메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 588, Issue 15, 2010, Pages 2707-2729

Patterns of expiratory and inspiratory activation for thoracic motoneurones in the anaesthetized and the decerebrate rat

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT ANIMAL; AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BREATHING PATTERN; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECEREBRATION; EFFERENT NERVE; ELECTROMYOGRAM; FEMALE; HYPERCAPNIA; INNERVATION; INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE; MOTOR UNIT; NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RESPIRATORY NERVE CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; AUTOMATED PATTERN RECOGNITION; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; BREATHING MUSCLE; EXHALATION; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; INHALATION; MOTONEURON; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT;

EID: 77956858355     PISSN: 00223751     EISSN: 14697793     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.192518     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 67651114060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal expiratory activity in the rat brainstem-spinal cord in situ: patterns, origins and implications for respiratory rhythm generation
    • Abdala AP, Rybak IA, Smith JC & Paton JF (2009). Abdominal expiratory activity in the rat brainstem-spinal cord in situ: patterns, origins and implications for respiratory rhythm generation. J Physiol 587, 3539-3559.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 3539-3559
    • Abdala, A.P.1    Rybak, I.A.2    Smith, J.C.3    Paton, J.F.4
  • 2
    • 0017800313 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the efferent innervation of rat soleus muscle spindles
    • Andrew BL, Leslie GC & Part NJ (1978). Some observations on the efferent innervation of rat soleus muscle spindles. Exp Brain Res 31, 433-443.
    • (1978) Exp Brain Res , vol.31 , pp. 433-443
    • Andrew, B.L.1    Leslie, G.C.2    Part, N.J.3
  • 3
    • 0015319479 scopus 로고
    • Properties of fast and slow motor units in hind limb and tail muscles of the rat
    • Andrew BL & Part NJ (1972). Properties of fast and slow motor units in hind limb and tail muscles of the rat. Q J Exp Physiol 57, 213-225.
    • (1972) Q J Exp Physiol , vol.57 , pp. 213-225
    • Andrew, B.L.1    Part, N.J.2
  • 4
    • 0018541075 scopus 로고
    • The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and the rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones
    • Bainton CR & Kirkwood PA (1979). The effect of carbon dioxide on the tonic and the rhythmic discharges of expiratory bulbospinal neurones. J Physiol 296, 291-314.
    • (1979) J Physiol , vol.296 , pp. 291-314
    • Bainton, C.R.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 5
    • 0017902737 scopus 로고
    • On the transmission of the stimulating effects of carbon dioxide to the muscles of respiration
    • Bainton CR, Kirkwood PA & Sears TA (1978). On the transmission of the stimulating effects of carbon dioxide to the muscles of respiration. J Physiol 280, 249-272.
    • (1978) J Physiol , vol.280 , pp. 249-272
    • Bainton, C.R.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 6
    • 0022560208 scopus 로고
    • The non-uniform character of expiratory synaptic activity in expiratory bulbospinal neurones of the cat
    • Ballantyne D & Richter DW(1986). The non-uniform character of expiratory synaptic activity in expiratory bulbospinal neurones of the cat. J Physiol 370, 433-456.
    • (1986) J Physiol , vol.370 , pp. 433-456
    • Ballantyne, D.1    Richter, D.W.2
  • 7
    • 0022271915 scopus 로고
    • Caudalmedullary expiratory neurone and internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: effects of lung inflation
    • CohenMI, Feldman JL & Sommer D (1985). Caudalmedullary expiratory neurone and internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: effects of lung inflation. J Physiol 368, 147-178.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.368 , pp. 147-178
    • Cohen, M.I.1    Feldman, J.L.2    Sommer, D.3
  • 8
    • 84867835957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duel descending pathways to thoracic motoneurones: Substrates for assessing experimental spinal cord repair 2006
    • Programme No. 88.15. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.
    • de Almeida A & Kirkwood PA (2006). Duel descending pathways to thoracic motoneurones: Substrates for assessing experimental spinal cord repair. 2006 Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner, Programme No. 88.15. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.
    • (2006) Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner
    • de Almeida, A.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 9
    • 84867835956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of respiratory activation for intercostal muscles in the rat
    • C11 and PC60
    • de Almeida A & Kirkwood PA (2008). Patterns of respiratory activation for intercostal muscles in the rat. Proc Physiol Soc 10, C11 and PC60.
