메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 357-379

Oilseed rape, bees and integrated pest management

Author keywords

Entomopathogenic fungi; Insecticides; Nectar; Pollen; Sub lethal effects

Indexed keywords


EID: 84878113168     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3983-5_14     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (21)

References (172)
  • 1
    • 33644771280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) vectored Beauveria bassiana in greenhouse sweet pepper
    • Al-mazra'awi MS, Shipp L, Broadbent B, Kevan PG (2006) Biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) vectored Beauveria bassiana in greenhouse sweet pepper. Biol Control 37: 89-97.
    • (2006) Biol Control , vol.37 , pp. 89-97
    • Al-Mazra'Awi, M.S.1    Shipp, L.2    Broadbent, B.3    Kevan, P.G.4
  • 2
    • 35648992013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment to honey bees: A scheme developed in France for non-sprayed systemic compounds
    • Alix A, Vergnet C (2007) Risk assessment to honey bees: A scheme developed in France for non-sprayed systemic compounds. Pest Manag Sci 63: 1069-1080.
    • (2007) Pest Manag Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1069-1080
    • Alix, A.1    Vergnet, C.2
  • 3
    • 0030479629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of some insect pathogens on the Africanized honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hym., Apidae)
    • Alves SB, Marchini LC, Pereira RM, Baumgratz LL (1996) Effects of some insect pathogens on the Africanized honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hym., Apidae). J Appl Entomol 120: 559-564.
    • (1996) J Appl Entomol , vol.120 , pp. 559-564
    • Alves, S.B.1    Marchini, L.C.2    Pereira, R.M.3    Baumgratz, L.L.4
  • 4
    • 35648971617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method
    • Aupinel P, Fortini D, Michaud B, Marolleau F, Tasei JN, Odoux JF (2007) Toxicity of dimethoate and fenoxycarb to honey bee brood (Apis mellifera), using a new in vitro standardized feeding method. Pest Manag Sci 63: 1090-1094.
    • (2007) Pest Manag Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1090-1094
    • Aupinel, P.1    Fortini, D.2    Michaud, B.3    Marolleau, F.4    Tasei, J.N.5    Odoux, J.F.6
  • 5
    • 35648946375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidents of bee poisoning with pesticides in the United Kingdom 1994-2003
    • Barnett EB, Charlton AJ, Fletcher MR (2007) Incidents of bee poisoning with pesticides in the United Kingdom, 1994-2003. Pest Manag Sci 63: 1051-1057.
    • (2007) Pest Manag Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1051-1057
    • Barnett, E.B.1    Charlton, A.J.2    Fletcher, M.R.3
  • 6
    • 0001795959 scopus 로고
    • The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea)
    • Batra LR, Batra SWT, Bohart GE (1973) The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea). Mycopathol Mycol Appl 49: 13-44.
    • (1973) Mycopathol Mycol Appl , vol.49 , pp. 13-44
    • Batra, L.R.1    Swt, B.2    Bohart, G.E.3
  • 7
    • 0000861366 scopus 로고
    • Environmental variation for outcrossing rate in rapeseed (Brassica napus)
    • Becker HC, Damgaard C, Karlsson B (1992) Environmental variation for outcrossing rate in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Theor Appl Genet 84: 303-306.
    • (1992) Theor Appl Genet , vol.84 , pp. 303-306
    • Becker, H.C.1    Damgaard, C.2    Karlsson, B.3
  • 8
    • 0347019539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus)
    • Beckie HJ, Warwick SI, Nair H, Séguin-Swartz G (2003) Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus). Ecol Appl 13: 1276-1294.
    • (2003) Ecol Appl , vol.13 , pp. 1276-1294
    • Beckie, H.J.1    Warwick, S.I.2    Nair, H.3    Séguin-Swartz, G.4
  • 9
    • 0032721009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiration in bumblebee queens: Effect of life phase on the discontinuous ventilation cycle
    • Beekman M, van Stratum P (1999) Respiration in bumblebee queens: Effect of life phase on the discontinuous ventilation cycle. Ent Exp Appl 92: 295-298.
    • (1999) Ent Exp Appl , vol.92 , pp. 295-298
    • Beekman, M.1    Van Stratum, P.2
  • 10
    • 0031831724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phenology of gender in homogamous flowers: Temporal change in the residual sex function of flowers of oilseed rape Brassica napus
    • Bell SA, Cresswell JE (1998) The phenology of gender in homogamous flowers: Temporal change in the residual sex function of flowers of oilseed rape Brassica napus. Funct Ecol 12: 298-306.
    • (1998) Funct Ecol , vol.12 , pp. 298-306
    • Bell, S.A.1    Cresswell, J.E.2
  • 11
    • 0000673474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effects of pyrethrinoid insecticides and azole fungicides on honeybee thermoregulation
    • Belzunces LP, Pelissier C, Lewis GB (eds, INRA, France
    • Belzunces LP, Vandame R, Xingfa Gu (2001) Joint effects of pyrethrinoid insecticides and azole fungicides on honeybee thermoregulation. In: Belzunces LP, Pelissier C, Lewis GB (eds.) Hazards of pesticides to bees. INRA, France.
