Use of the tetrazolium salt MTT to measure cell viability effects of the bacterial antagonist Lysobacter enzymogenes on the filamentous fungus Cryphonectria parasitica

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology

Volumn 103, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 1271-1280

  Patel, Nrupali ^a   Oudemans, Peter V ^a   Hillman, Bradley I ^a   Kobayashi, Donald Y ^a  

^a The State University of New Jersey   (United States)

Author keywords

Antagonism; Antifungal; Bacterial fungal interaction; Biological control; Viability stain

Indexed keywords

3 (4,5 DIMETHYL 2 THIAZOLYL) 2,5 DIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM BROMIDE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

AGE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CELL; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM MUTANT; CELL DENSITY; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPHONECTRIA PARASITICA; FUNGAL CELL; FUNGUS; IN VITRO STUDY; LYSOBACTER; LYSOBACTER ENZYMOGENES; MYCELIUM; NONHUMAN; ORGANISMAL INTERACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WILD TYPE;

ANTIBIOSIS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; CELL COUNT; LYSOBACTER; MICROBIAL VIABILITY; SACCHAROMYCETALES; TETRAZOLIUM SALTS; THIAZOLES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CRYPHONECTRIA PARASITICA; FUNGI; LYSOBACTER ENZYMOGENES;

EID: 84878340339     PISSN: 00036072     EISSN: 15729699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9907-3     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bell AA, Wheeler MH (1986) Biosynthesis and functions of fungal melanins. Annu Rev Phytopathol 24:411-451
2. Bertaux J, Schmid M, Prevost-Boure NC, Churin JL, Hartmann A, Garbaye J, Frey-Klett P (2003) In situ identification of intracellular bacteria related to Paenibacillus spp. in the mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(7):4243-4248
3. Christensen P, Cook FD (1978) Lysobacter, a new genus of nonfruiting, gliding bacteria with a high base ratio. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28(3):367-393
4. Etxeberria A, Mendarte S, Larregla S (2011) Determination of viability of Phytophthora capsici oospores with the tetrazolium bromide staining test versus a plasmolysis method. Rev Iberoam Micol 28:43-49
5. Folman LB, Postma J, Van Veen JA (2003) Characterisation of Lysobacter enzymogenes (Christensen and Cook 1978) strain 3.1T8, a powerful antagonist of fungal diseases of cucumber. Microbiol Res 158:1-9
6. Hickey PC, Swift SR, Roca MG, Read ND (2004) Live-cell imaging of filamentous fungi using vital fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy. In: Savidge T, Charalabos P (eds) Methods in microbiology, vol 34. Academic, New York, pp 63-87
7. Hidore MR, Nabavi N, Sonleitner F, Murphy JW (1991) Murine natural killer cells are fungicidal to Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 59(5):1747-1754
8. Hillman BI, Shapira R, Nuss DL (1990) Hypoviulence-associated suppression of host functions in Cryphonectria parasitica can be partially relived by high light intensity. Phytopathology 80:950-956
9. Hua S, Brandl M, Hernlem B, Eng J, Sarreal S (2011) Fluorescent viability stains to probe the metabolic status of aflatoxigenic fungus in dual culture of Aspergillus flavus and Pichia anomala. Mycopathologia 171(2):133-138
10. Jahn B, Martin E, Stueben A, Bhakdi S (1995) Susceptibility testing of Candida albicans and Aspergillus species by a simple microtiter menadione-augmented 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. J Clin Microbiol 33(3):661-667
11. Kobayashi DY, Crouch JA (2009) Bacterial-fungal interactions: from pathogens to mutualistic endosymbionts. Annu Rev Phytopathol 47:63-82
12. Kobayashi DY, Yuen GY (2005) The role of clp-regulated factors in antagonism against Magnaporthe poae and biological control of summer patch disease of Kentucky bluegrass by Lysobacter enzymogenes C3. Can J Microbiol 51:719-723
13. Kobayashi DY, Yuen GY (2007) The potential of Lysobacter spp. as bacterial biological control agents for plant diseases. CAB Rev Perspect Agric Vet Sci Nutr Nat Res 2(007):1-11
14. Kobayashi DY, Reedy RM, Palumbo JD, Zhou J-M, Yuen GY (2005) A clp gene homologue belonging to the Crp gene family globally regulates lytic enzyme production, antimicrobial activity and biological control activity expressed by Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(1):261-269
15. Krishnan S, Manavathu EK, Chandrasekar PH (2005) A comparative study of fungicidal activities of voriconazole and amphotericin B against hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 55(6):914-920
16. Leveau JHJ, Preston GM (2008) Bacterial mycophagy: definition and diagnosis of a unique bacterial-fungal interaction. New Phytol 177(4):859-876
17. Levitz SM, Diamond RD (1985) A rapid colorimetric assay of fungal viability with the tetrazolium salt MTT. J Infect Dis 152:938-945
18. Li S, Jochum CC, Yu F, Zaleta-Rivera K, Du L, Harris SD, Yuen GY (2008) An antibiotic complex from Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3: antimicrobial activity and role in plant disease control. Phytopathology 98(6):695-701
19. McAlester G, O'Gara F, Morrissey JP (2008) Signal-mediated interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. J Med Microbiol 57(5):563-569
20. Mela F, Fritsche K, de Boer W, van Veen JA, de Graaff LH, van den Berg M, Leveau JHJ (2011) Dual transcriptional profiling of a bacterial/fungal confrontation: Collimonas fungivorans versus Aspergillus niger. ISME J 5(9):1494-1504
21. Meshulam T, Levitz SM, Christin L, Diamond RD (1995) A simplified new assay for assessment of fungal cell damage with the tetrazolium dye, (2,3)-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT). J Infect Dis 172:1153-1156
22. Partida-Martinez LP, Hertweck C (2005) Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature 437(7060):884-888
23. Pittis JE, Shattock RC (1994) Viability, germination and infection potential of oospores of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathol 43(2):387-396
24. Sullivan RF, Holtman MA, Zylstra GJ, White JF, Kobayashi DY (2003) Taxonomic positioning of two biological control agents for plant diseases as Lysobacter enzymogenes based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA, fatty acid composition and phenotypic characteristics. J Appl Microbiol 94(6):1079-1086
25. Tachon S, Michelon D, Chambellon E, Cantonnet M, Mezange C, Henno L, Cachon R, Yvon M (2009) Experimental conditions affect the site of tetrazolium violet reduction in the electron transport chain of Lactococcus lactis. Microbiology 155(9):2941-2948
26. Wang H, Cheng H, Wang F, Wei D, Wang X (2010) An improved 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay for evaluating the viability of Escherichia coli cells. J Microbiol Methods 82(3):330-333
27. Yu F, Zaleta-Rivera K, Zhu X, Huffman J, Millet J, Harris S, Yuen G, Li X, Du L (2007) Structure and biosynthesis of HSAF, a broad spectrum antimycotic with a novel mode of action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:64-72
28. Zhang Z, Yuen GY (2000) Effects of culture fluids and preinduction of chitinase production on biocontrol of Bipolaris leaf spot by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C3. Biol Control 18(3):277-286