    • (2008) Proc Physiol Soc , Issue.10
    • de Almeida, A.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 10
    • 77956813225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple phases of excitation and inhibition in central respiratory drive potentials of thoracic motoneurones in the rat
    • de Almeida ATR & Kirkwood PA (2010). Multiple phases of excitation and inhibition in central respiratory drive potentials of thoracic motoneurones in the rat. J Physiol 588, 2731-2744.
    • (2010) J Physiol , vol.588 , pp. 2731-2744
    • de Almeida, A.T.R.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2
  • 11
    • 0019365180 scopus 로고
    • Development of neuromuscular junctions in rat embryos
    • Dennis MJ, Ziskind-Conhaim L & Harris AJ (1981). Development of neuromuscular junctions in rat embryos. Dev Biol 81, 266-279.
    • (1981) Dev Biol , vol.81 , pp. 266-279
    • Dennis, M.J.1    Ziskind-Conhaim, L.2    Harris, A.J.3
  • 12
    • 0024829742 scopus 로고
    • Inspiratory function of the levator costae and external intercostal muscles in the dog
    • De Troyer A & Farkas GA (1989). Inspiratory function of the levator costae and external intercostal muscles in the dog. J Appl Physiol 67, 2614-2621.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 2614-2621
    • De Troyer, A.1    Farkas, G.A.2
  • 13
    • 15544366320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory action of the intercostal muscles
    • De Troyer A, Kirkwood, PA, & Wilson TA (2005). Respiratory action of the intercostal muscles. Physiol Rev 85, 717-756.
    • (2005) Physiol Rev , vol.85 , pp. 717-756
    • De Troyer, A.1    Kirkwood, P.A.2    Wilson, T.A.3
  • 14
    • 60349123753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting ethical matters in The Journal of Physiology: standards and advice
    • Drummond GB (2009). Reporting ethical matters in The Journal of Physiology: standards and advice. J Physiol 587, 713-719.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 713-719
    • Drummond, G.B.1
  • 15
    • 0036915794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repair of spinal cord injuries: where are we, where are we going?
    • Fawcett J (2002). Repair of spinal cord injuries: where are we, where are we going? Spinal Cord 40, 615-623.
    • (2002) Spinal Cord , vol.40 , pp. 615-623
    • Fawcett, J.1
  • 16
    • 33644558047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking for inspiration: new perspectives on respiratory rhythm
    • Feldman JL & Del Negro CA (2006). Looking for inspiration: new perspectives on respiratory rhythm. Nat Rev Neurosci 7, 232-241.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 232-241
    • Feldman, J.L.1    Del Negro, C.A.2
  • 17
    • 40449096896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B̈otzinger expiratory-augmenting neurons and the parafacial respiratory group
    • Fortuna MG, West GH, Stornetta RL & Guyenet PG (2008). B̈otzinger expiratory-augmenting neurons and the parafacial respiratory group. J Neurosci 28, 2506-2515.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 2506-2515
    • Fortuna, M.G.1    West, G.H.2    Stornetta, R.L.3    Guyenet, P.G.4
  • 18
    • 0024557191 scopus 로고
    • Internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: influence of chemical stimuli
    • Fregosi RF & Bartlett D Jr (1989). Internal intercostal nerve discharges in the cat: influence of chemical stimuli. J Appl Physiol 66, 687-694.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 687-694
    • Fregosi, R.F.1    Bartlett Jr., D.2
  • 19
    • 0023908156 scopus 로고
    • Discharges of bulbar respiratory neurons during rhythmic straining evoked by activation of pelvic afferent fibers in dogs
    • Fukuda H & Fukai K (1988). Discharges of bulbar respiratory neurons during rhythmic straining evoked by activation of pelvic afferent fibers in dogs. Brain Res 449, 157-166.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.449 , pp. 157-166
    • Fukuda, H.1    Fukai, K.2
  • 20
    • 47549103747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercostal and abdominal respiratory motoneurons in the neonatal rat spinal cord: spatiotemporal organization and responses to limb afferent stimulation
    • Giraudin A, Cabirol-Pol MJ, Simmers J & Morin D (2008). Intercostal and abdominal respiratory motoneurons in the neonatal rat spinal cord: spatiotemporal organization and responses to limb afferent stimulation. J Neurophysiol 99, 2626-2640.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.99 , pp. 2626-2640
    • Giraudin, A.1    Cabirol-Pol, M.J.2    Simmers, J.3    Morin, D.4
  • 21
    • 0021894034 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory activity of human levator costae muscles and its modification by posture
    • Goldman MD, Loh L & Sears TA (1985). The respiratory activity of human levator costae muscles and its modification by posture. J Physiol 362, 189-204.
