메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue , 2013, Pages 113-157

Carvedilol

Author keywords

ADME; Adrenoreceptor; Analysis; Carvedilol; Degradation; Impurities; Metabolism; Pharmacokinetics; Physical characteristics; Spectroscopy; Stability; Synthesis

Indexed keywords

CARVEDILOL;

EID: 84878181415     PISSN: 18715125     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407691-4.00004-6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (40)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0011708272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Merck Index (online), fourteenth ed.
    • Whitehouse Station, NJ, Merck & Co. Inc. Search Term: Lamotrigine, accessed 2.11.2011.
    • The Merck Index (online), fourteenth ed., Whitehouse Station, NJ, Merck & Co. Inc. Search Term: Lamotrigine, accessed 2.11.2011. http://www.medicinescomplete.com/.
  • 2
    • 84878173090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Pharmacopoeia , vol. , Carvedilol Monograph.
    • British Pharmacopoeia 2013, vol. 2, Carvedilol Monograph.
    • (2013) , vol.2
  • 3
    • 84878199752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Pharmacopoeia 7.0, vol. , Carvedilol Monograph.
    • European Pharmacopoeia 7.0, vol. 2, Carvedilol Monograph.
    • , vol.2
  • 4
    • 46349099994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin on solubility of carvedilol
    • Shewale B.D., et al. Effect of hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin on solubility of carvedilol. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 2008, 70:255-257.
    • (2008) Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 255-257
    • Shewale, B.D.1
  • 5
    • 84878188986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WO2008/083130 A2
    • A.V. Patil, et al., WO2008/083130 A2, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Patil, A.V.1
  • 6
    • 84878213168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WO2011/119477 A2
    • J. Desai, et al., WO2011/119477 A2, 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Desai, J.1
  • 7
    • 51449123372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol: solubilization and cyclodextrin complexation: a technical note
    • Loftsson T., et al. Carvedilol: solubilization and cyclodextrin complexation: a technical note. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2008, 9:425-430.
    • (2008) AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. , vol.9 , pp. 425-430
    • Loftsson, T.1
  • 8
    • 84862635256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and solubility improvement of carvedilol: PSC[n]arene inclusion complexes with acute oral toxicity studies
    • Menon S.K., et al. Evaluation and solubility improvement of carvedilol: PSC[n]arene inclusion complexes with acute oral toxicity studies. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 2012, 73:295-303.
    • (2012) J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. , vol.73 , pp. 295-303
    • Menon, S.K.1
  • 10
    • 84878178618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACD Labs, Release 11.00, Product Version 11.02, Build 25941, May 21
    • ACD Labs, Release 11.00, Product Version 11.02, Build 25941, May 21, 2008.
    • (2008)
  • 11
    • 80052832496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of traces of amorphous carvedilol content in carvedilol drug substance and drug product using modulated differential scanning colorimetry
    • Raut D.M., et al. Determination of traces of amorphous carvedilol content in carvedilol drug substance and drug product using modulated differential scanning colorimetry. Pharm. Lett. 2011, 3:1-12.
    • (2011) Pharm. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 1-12
    • Raut, D.M.1
  • 12
    • 84878170185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EP 1,655,285 A1
    • J. Hildesheim, et al., EP 1,655,285 A1, 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Hildesheim, J.1
  • 14
    • 84878201754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2009/0163721 A1
    • I. Kor, S. Wizel, US 2009/0163721 A1, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Kor, I.1    Wizel, S.2
  • 15
    • 84878180363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2009/0286991 A1
    • G.S. Ramanjaneyulu, et al., US 2009/0286991 A1, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Ramanjaneyulu, G.S.1
  • 16
    • 84878171706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2009/0326033 A1
    • J. Hildesheim, et al., US 2009/0326033 A1, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Hildesheim, J.1
  • 17
    • 84878182107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AU 2007200344 A1
    • J. Aronhime, et al., AU 2007200344 A1, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Aronhime, J.1
  • 18
    • 84878181568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2006/0030614 A1
    • J. Hildesheim, et al., US 2006/0030614 A1, 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Hildesheim, J.1
  • 19
    • 84878176405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 7,126,008 B2
    • J. Hildesheim, et al., US 7,126,008 B2, 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Hildesheim, J.1
  • 20
    • 84878212738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2006/0148878 A1
    • A.G. Bubendorf, et al., US 2006/0148878 A1, 2006.
