , pp. 201-225
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1
  • 34
    • 0009873546 scopus 로고
    • On the functional significance of long monosynaptic descending pathways to spinal motoneurones
    • edited by Taylor A, Gladden MH, and Durbaba R. New York: Plenum Press
    • Kirkwood PA, Road JD. On the functional significance of long monosynaptic descending pathways to spinal motoneurones. In: Alpha and Gamma Motor Systems, edited by Taylor A, Gladden MH, and Durbaba R. New York: Plenum Press, 1995, p. 589-592.
    • (1995) Alpha and Gamma Motor Systems , pp. 589-592
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Road, J.D.2
  • 35
    • 0027536268 scopus 로고
    • Functional identities of thoracic respiratory interneurones in the cat
    • Kirkwood PA, Schmid K, Sears TA. Functional identities of thoracic respiratory interneurones in the cat. J Physiol 461: 667-687, 1993.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.461 , pp. 667-687
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Schmid, K.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 36
    • 0015676467 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic excitation of thoracic expiratory motoneurones from lateral respiratory neurones in the medulla of the cat
    • Kirkwood PA, Sears TA. Monosynaptic excitation of thoracic expiratory motoneurones from lateral respiratory neurones in the medulla of the cat. J Physiol 234: 87P-89P, 1973.
    • (1973) J Physiol , vol.234
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Sears, T.A.2
  • 37
    • 0020003863 scopus 로고
    • The effects of single afferent impulses on the probability of firing of external intercostal motoneurones in the cat
    • Kirkwood PA, Sears TA. The effects of single afferent impulses on the probability of firing of external intercostal motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 322: 315-336, 1982.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.322 , pp. 315-336
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Sears, T.A.2
  • 38
    • 0020002218 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the time course of the synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat
    • Kirkwood PA, Sears TA, Tuck DL, Westgaard RH. Variations in the time course of the synchronization of intercostal motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 327: 105-135, 1982.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.327 , pp. 105-135
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1    Sears, T.A.2    Tuck, D.L.3    Westgaard, R.H.4
  • 39
    • 0028882732 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of vagal blockade on abdominal muscle activation and shortening in awake dogs
    • Leevers AM, Road JD. Some effects of vagal blockade on abdominal muscle activation and shortening in awake dogs. J Physiol 488: 471-481, 1995.
    • (1995) J Physiol , vol.488 , pp. 471-481
    • Leevers, A.M.1    Road, J.D.2
  • 40
    • 1842535139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rostrocaudal distribution of motoneurones and variation in ventral horn area within a segment of the feline thoracic spinal cord
    • Meehan CF, Ford TW, Road JD, Donga R, Saywell SA, Anissimova NP, Kirkwood PA. Rostrocaudal distribution of motoneurones and variation in ventral horn area within a segment of the feline thoracic spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 472: 281-291, 2004.
    • (2004) J Comp Neurol , vol.472 , pp. 281-291
    • Meehan, C.F.1    Ford, T.W.2    Road, J.D.3    Donga, R.4    Saywell, S.A.5    Anissimova, N.P.6    Kirkwood, P.A.7
  • 41
    • 0014941922 scopus 로고
    • The lateral respiratory neurones of the medulla: Their associations with nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambigualis, the spinal accessory nucleus and the spinal cord
    • Merrill EG. The lateral respiratory neurones of the medulla: their associations with nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambigualis, the spinal accessory nucleus and the spinal cord. Brain Res 24: 11-28, 1970.
    • (1970) Brain Res , vol.24 , pp. 11-28
    • Merrill, E.G.1
  • 42
    • 0015388162 scopus 로고
    • Glass-coated, platinum-plated tungsten microelectrodes
    • Merrill EG, Ainsworth A. Glass-coated, platinum-plated tungsten microelectrodes. Med Biol Eng 510: 662-672, 1972.