    • (1985) J Physiol , vol.362 , pp. 189-204
    • Goldman, M.D.1    Loh, L.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 22
    • 0003920411 scopus 로고
    • Hafner Publishing Company Inc., USA.
    • Greene E (1968). Anatomy of the Rat. Hafner Publishing Company Inc., USA.
    • (1968) Anatomy of the Rat
    • Greene, E.1
  • 24
    • 0020644134 scopus 로고
    • Central and proprioceptive influences on the activity of levator costae motoneurones in the cat
    • Hilaire GG, Nicholls JG & Sears TA (1983). Central and proprioceptive influences on the activity of levator costae motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 342, 527-548.
    • (1983) J Physiol , vol.342 , pp. 527-548
    • Hilaire, G.G.1    Nicholls, J.G.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 25
    • 0141746251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAA and glycine receptors in regulation of intercostal and abdominal expiratory activity in vitro in neonatal rat
    • Iizuka M (2003). GABAA and glycine receptors in regulation of intercostal and abdominal expiratory activity in vitro in neonatal rat. J Physiol 551, 617-633.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.551 , pp. 617-633
    • Iizuka, M.1
  • 26
    • 34248673143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hypercapnic acidosis and hypoxia on abdominal expiratory nerve activity in the rat
    • Iizuka M & Fregosi RF (2007). Influence of hypercapnic acidosis and hypoxia on abdominal expiratory nerve activity in the rat. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 157, 196-205.
    • (2007) Respir Physiol Neurobiol , vol.157 , pp. 196-205
    • Iizuka, M.1    Fregosi, R.F.2
  • 27
    • 0031698170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of abdominal muscles
    • Iscoe S (1998). Control of abdominal muscles. Progr Neurobiol 56, 433-506.
    • (1998) Progr Neurobiol , vol.56 , pp. 433-506
    • Iscoe, S.1
  • 28
    • 33644559872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration in the juvenile rat
    • JanczewskiWA & Feldman JL (2006). Distinct rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration in the juvenile rat. J Physiol 570, 407-420.
    • (2006) J Physiol , vol.570 , pp. 407-420
    • Janczewski, W.A.1    Feldman, J.L.2
  • 29
    • 0037115364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-resistant respiratory pathway from the preinspiratory neurones to abdominal muscles: in vivo and in vitro study in the newborn rat
    • JanczewskiWA, Onimaru H, Homma I & Feldman JL (2002). Opioid-resistant respiratory pathway from the preinspiratory neurones to abdominal muscles: in vivo and in vitro study in the newborn rat. J Physiol 545, 1017-1026.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.545 , pp. 1017-1026
    • Janczewski, W.A.1    Onimaru, H.2    Homma, I.3    Feldman, J.L.4
  • 30
    • 0028932372 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic excitation in the thoracic spinal cord from expiratory bulbospinal neurones in the cat
    • Kirkwood PA (1995). Synaptic excitation in the thoracic spinal cord from expiratory bulbospinal neurones in the cat. J Physiol 484, 201-225.
    • (1995) J Physiol , vol.484 , pp. 201-225
    • Kirkwood, P.A.1
  • 31
    • 0021745381 scopus 로고
    • Are the external and internal intercostal muscles synergist or antagonist in the cat?
    • Le Bars P & Duron B (1984). Are the external and internal intercostal muscles synergist or antagonist in the cat? Neurosci Lett 51, 383-386.
    • (1984) Neurosci Lett , vol.51 , pp. 383-386
    • Le Bars, P.1    Duron, B.2
  • 32
    • 0033166604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of external and internal intercostal activity in dogs
    • Legrand A & De Troyer A (1999). Spatial distribution of external and internal intercostal activity in dogs. J Physiol 518, 291-300.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.518 , pp. 291-300
    • Legrand, A.1    De Troyer, A.2
  • 33
    • 2542523804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical activation of C1-C2 spinal neurons modulates intercostal and phrenic activity in rats
    • Lu F, Qin C, Foreman RD & Farber JP (2004). Chemical activation of C1-C2 spinal neurons modulates intercostal and phrenic activity in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286, R1069-R1076.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.286
    • Lu, F.1    Qin, C.2    Foreman, R.D.3    Farber, J.P.4
  • 34
    • 1842535139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rostrocaudal distribution of motoneurones and variation in ventral horn area within a segment of the feline thoracic spinal cord
    • Meehan CF, Ford TW, Road JD, Donga R, Saywell SA, Anissimova NP & Kirkwood PA (2004). Rostrocaudal distribution of motoneurones and variation in ventral horn area within a segment of the feline thoracic spinal cord. J CompNeurol 472, 281-291.