    • (2006)
    • Bubendorf, A.G.1
  • 21
    • 84878182733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2004/0198812 A1
    • A.G. Bubendorf, et al., US 2004/0198812 A1, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Bubendorf, A.G.1
  • 22
    • 84878180273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WO 2005/021504 A2
    • R. Zupet, et al., WO 2005/021504 A2, 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Zupet, R.1
  • 23
  • 24
    • 33846989315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A second polymorph of carvedilol
    • Yathirajan H.S., et al. A second polymorph of carvedilol. Acta Cryst. 2007, E63:o542-o544.
    • (2007) Acta Cryst. , vol.E63
    • Yathirajan, H.S.1
  • 25
    • 79959938135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-(9H-Carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-{[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}-propan-2-ol hemihydrates: a carvedilol solvatomorph
    • Diaz F., et al. 1-(9H-Carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-{[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}-propan-2-ol hemihydrates: a carvedilol solvatomorph. Acta Cryst. 2011, C67:o222-o225.
    • (2011) Acta Cryst. , vol.C67
    • Diaz, F.1
  • 26
    • 3342891506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacophore fragment-based prediction and gas-phase ab initio optimization of carvedilol conformations
    • Almeida D.R.P., et al. Pharmacophore fragment-based prediction and gas-phase ab initio optimization of carvedilol conformations. J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108:6239-6247.
    • (2004) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.108 , pp. 6239-6247
    • Almeida, D.R.P.1
  • 27
    • 84962356055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the conformations of carvedilol based on its pharmacophore fragments: a gas phase and salvation ab initio and density functional study
    • Almeida D.R.P., et al. Predicting the conformations of carvedilol based on its pharmacophore fragments: a gas phase and salvation ab initio and density functional study. J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) 2003, 666-667:537-545.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) , pp. 537-545
    • Almeida, D.R.P.1
  • 28
    • 0041765847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas phase conformational basicity of carvedilol fragment B, 2(S)-1-(ethylammonium)propane-2-ol: an ab initio study on a protonophoretic of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling
    • Almeida D.R.P., et al. Gas phase conformational basicity of carvedilol fragment B, 2(S)-1-(ethylammonium)propane-2-ol: an ab initio study on a protonophoretic of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling. J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) 2003, 631:251-270.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Struct. (THEOCHEM) , vol.631 , pp. 251-270
    • Almeida, D.R.P.1
  • 29
    • 77949334257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal-chelating properties of carvedilol: an antihypertensive drug with antioxidant activity
    • Zoroddu M.A., et al. Metal-chelating properties of carvedilol: an antihypertensive drug with antioxidant activity. J. Coord. Chem. 2009, 62:3828-3836.
    • (2009) J. Coord. Chem. , vol.62 , pp. 3828-3836
    • Zoroddu, M.A.1
  • 30
    • 0038462064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol, a β adrenoceptor blocker with chelating properties. A copper " superdimer" based on dimetal units
    • Zoroddu M.A., et al. Carvedilol, a β adrenoceptor blocker with chelating properties. A copper " superdimer" based on dimetal units. J. Inorg. Biochim. 2003, 95:315-320.
    • (2003) J. Inorg. Biochim. , vol.95 , pp. 315-320
    • Zoroddu, M.A.1
  • 31
    • 61649084464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC and LC-MS evaluation of stress degradation behavior of carvedilol
    • Lanzanova F.A., et al. LC and LC-MS evaluation of stress degradation behavior of carvedilol. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. 2009, 32:526-543.
    • (2009) J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. , vol.32 , pp. 526-543
    • Lanzanova, F.A.1
  • 32
    • 79959202887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the degradation kinetics of carvedilol by use of a validated stability-indicating LC method
    • Rizwan M., et al. Study of the degradation kinetics of carvedilol by use of a validated stability-indicating LC method. Chromatographia 2009, 70:1283-1286.