    • (1972) Med Biol Eng , vol.510 , pp. 662-672
    • Merrill, E.G.1    Ainsworth, A.2
  • 43
    • 0023186084 scopus 로고
    • Inputs to intercostal motoneurons from ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurons in the cat
    • Merrill EG, Lipski J. Inputs to intercostal motoneurons from ventrolateral medullary respiratory neurons in the cat. J Neurophysiol 57: 1837-1853, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1837-1853
    • Merrill, E.G.1    Lipski, J.2
  • 44
    • 0021795968 scopus 로고
    • Control of abdominal muscles by brain stem respiratory neurons in the cat
    • Miller AD, Ezure K, Suzuki I. Control of abdominal muscles by brain stem respiratory neurons in the cat. J Neurophysiol 54: 155-167, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurophysiol , vol.54 , pp. 155-167
    • Miller, A.D.1    Ezure, K.2    Suzuki, I.3
  • 45
    • 0024407058 scopus 로고
    • Brainstem projections to cats' upper lumbar spinal cord: Implications for abdominal muscle control
    • Miller AD, Tan LK, Lakos SF. Brainstem projections to cats' upper lumbar spinal cord: implications for abdominal muscle control. Brain Res 493: 348-356, 1989.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.493 , pp. 348-356
    • Miller, A.D.1    Tan, L.K.2    Lakos, S.F.3
  • 46
    • 0023177732 scopus 로고
    • Control of abdominal and expiratory intercostal muscle activity during vomiting: Role of ventral respiratory group expiratory neurons
    • Miller AD, Tan LK, Suzuki I. Control of abdominal and expiratory intercostal muscle activity during vomiting: role of ventral respiratory group expiratory neurons. J Neurophysiol 57: 1854-1866, 1987.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1854-1866
    • Miller, A.D.1    Tan, L.K.2    Suzuki, I.3
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0018538770 scopus 로고
    • Properties of single central Ia fibres projecting to motoneurones in the cat
    • Munson JB, Sypert GW. Properties of single central Ia fibres projecting to motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 296: 315-327, 1979.
    • (1979) J Physiol , vol.296 , pp. 315-327
    • Munson, J.B.1    Sypert, G.W.2
  • 49
    • 39049126883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological study of external oblique motor nerves and nuclei in cats
    • Niwa M, Nakayama K, Sasaki SI. Morphological study of external oblique motor nerves and nuclei in cats. Anat Sci Int 83: 17-25, 2008.
    • (2008) Anat Sci Int , vol.83 , pp. 17-25
    • Niwa, M.1    Nakayama, K.2    Sasaki, S.I.3
  • 50
    • 0028081813 scopus 로고
    • Activity of bulbar respiratory neurons during fictive coughing and swallowing in the decerebrate cat
    • Oku Y, Tanaka I, Ezure K. Activity of bulbar respiratory neurons during fictive coughing and swallowing in the decerebrate cat. J Physiol 480: 309-324, 1994.
    • (1994) J Physiol , vol.480 , pp. 309-324
    • Oku, Y.1    Tanaka, I.2    Ezure, K.3
  • 52
    • 84865020700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-dependent modulation of breathing in urethane-anesthetized rats
    • Pagliardini S, Greer JJ, Funk GD, Dickson CT. State-dependent modulation of breathing in urethane-anesthetized rats. J Neurosci 32: 11259-11270, 2012.
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 11259-11270
    • Pagliardini, S.1    Greer, J.J.2    Funk, G.D.3    Dickson, C.T.4
  • 53
    • 0344199566 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of monosynaptic connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones to motoneurones of different expiratory muscles in the cat
    • Road JD, Kirkwood PA. Distribution of monosynaptic connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones to motoneurones of different expiratory muscles in the cat. Abstr XXXII Int Congress Physiol Sci 141.39/P, 1993.
    • (1993) Abstr XXXII Int Congress Physiol Sci , vol.141 , pp. 39
    • Road, J.D.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 54
    • 0023191423 scopus 로고
    • Discharge of abdominal muscle and motoneurons during expiratory loading in cats
    • Russell JA, Bishop B, Hyatt RE. Discharge of abdominal muscle and motoneurons during expiratory loading in cats. Exp Neurol 97: 179-192, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp Neurol , vol.97 , pp. 179-192
    • Russell, J.A.1    Bishop, B.2    Hyatt, R.E.3
  • 55
    • 0025739133 scopus 로고
    • Lower lumbar branching of caudal medullary expiratory neurons of the cat
    • Sasaki S, Uchino H, Imagawa M, Miyake T, Uchino Y. Lower lumbar branching of caudal medullary expiratory neurons of the cat. Brain Res 553: 159-162, 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Res , vol.553 , pp. 159-162
    • Sasaki, S.1    Uchino, H.2    Imagawa, M.3    Miyake, T.4    Uchino, Y.5
  • 56
    • 0028242438 scopus 로고
    • Axon branching of medullary expiratory neurons in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord of the cat
    • Sasaki S, Uchino H, Uchino Y. Axon branching of medullary expiratory neurons in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res 648: 229-238, 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.648 , pp. 229-238
    • Sasaki, S.1    Uchino, H.2    Uchino, Y.3
  • 57
    • 33947186762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The respiratory drive to thoracic motoneurones in the cat and its relation to the connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones
    • Saywell SA, Anissimova NP, Ford TW, Meehan CF, Kirkwood PA. The respiratory drive to thoracic motoneurones in the cat and its relation to the connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones. J Physiol 579: 765-782, 2007.
