Ovulation induction in the management of anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 373, Issue 1-2, 2013, Pages 77-82

  Balen, Adam H ^a  

^a SEACROFT HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anovulation; Clomiphene citrate; Gonadotropin therapy; Laparoscopic ovarian surgery; Metformin; PCOS

Indexed keywords

ANTIESTROGEN; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CLOMIFENE CITRATE; GONADOTROPIN; INSULIN SENSITIZING AGENT; LETROZOLE; METFORMIN; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; ROSIGLITAZONE; TROGLITAZONE;

ANOVULATION; CONCEPTION; DRUG USE; FEMALE INFERTILITY; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; IN VITRO OOCYTE MATURATION; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OVARY FOLLICLE; OVARY HYPERSTIMULATION; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; OVULATION INDUCTION; PREGNANCY RATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SUPEROVULATION;

ANOVULATION; AROMATASE INHIBITORS; CLOMIPHENE; FEMALE; GONADOTROPINS; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INFERTILITY, FEMALE; METFORMIN; OVULATION INDUCTION; POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME;

EID: 84878115806     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: 18728057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.008     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Ahlgren M., Källen B., Rannevik G. Outcome of pregnancy after clomiphene therapy. Acta Obstet. Gyn. Scan. 1976, 55(4):371-375.
2. Armar N.A., McGarrigle H.H.G., Honour J.W., Holownia P., Jacobs H.S., Lachelin G.C.L. Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in the management of anovulatory infertility in women with polycystic ovaries: endocrine changes and clinical outcome. Fertil. Steril. 1990, 53:45-49.
3. Balen A.H., Anderson R. Impact of obesity on female reproductive health: British fertility society, police and practice guidelines. Human Fertil. 2007, 10:195-206.
4. Balen A.H., Jacobs H.S. A prospective study comparing unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 1994, 62:921-925.
5. Balen A.H., Tan S.L., Jacobs H.S. Hypersecretion of Luteinising Hormone - a significant cause of subfertility and miscarriage. Brit. J. Obstet. Gynaec. 1993, 100:1082-1089.
6. Balen A.H., Conway G.S., Kaltsas G., Techatraisak K., Manning P.J., West C., Jacobs H.S. Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of the disorder in 1741 patients. Human Reprod. 1995, 8:2107-2111.
7. Bayram N., van Wely M., Kaaijk E.M., Bossuyt P.M.M., van der Veen F. Using an electrocautery strategy or recombinant FSH to induce ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004, 328:192-195.
8. Biljan M.M., Hemmings R., Brassard N. The outcome of 150 babies following the treatment with letrozole or letrozole and gonadotrophins. Fertil. Steril. 2005, 84. [O-231, Abstract 1033].
9. Brown J.B., Evans J.H., Adey F.D., Taft H.P., Townsend L. Factors involved in the induction of fertile ovulation with human gonadotropins. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Brit. Comm. 1969, 76:289-307.
10. Brown J., Farquhar C., Beck J., Boothroyd C., Hughes E. Clomiphene and anti-estrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2009, (4):CD002249.
11. Casper R.F., Mitwally M.F. Review: aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006, 91(3):760-771.
12. Cedergren M.I. Maternal morbid obesity and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Obstet. Gynecol. 2004, 103:219-224.
13. Clark A.M., Ledger W., Galletly C., Tomlinson L., Blaney F., Wang X., Norman R.J. Weight loss results in significant improvement in pregnancy and ovulation rates in anovulatory obese women. Human Reprod. 1995, 10:2705-2712.
14. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health. 2005. Pregnancy in Women with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in 2002-03, CEMACH, England, Wales and Northern Ireland. London.
15. Conway G.S. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Contemp. Rev. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1990, 2:34-39.
16. Costello M., Eden J. A systematic review of the reproductive system effects of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil. Steril. 2003, 79:1-9.
17. Daniell J.F., Miller N. Polycystic ovaries treated by laparoscopic laser vaporization. Fertil. Steril. 1989, 51:232-236.
18. Ehrmann D.A., Schneider D.J., Sobel B.E., Cavaghan M.K., Imperial J., Rosenfield R.L., Polonsky K.S. Troglitazone improves defects in insulin action, insulin secretion ovarian steroidogenesis and fibrinolysis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1997, 82:2108-2116.
19. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. 2003. Mono-ovulatory cycles: a key goal in profertility programmes. Human Reprod. Update 9, 263-274.
20. Farquhar C., Vandekerckhove P., Lilford R. Laparoscopic "drilling" by diathermy or laser for ovulation induction in anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2002, 1.
21. Fauser B.C., Donderwinkel P., Schoot D.C. The step-down principle in gonadotropin treatment and the role of GnRH analogues. Ballieres Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1993, 7:309-330.
22. Fleming R., Hopkinson Z., Wallace A., Greer I., Sattar N. Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 2002, 87:569-574.
23. Franks S., Stark J., Hardy K. Follicle dynamics and anovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reprod. Update 2008, 14:367-378.
24. Gjoannaess H. Polycystic ovarian syndrome treated by ovarian electrocautery through the laparoscope. Fertil. Steril. 1984, 41:20-25.