    • (2009) Chromatographia , vol.70 , pp. 1283-1286
    • Rizwan, M.1
  • 33
    • 84878206740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Pharmacopoeia 35/National Formulary 30, Supplement 2, Carvedilol Monograph
    • United States Pharmacopoeia 35/National Formulary 30, Supplement 2, Carvedilol Monograph, 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 34
    • 84878211048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Pharmacopoeia 34/National Formulary 29, Carvedilol Tablets Monograph
    • United States Pharmacopoeia 34/National Formulary 29, Carvedilol Tablets Monograph, 2012.
    • (2012)
  • 35
    • 12344321764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential pulse voltammetric determination of carvedilol in tablets dosage form using glassy carbon electrode
    • Radi A., Elmogy T. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of carvedilol in tablets dosage form using glassy carbon electrode. IL Farmaco 2005, 60:43-46.
    • (2005) IL Farmaco , vol.60 , pp. 43-46
    • Radi, A.1    Elmogy, T.2
  • 36
    • 43649098095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow injection spectrofluorimetric determination of carvedilol mediated by micelles
    • Silva R.A., et al. Flow injection spectrofluorimetric determination of carvedilol mediated by micelles. Talanta 2008, 76:166-171.
    • (2008) Talanta , vol.76 , pp. 166-171
    • Silva, R.A.1
  • 37
    • 81255201375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltammetric behavior of carvedilol in non-aqueous media and its analytical determination in pharmaceutical preparations
    • Yilmaz B., Ekinci D. Voltammetric behavior of carvedilol in non-aqueous media and its analytical determination in pharmaceutical preparations. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2011, 30:187-193.
    • (2011) Rev. Anal. Chem. , vol.30 , pp. 187-193
    • Yilmaz, B.1    Ekinci, D.2
  • 38
    • 27744510753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemiluminometric determination of carvedilol in a multi-pumping flow system
    • Pires C.K., et al. Chemiluminometric determination of carvedilol in a multi-pumping flow system. Talanta 2005, 68:239-244.
    • (2005) Talanta , vol.68 , pp. 239-244
    • Pires, C.K.1
  • 39
    • 15044342074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on fluorescence property of carvedilol and determination of carvedilol by fluorimetry
    • Xu L.X., et al. Study on fluorescence property of carvedilol and determination of carvedilol by fluorimetry. Spectrochim. Acta A 2005, 61:855-859.
    • (2005) Spectrochim. Acta A , vol.61 , pp. 855-859
    • Xu, L.X.1
  • 40
    • 34347395786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extractive spectrophotometric method for determination of carvedilol in tablets
    • Verma J.K., Syed H.A. Extractive spectrophotometric method for determination of carvedilol in tablets. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2007, 69:303-304.
    • (2007) Indian J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 303-304
    • Verma, J.K.1    Syed, H.A.2
  • 41
    • 33846620483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrophotmetric determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations through charge-transfer and ion-pair complexation reactions
    • Cardosa S.G., et al. Spectrophotmetric determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations through charge-transfer and ion-pair complexation reactions. Pharmazie 2001, 62:34-37.
    • (2001) Pharmazie , vol.62 , pp. 34-37
    • Cardosa, S.G.1
  • 42
    • 33947358164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RP-HPTLC and HPTLC methods for the estimation of carvedilol in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations
    • Patel L.J., et al. RP-HPTLC and HPTLC methods for the estimation of carvedilol in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2006, 68:790-792.
    • (2006) Indian J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 790-792
    • Patel, L.J.1
  • 43
    • 27944471303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of carvedilol and its impurities in pharmaceuticals
    • Stojanovic J., et al. Determination of carvedilol and its impurities in pharmaceuticals. Chromatographia 2005, 62:539-542.
    • (2005) Chromatographia , vol.62 , pp. 539-542
    • Stojanovic, J.1
  • 44
    • 33846967127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of the photochemical stability of carvedilol and its degradation products by the RP-HPLC method
    • Stojanovic J., et al. Monitoring of the photochemical stability of carvedilol and its degradation products by the RP-HPLC method. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 2007, 72:37-44.
    • (2007) J. Serb. Chem. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 37-44
    • Stojanovic, J.1
  • 45
    • 84860012532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New validated RP-HPLC method for the estimation of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulation
    • Basaveswara R.M.V., et al. New validated RP-HPLC method for the estimation of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulation. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 4:353-358.
    • (2012) Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 353-358
    • Basaveswara, R.M.V.1
  • 46
    • 84878193934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Antidoping Program, , Accessed 23.10.2012.