    • (2004) J CompNeurol , vol.472 , pp. 281-291
    • Meehan, C.F.1    Ford, T.W.2    Road, J.D.3    Donga, R.4    Saywell, S.A.5    Anissimova, N.P.6    Kirkwood, P.A.7
  • 35
    • 0023159147 scopus 로고
    • The labile respiratory activity of ribcage muscles of the rat during sleep
    • Megirian D, Pollard MJ & Sherrey JH (1987). The labile respiratory activity of ribcage muscles of the rat during sleep. J Physiol 389, 99-110.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.389 , pp. 99-110
    • Megirian, D.1    Pollard, M.J.2    Sherrey, J.H.3
  • 36
    • 0037422029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid-induced quantal slowing reveals dual networks for respiratory rhythm generation
    • Mellen NM, JanczewskiWA, Bocchiaro CM & Feldman JL (2003). Opioid-induced quantal slowing reveals dual networks for respiratory rhythm generation. Neuron 37, 821-826.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , pp. 821-826
    • Mellen, N.M.1    Janczewski, W.A.2    Bocchiaro, C.M.3    Feldman, J.L.4
  • 37
    • 0023177732 scopus 로고
    • Control of abdominal and expiratory intercostal muscle activity during vomiting: role of ventral respiratory group expiratory neurons
    • Miller AD, Tan LK & Suzuki I (1987). Control of abdominal and expiratory intercostal muscle activity during vomiting: role of ventral respiratory group expiratory neurons. J Neurophysiol 57, 1854-1866.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1854-1866
    • Miller, A.D.1    Tan, L.K.2    Suzuki, I.3
  • 38
    • 0024588389 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypercapnia and PEEP on expiratory muscle EMG and shortening
    • Oliven A & Kelsen SG (1989). Effect of hypercapnia and PEEP on expiratory muscle EMG and shortening. J Appl Physiol 66, 1408-1413.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 1408-1413
    • Oliven, A.1    Kelsen, S.G.2
  • 39
    • 0023835611 scopus 로고
    • Primary respiratory rhythm generator in the medulla of brainstem-spinal cord preparation from newborn rat
    • Onimaru H, Arata A & Homma I (1988). Primary respiratory rhythm generator in the medulla of brainstem-spinal cord preparation from newborn rat. Brain Res 445, 314-324.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.445 , pp. 314-324
    • Onimaru, H.1    Arata, A.2    Homma, I.3
  • 40
    • 33744937354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiration-related rhythmic activity in the rostral medulla of newborn rats
    • Onimaru H, Kumagawa Y & Homma I (2006). Respiration-related rhythmic activity in the rostral medulla of newborn rats. J Neurophysiol 96, 55-61.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 55-61
    • Onimaru, H.1    Kumagawa, Y.2    Homma, I.3
  • 42
    • 84940130397 scopus 로고
    • Ramification of the intercostal nerves in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with special reference to the innervation of the intercostal muscles
    • Sakamoto H, Akita K & Sato T (1993). Ramification of the intercostal nerves in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with special reference to the innervation of the intercostal muscles. Acta Anat (Basel) 146, 62-70.
    • (1993) Acta Anat (Basel) , vol.146 , pp. 62-70
    • Sakamoto, H.1    Akita, K.2    Sato, T.3
  • 43
    • 0030477042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anatomical analysis of the relationships between the intercostal nerves and the thoracic and abdominal muscles in man
    • Sakamoto H, Akita K & Sato T (1996). An anatomical analysis of the relationships between the intercostal nerves and the thoracic and abdominal muscles in man. I. Ramification of the intercostal nerves. Acta Anat (Basel) 156, 132-142.
    • (1996) I. Ramification of the intercostal nerves. Acta Anat (Basel) , vol.156 , pp. 132-142
    • Sakamoto, H.1    Akita, K.2    Sato, T.3
  • 44
    • 33947186762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The respiratory drive to thoracic motoneurones in the cat and its relation to the connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones
    • Saywell SA, Anissimova NP, Ford TW, Meehan CF & Kirkwood PA (2007). The respiratory drive to thoracic motoneurones in the cat and its relation to the connections from expiratory bulbospinal neurones. J Physiol 579, 765-782.