25. Grodstein F., Goldman M.B., Cramer D.W. Body mass index and ovulatory infertility. Epidemiology 1994, 5:247-250.
26. Hamilton-Fairley D., Kiddy D.S., Watson H., Sagle M., Franks S. Low-dose gonadotropin therapy for induction of ovulation in 100 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reprod. 1991, 6:1095-1099.
27. Hamilton-Fairley D., Kiddy D., Watson H., Paterson C., Franks S. Association of moderate obesity with poor pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with low dose gonadotropins. Brit. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1992, 99:128-131.
28. Hardiman P., Thomas M., Osgood V., Vlassopoulou V., Ginsburg J. Are estrogen assays essential for monitoring gonadotrophin stimulant therapy?. Gynecol. Endocrinol. 1990, 4:261-269.
29. Homburg R., Hendriks M.L., König T.E., Anderson R.A., Balen A.H., Brincat M., Child T., Davies M., D'Hooghe T., Martinez A., Rajkhowa M., Rueda-Saenz R., Hompes P., Lambalk C.B. Clomifene citrate or low-dose FSH for the first-line treatment of infertile women with anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective randomized multinational study. Human Reprod. 2012, 27:468-473.
30. Imani B., Eijkemans M.J., te Velde E.R., Habbema J.D., Fauser B.C. A nomogram to predict the probability of live birth after clomiphene citrate induction of ovulation in normogonadotropic oligoamenorrheic infertility. Fertil. Steril. 2002, 77:91-97.
31. Kiddy D.S., Hamilton-Fairley D., Bush A., Anyaoku V., Reed M.J., Franks S. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin. Endocrinol. 1992, 36:105-111.
32. Kousta E., White D.M., Franks S. Modern use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation. Human Reprod. Update 1997, 3:359-365.
33. Legro R.S., Barnhart H.X., Schlaff W.D., Carr B.R., Diamond M.P., Carson S.A., Steinkampf M.P., Coutifaris C., McGovern P.G., Cataldo N.A., Gosman G., Nestler J.E., Giudice L.C., Leppert P.C., Myers E.R. For the reproductive medicine network. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007, 356(6):551-566.
34. Why Mothers Die 2000-2002 2004, Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, London. G. Lewis (Ed.).
35. Linné Y. Effects of obesity on women's reproduction and complications during pregnancy. Obesity Rev. 2004, 5:137-143.
36. Lord J.M., Flight I.H., Norman R.J. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, d-cguro-inositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2003, 3:CD003053.
37. Lunenfeld B., Insler V. Classification of amenorrhoeic states and their treatment by ovulation induction. Clin. Endocrinol. 1974, 3:223-237.
38. Maciel G.A.R., Junior J.M.S., Motta E.L.A., Haida M.A., Lima G.R., Baracat E.C. Nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond better than obese women to treatment with metformin. Fertil. Steril. 2004, 81:355-360.
39. Moll E., Bossuyt P.M., Korevaar J.C., Lambalk C.B., van der Veen F. Effect of clomiphene citrate plus metformin and clomiphene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ 2006, 332(7556):1485.
40. Moran L.J., Hutchison S.K., Norman R.J., Teede H.J. Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2011, 16(2):CD007506.
41. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. 2004. Fertility Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems. A Clinical Guideline. RCOG Press, London.
42. Nugent D., Vandekerckhove P., Hughes E., Arnot M., Lilford R. Gonadotrophin therapy for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2000, (4):CD000410.
43. Radon P.A., McMahon M.J., Meyer W.R. Impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet. Gynecol. 1999, 94:194-197.
44. Shoham Z., Borenstein R., Lunenfeld B., Pariente C. Hormonal profiles following clomiphene citrate therapy in conception and nonconception cycles. Clin. Endocrinol. 1990, 33:271-278.
45. Tang T., Glanville J., Hayden C.J., White D., Barth J.H., Balen A.H. Combined life-style modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind multi-centre study. Human Reprod. 2006, 21:80-89.
46. Tang T., Glanville J., Barth J.H., Balen A.H. Metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing IVF. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Human Reprod. 2006, 6:1416-1425.
47. Tang T., Lord J.M., Norman R.J., Yasmin E., Balen A.H. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2010, (1):CD003053.
48. The Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. 2008. Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Human Reprod. 23, 462-477.
49. Tulandi T., Martin J., Al-Fadhli R., et al. Congenital malformations among 911 newborns conceived after infertility treatment with letrozole or clomiphene citrate. Fertil. Steril. 2006, 85:1761-1765.
50. Velazquez E.M., Mendoza S., Hamer T., Sosa F., Glueck C.J. Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenaemia and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy. Metabolism 1994, 43:647-654.
51. Webber L.J., Stubbs S., Stark J., Trew G.H., Margara R., Hardy K., Franks S. Formation and early development of follicles in the polycystic ovary. Lancet 2003, 362:1017-1021.
52. White D.M., Polson D.W., Kiddy D., Sagle P., Watson H., Gilling-Smith C., Hamilton-Fairley D., Franks S. Induction of ovulation with low-dose gonadotropins in polycystic ovary syndrome: an analysis of 109 pregnancies in 225 women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1996, 81:3821-3824.
53. Zaazdstra B.M., Seidell J.C., Van Noord P.A., et al. Fat and female fecundity: prospective study of effect of body fat distribution on conception rates. Brit. Med. J 1993, 306:484-487.