    • World Antidoping Program, , Accessed 23.10.2012. http://www.wada-ama.org/Documents/World_Anti-Doping_Program/WADP-Prohibited-list/WADA_Prohibited_List_2010_EN.pdf.
  • 47
    • 84859270334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stir bar sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of carvedilol in human serum using two different polymeric phases and an ionic liquid as desorption solvent
    • Talebpour Z., et al. Stir bar sorptive extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of carvedilol in human serum using two different polymeric phases and an ionic liquid as desorption solvent. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1236:1-6.
    • (2012) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1236 , pp. 1-6
    • Talebpour, Z.1
  • 48
    • 79953141011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of drugs and flavonoids in human urine
    • Baranowska I., et al. Ultra HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of drugs and flavonoids in human urine. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 2011, 34:421-435.
    • (2011) J. Liq. Chromatogr. , vol.34 , pp. 421-435
    • Baranowska, I.1
  • 49
    • 81455143152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UHPLC method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, isoflavones and flavonoids in human urine
    • Baranowska I., et al. UHPLC method for the simultaneous determination of β-blockers, isoflavones and flavonoids in human urine. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2011, 49:764-773.
    • (2011) J. Chromatogr. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 764-773
    • Baranowska, I.1
  • 50
    • 77950371372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselective quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by HPLC in heavily medicated heart failure patients
    • Zakrzewski-Jakubiak M., et al. Enantioselective quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by HPLC in heavily medicated heart failure patients. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2010, 52:636-641.
    • (2010) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.52 , pp. 636-641
    • Zakrzewski-Jakubiak, M.1
  • 51
    • 58149462060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a sensitive, rapid and validated LC-MS-MS method for the determination of carvedilol in human plasma
    • Gomes N.A., et al. Application of a sensitive, rapid and validated LC-MS-MS method for the determination of carvedilol in human plasma. Chromatographia 2009, 69:19-25.
    • (2009) Chromatographia , vol.69 , pp. 19-25
    • Gomes, N.A.1
  • 52
    • 34247265005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achiral-chiral LC/LC-FLD coupling for determination of carvedilol in plasma samples for bioequivalence purposes
    • Medvedovici A., et al. Achiral-chiral LC/LC-FLD coupling for determination of carvedilol in plasma samples for bioequivalence purposes. J. Chromatogr. B 2007, 850:327-335.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.850 , pp. 327-335
    • Medvedovici, A.1
  • 53
    • 34047276117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection: application in pharmacokinetic studies
    • Zarghi A., et al. Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection: application in pharmacokinetic studies. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2007, 44:250-253.
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.44 , pp. 250-253
    • Zarghi, A.1
  • 54
    • 34648837954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of carvedilol in human plasma by using HPLC-fluorescence detector and its application to pharmacokinetic study
    • Rathod R., et al. Estimation of carvedilol in human plasma by using HPLC-fluorescence detector and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J. Chromatogr. B 2007, 857:219-223.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.857 , pp. 219-223
    • Rathod, R.1
  • 55
    • 33847331063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of ten antiarrhythmic drugs and a metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Li S., et al. Simultaneous determination of ten antiarrhythmic drugs and a metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2007, 847:174-181.
    • (2007) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.847 , pp. 174-181
    • Li, S.1
  • 56
    • 34247344012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New RP-HPLC Method with UV-detection for the determination of carvedilol in human serum
    • Gannu R., et al. New RP-HPLC Method with UV-detection for the determination of carvedilol in human serum. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. 2007, 30:1677-1685.
    • (2007) J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol. , vol.30 , pp. 1677-1685
    • Gannu, R.1
  • 57
    • 34249993546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of carvedilol in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
    • Won Jeong D., et al. Analysis of carvedilol in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2007, 44:547-552.