    • (2007) J Physiol , vol.579 , pp. 765-782
    • Saywell, S.A.1    Anissimova, N.P.2    Ford, T.W.3    Meehan, C.F.4    Kirkwood, P.A.5
  • 45
    • 78651160861 scopus 로고
    • The fibre calibre spectra of sensory and motor fibres in the intercostal nerves of the cat
    • Sears TA (1964a). The fibre calibre spectra of sensory and motor fibres in the intercostal nerves of the cat. J Physiol 172, 150-161.
    • (1964) J Physiol , vol.172 , pp. 150-161
    • Sears, T.A.1
  • 46
    • 0001578245 scopus 로고
    • Efferent discharges in alpha and fusimotor fibres of intercostal nerves of the cat
    • Sears TA (1964b). Efferent discharges in alpha and fusimotor fibres of intercostal nerves of the cat. J Physiol 174, 295-315.
    • (1964) J Physiol , vol.174 , pp. 295-315
    • Sears, T.A.1
  • 47
    • 0017695212 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory motoneuron and apneusis
    • Sears TA (1977). The respiratory motoneuron and apneusis. Fed Proc 36, 2412-2420.
    • (1977) Fed Proc , vol.36 , pp. 2412-2420
    • Sears, T.A.1
  • 48
    • 0036453579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caudal expiratory neurones in the rat
    • Shen LL & Duffin J (2002). Caudal expiratory neurones in the rat. Pflugers Arch 444, 405-410.
    • (2002) Pflugers Arch , vol.444 , pp. 405-410
    • Shen, L.L.1    Duffin, J.2
  • 49
    • 0038388256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory connections among rostral medullary expiratory neurones detected with cross-correlation in the decerebrate rat
    • Shen LL, Li YM & Duffin J (2003). Inhibitory connections among rostral medullary expiratory neurones detected with cross-correlation in the decerebrate rat. Pflugers Arch 446, 365-372.
    • (2003) Pflugers Arch , vol.446 , pp. 365-372
    • Shen, L.L.1    Li, Y.M.2    Duffin, J.3
  • 50
    • 0021060952 scopus 로고
    • The development and postnatal organization of motor nuclei in the rat thoracic spinal cord
    • Smith CL & Hollyday M (1983). The development and postnatal organization of motor nuclei in the rat thoracic spinal cord. J CompNeurol 220, 16-28.
    • (1983) J CompNeurol , vol.220 , pp. 16-28
    • Smith, C.L.1    Hollyday, M.2
  • 51
    • 0021284556 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory rhythm generation in the in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat
    • Suzue T (1984). Respiratory rhythm generation in the in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation of the neonatal rat. J Physiol 354, 173-183.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.354 , pp. 173-183
    • Suzue, T.1
  • 52
    • 0028073848 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the arrangement of motoneuron pools in the ventral horn and ramification pattern of the spinal nerve innervating trunk muscles in the cat (Felis domestica)
    • Tani M, Kida MY & Akita K (1994). Relationship between the arrangement of motoneuron pools in the ventral horn and ramification pattern of the spinal nerve innervating trunk muscles in the cat (Felis domestica). Exp Neurol 128, 290-300.
    • (1994) Exp Neurol , vol.128 , pp. 290-300
    • Tani, M.1    Kida, M.Y.2    Akita, K.3
  • 53
    • 0029942265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections from upper cervical inspiratory neurons to phrenic and intercostal motoneurons studied with cross-correlation in the decerebrate rat
    • Tian GF & Duffin J (1996). Connections from upper cervical inspiratory neurons to phrenic and intercostal motoneurons studied with cross-correlation in the decerebrate rat. Exp Brain Res 110, 196-204.
    • (1996) Exp Brain Res , vol.110 , pp. 196-204
    • Tian, G.F.1    Duffin, J.2
  • 54
    • 8044247418 scopus 로고
    • The costal musculature
    • Walmsley T (1916). The costal musculature. J Anat Physiol 50, 165-171.
    • (1916) J Anat Physiol , vol.50 , pp. 165-171
    • Walmsley, T.1
  • 55
    • 56649102271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacemakers handshake synchronization mechanism of mammalian respiratory rhythmogenesis
    • Wittmeier S, Song G, Duffin J & Poon CS (2008). Pacemakers handshake synchronization mechanism of mammalian respiratory rhythmogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 18000-18005.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 18000-18005
    • Wittmeier, S.1    Song, G.2    Duffin, J.3    Poon, C.S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.