    • (2007) J Physiol , vol.579 , pp. 765-782
    • Saywell, S.A.1    Anissimova, N.P.2    Ford, T.W.3    Meehan, C.F.4    Kirkwood, P.A.5
  • 58
    • 0027468020 scopus 로고
    • Contralateral projections of thoracic respiratory interneurones in the cat
    • Schmid K, Kirkwood PA, Munson JB, Shen E, Sears TA. Contralateral projections of thoracic respiratory interneurones in the cat. J Physiol 461: 647-665, 1993.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.461 , pp. 647-665
    • Schmid, K.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Munson, J.B.3    Shen, E.4    Sears, T.A.5
  • 59
    • 78651160861 scopus 로고
    • The fibre calibre spectra of sensory and motor fibres in the intercostal nerves of the cat
    • Sears TA. The fibre calibre spectra of sensory and motor fibres in the intercostal nerves of the cat. J Physiol 172: 150-160, 1964a.
    • (1964) J Physiol , vol.172 , pp. 150-160
    • Sears, T.A.1
  • 60
    • 0000420153 scopus 로고
    • The slow potentials of thoracic respiratory motoneurones and their relation to breathing
    • Sears TA. The slow potentials of thoracic respiratory motoneurones and their relation to breathing. J Physiol 175: 404-424, 1964b.
    • (1964) J Physiol , vol.175 , pp. 404-424
    • Sears, T.A.1
  • 61
    • 0017095771 scopus 로고
    • Short-term synchronization of intercostal motoneurone activity
    • Sears TA, Stagg D. Short-term synchronization of intercostal motoneurone activity. J Physiol 263: 357-381, 1976.
    • (1976) J Physiol , vol.263 , pp. 357-381
    • Sears, T.A.1    Stagg, D.2
  • 62
    • 0019780352 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in abdominal muscle activity during various maneuvers in humans
    • Strohl KP, Mead J, Banzett RH, Loring SH, Kosch PC. Regional differences in abdominal muscle activity during various maneuvers in humans. J Appl Physiol 51: 1471-1476, 1981.
    • (1981) J Appl Physiol , vol.51 , pp. 1471-1476
    • Strohl, K.P.1    Mead, J.2    Banzett, R.H.3    Loring, S.H.4    Kosch, P.C.5
  • 63
    • 72849173329 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of the intercostal muscles to the effort of respiration in man
    • Taylor A. The contribution of the intercostal muscles to the effort of respiration in man. J Physiol 151: 390-402, 1960.
    • (1960) J Physiol , vol.151 , pp. 390-402
    • Taylor, A.1
  • 64
    • 0029088179 scopus 로고
    • Caudal medullary pathways to lumbosacral motoneuronal cell groups in the cat: Evidence for direct projections possibly representing the final common pathway for lordosis
    • VanderHorst VG, Holstege G. Caudal medullary pathways to lumbosacral motoneuronal cell groups in the cat: evidence for direct projections possibly representing the final common pathway for lordosis. J Comp Neurol 359: 457-475, 1995.
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.359 , pp. 457-475
    • Vanderhorst, V.G.1    Holstege, G.2
  • 65
    • 0031054228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for monosynaptic projections from the nucleus retroambiguus to hindlimb motoneurons in the cat
    • VanderHorst VG, de Weerd H, Holstege G. Evidence for monosynaptic projections from the nucleus retroambiguus to hindlimb motoneurons in the cat. Neurosci Lett 224: 33-36, 1997.
    • (1997) Neurosci Lett , vol.224 , pp. 33-36
    • Vanderhorst, V.G.1    de Weerd, H.2    Holstege, G.3
  • 66
    • 0034699005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic projections from the nucleus retroambiguus to motoneurons supplying the abdominal wall, axial, hindlimb, and pelvic floor in the female rhesus monkey
    • VanderHorst VG, Terasawa E, Ralston HJ, Holstege G. Monosynaptic projections from the nucleus retroambiguus to motoneurons supplying the abdominal wall, axial, hindlimb, and pelvic floor in the female rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 424: 233-250, 2000.
    • (2000) J Comp Neurol , vol.424 , pp. 233-250
    • Vanderhorst, V.G.1    Terasawa, E.2    Ralston, H.J.3    Holstege, G.4
  • 67
    • 0030693821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from motoneurone synchronization for disynaptic pathways in the control of inspiratory motoneurones in the cat
    • Vaughan CW, Kirkwood PA. Evidence from motoneurone synchronization for disynaptic pathways in the control of inspiratory motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 503: 673-691, 1997.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.503 , pp. 673-691
    • Vaughan, C.W.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.