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.44 , pp. 547-552
    • Won Jeong, D.1
  • 58
    • 33749435943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselective and highly sensitive determination of carvedilol in human plasma and whole blood after administration of the racemate using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Saito M., et al. Enantioselective and highly sensitive determination of carvedilol in human plasma and whole blood after administration of the racemate using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B 2006, 843:73-77.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.843 , pp. 73-77
    • Saito, M.1
  • 59
    • 22244458560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric method for the determination of carvedilol and its metabolites in human urine
    • Myung S., Jo C.H. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric method for the determination of carvedilol and its metabolites in human urine. J. Chromatogr. B 2005, 822:70-77.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.822 , pp. 70-77
    • Myung, S.1    Jo, C.H.2
  • 60
    • 22244484070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry application to bioequivalence study
    • Carter do Carmo Borges N., et al. Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry application to bioequivalence study. J. Chromatogr. B 2005, 822:253-262.
    • (2005) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.822 , pp. 253-262
    • Carter do Carmo Borges, N.1
  • 61
    • 2942564418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography applying on-line deproteination and column switching
    • Lamprecht G., Stoschitzky K. Determination of carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography applying on-line deproteination and column switching. Chromatographia 2004, 59:551-554.
    • (2004) Chromatographia , vol.59 , pp. 551-554
    • Lamprecht, G.1    Stoschitzky, K.2
  • 62
    • 7444230364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective analysis of carvedilol in human plasma using HPLC/MS/MS after chiral derivatization
    • Yang E., et al. Stereoselective analysis of carvedilol in human plasma using HPLC/MS/MS after chiral derivatization. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2004, 36:609-615.
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.36 , pp. 609-615
    • Yang, E.1
  • 63
    • 0037989012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid chromatographic determination of carvedilol in human plasma
    • Ptacek P., et al. Liquid chromatographic determination of carvedilol in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 789:405-410.
    • (2003) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.789 , pp. 405-410
    • Ptacek, P.1
  • 64
    • 0345276755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of carvedilol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
    • Machida M., et al. Measurement of carvedilol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr. B 2003, 798:187-191.
    • (2003) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.798 , pp. 187-191
    • Machida, M.1
  • 65
    • 0036067685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselective analysis of (R)- and (S)-carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Lamprecht G., et al. Enantioselective analysis of (R)- and (S)-carvedilol in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographia 2002, 56:S25-S29.
    • (2002) Chromatographia , vol.56
    • Lamprecht, G.1
  • 66
    • 0034931052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HPLC quantification of carvedilol
    • Behn F., et al. HPLC quantification of carvedilol. Chromatographia 2001, 53:641-644.
    • (2001) Chromatographia , vol.53 , pp. 641-644
    • Behn, F.1
  • 67
    • 0035810755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of carvedilol enantiomers in very small volumes of human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence
    • Behn F., et al. Separation of carvedilol enantiomers in very small volumes of human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. J. Chromatogr. B 2001, 755:111-117.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.755 , pp. 111-117
    • Behn, F.1
  • 68
    • 0033941267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for screening β-blocking drugs in urine
    • Gergov M., et al. Automated liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for screening β-blocking drugs in urine. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35:912-918.
    • (2000) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.35 , pp. 912-918
    • Gergov, M.1
  • 69
    • 0042233484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol-a review of its use in chronic heart failure
    • Keating G.M., Jarvis B. Carvedilol-a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs 2003, 63:1697-1741.
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , pp. 1697-1741
    • Keating, G.M.1    Jarvis, B.2
  • 70
    • 0023132486 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacology of carvedilol in normal volunteers
    • Cubbedu L.X., et al. Clinical pharmacology of carvedilol in normal volunteers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1987, 41:31-44.
    • (1987) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.41 , pp. 31-44
    • Cubbedu, L.X.1
  • 71
    • 0023571649 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker
    • Möllendorf E.v., et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker. Eur. J. Clin. Pharamcol. 1987, 33:511-513.
    • (1987) Eur. J. Clin. Pharamcol. , vol.33 , pp. 511-513
    • Möllendorf, E.1
  • 72
    • 0023612138 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and disposition of carvedilol in humans
    • Neugbauer G., et al. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of carvedilol in humans. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1987, 10:S85-S88.
    • (1987) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. , vol.10
    • Neugbauer, G.1
  • 73
    • 16644378310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of carvedilol in human volunteers
    • Thi Phuong N., et al. Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of carvedilol in human volunteers. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2004, 27:973-977.
    • (2004) Arch. Pharm. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 973-977
    • Thi Phuong, N.1
  • 74
    • 34347233485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics of S(-)-Carvedilol in healthy volunteers after administration of the immediate-release (IR) and the new controlled-release (CR) dosage forms of the racemate
    • Othman A.A., et al. Population pharmacokinetics of S(-)-Carvedilol in healthy volunteers after administration of the immediate-release (IR) and the new controlled-release (CR) dosage forms of the racemate. AAPS J. 2007, 9:E208-E218.
    • (2007) AAPS J. , vol.9
    • Othman, A.A.1
  • 75
    • 0032957957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of carvedilol and its metabolites after single and multiple dose oral administration in patients with hypertension and renal insufficiency
    • Gehr T.W.B., et al. The pharmacokinetics of carvedilol and its metabolites after single and multiple dose oral administration in patients with hypertension and renal insufficiency. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1999, 55:269-277.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.55 , pp. 269-277
    • Gehr, T.W.B.1
  • 76
    • 33749134422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of controlled-release carvedilol and immediate-release carvedilol at steady state in patients with hypertension
    • Henderson L.S., et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of controlled-release carvedilol and immediate-release carvedilol at steady state in patients with hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006, 98:17L-26L.
    • (2006) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.98
    • Henderson, L.S.1
  • 77
    • 40549135032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics and dose simulation of carvedilol in paediatric patients with congestive heart failure
    • Albers S., et al. Population pharmacokinetics and dose simulation of carvedilol in paediatric patients with congestive heart failure. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007, 65:511-522.
    • (2007) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.65 , pp. 511-522
    • Albers, S.1
  • 78
    • 0033674550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steady-state pharmacokinetics of carvedilol and its enantiomers in patients with congestive heart failure
    • Tenero D., et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of carvedilol and its enantiomers in patients with congestive heart failure. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2000, 40:844-853.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.40 , pp. 844-853
    • Tenero, D.1
  • 79
    • 33749118663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic profile of controlled-release carvedilol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction associated with chronic heart failure or after myocardial infarction
    • Packer M., et al. Pharmacokinetic profile of controlled-release carvedilol in patients with left ventricular dysfunction associated with chronic heart failure or after myocardial infarction. Am. J. Cardiol. 2006, 98:39L-45L.
    • (2006) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.98
    • Packer, M.1
  • 80
    • 0025372087 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of carvedilol
    • Ruffolo R., et al. The pharmacology of carvedilol. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1990, 38:S82-S88.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.38
    • Ruffolo, R.1
  • 81
    • 0028271342 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carvedilol
    • Morgan T. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carvedilol. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1994, 26:335-346.
    • (1994) Clin. Pharmacokinet. , vol.26 , pp. 335-346
    • Morgan, T.1
  • 84
    • 0030848298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of R(+)- and S(-)-carvedilol
    • Oldham H.G., Clarke S.E. In vitro identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of R(+)- and S(-)-carvedilol. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1997, 25:970-977.
    • (1997) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.25 , pp. 970-977
    • Oldham, H.G.1    Clarke, S.E.2
  • 85
    • 0025300364 scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective disposition of carvedilol in man after intravenous and oral administration of the racemic compound
    • Neugbauer G., et al. Stereoselective disposition of carvedilol in man after intravenous and oral administration of the racemic compound. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1990, 38:S108-S111.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.38
    • Neugbauer, G.1
  • 86
    • 84878213088 scopus 로고
    • US 4,503,067
    • F. Wiedemann, et al., US 4,503,067, 1985.
    • (1985)
    • Wiedemann, F.1
  • 87
    • 84878212622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EP 1 741 700 A1
    • A. Kumar, et al., EP 1 741 700 A1, 2007.
    • (2007)
    • Kumar, A.1
  • 88
    • 84878193963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2008/0214833 A1
    • D.R. Shah, US 2008/0214833 A1, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Shah, D.R.1
  • 89
    • 84878208297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • , WO 2008/038301 A1
    • S. Suri, T. Kashyap, WO 2008/038301 A1, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Suri, S.1    Kashyap, T.2
  • 90
    • 84878173839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WO 2009/115902 A1
    • A. Modi, et al., WO 2009/115902 A1, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Modi, A.1
  • 91
    • 84878179207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US 2009/0176992 A1
    • S.J. Kim, et al., US 2009/0176992 A1, 2009.
    • (2009)
    • Kim, S.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.