    • (2001) Hazards of Pesticides to Bees
    • Belzunces, L.P.1    Vandame, R.2    Gu, X.3
  • 12
    • 0037377128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farmland biodiversity: Is habitat heterogeneity the key?
    • Benton TG, Vickery JA, Wilson JD (2003) Farmland biodiversity: Is habitat heterogeneity the key? Trends Ecol Evol 18(4): 182-188.
    • (2003) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 182-188
    • Benton, T.G.1    Vickery, J.A.2    Wilson, J.D.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0031674284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honey bee-mediated infection of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) by the insect-pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae
    • Butt TM, Carreck NL, Ibrahim L, Williams IH (1998) Honey bee-mediated infection of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) by the insect-pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Biocontrol Sci Techn 8: 533-538.
    • (1998) Biocontrol Sci Techn , vol.8 , pp. 533-538
    • Butt, T.M.1    Carreck, N.L.2    Ibrahim, L.3    Williams, I.H.4
  • 16
    • 0028162005 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenicity of the entomogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against crucifer pests and the honey bee
    • Butt TM, Ibrahim L, Ball BV, Clark SJ (1994) Pathogenicity of the entomogenous fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against crucifer pests and the honey bee. Biocontrol Sci Techn 4: 207-214.
    • (1994) Biocontrol Sci Techn , vol.4 , pp. 207-214
    • Butt, T.M.1    Ibrahim, L.2    Ball, B.V.3    Clark, S.J.4
  • 18
    • 0031511014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The movement of honey bee colonies for crop pollination and honey production by beekeepers in Great Britain
    • Carreck NL, Williams IH, Little DJ (1997) The movement of honey bee colonies for crop pollination and honey production by beekeepers in Great Britain. Bee World 78: 67-77.
    • (1997) Bee World , vol.78 , pp. 67-77
    • Carreck, N.L.1    Williams, I.H.2    Little, D.J.3
  • 19
    • 0036850982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory water loss in insects
    • Chown SL (2002) Respiratory water loss in insects. Comp Biochem Phys A 133: 791-804.
    • (2002) Comp Biochem Phys A , vol.133 , pp. 791-804
    • Chown, S.L.1
  • 21
    • 0141924351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are honey bees' foraging preferences affected by pollen amino acid composition?
    • Cook SM, Awmack CS, Murray DA, Williams IH (2003) Are honey bees' foraging preferences affected by pollen amino acid composition? Ecol Entomol 28: 622-627.
    • (2003) Ecol Entomol , vol.28 , pp. 622-627
    • Cook, S.M.1    Awmack, C.S.2    Murray, D.A.3    Williams, I.H.4
  • 22
    • 33646698844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploitation of host plant preferences in pest management strategies for oilseed rape (Brassica napus)
    • Cook SM, Smart LE, Martin JL, Murray DA, Watts NP, Williams IH (2006) Exploitation of host plant preferences in pest management strategies for oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Entomol Exp Appl 119: 221-229.
    • (2006) Entomol Exp Appl , vol.119 , pp. 221-229
    • Cook, S.M.1    Smart, L.E.2    Martin, J.L.3    Murray, D.A.4    Watts, N.P.5    Williams, I.H.6
  • 23
    • 0001897794 scopus 로고
    • Bees and the pollination of crops and wild flowers in the European community
    • Corbet SA, Williams IH, Osborne JL (1991) Bees and the pollination of crops and wild flowers in the European community. Bee World 72: 47-59.
    • (1991) Bee World , vol.72 , pp. 47-59
    • Corbet, S.A.1    Williams, I.H.2    Osborne, J.L.3
  • 26
    • 0000703195 scopus 로고
    • Effects of permethrin on the behaviour of individually tagged honey bees, Apis mellifera L.(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Cox RL, Wilson WT (1984) Effects of permethrin on the behaviour of individually tagged honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Environ Entomol 13: 375-378.
    • (1984) Environ Entomol , vol.13 , pp. 375-378
    • Cox, R.L.1    Wilson, W.T.2
  • 28
    • 0036744202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of pollinator-mediated gene flow between plant populations with numerical solutions for bumblebees pollinating oilseed rape
    • Cresswell JE, Osborne L, Bell SA (2002) A model of pollinator-mediated gene flow between plant populations with numerical solutions for bumblebees pollinating oilseed rape. Oikos 98: 375-384.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 375-384
    • Cresswell, J.E.1    Osborne, L.2    Bell, S.A.3
  • 29
    • 34250727557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to clothianidin seed-treated canola has no long-term impact o honey bees
    • Cutler GC, Scott-Dupree CD (2007) Exposure to clothianidin seed-treated canola has no long-term impact o honey bees. Ecotoxicology 100: 765-772.
    • (2007) Ecotoxicology , vol.100 , pp. 765-772
    • Cutler, G.C.1    Scott-Dupree, C.D.2
  • 30
    • 0037879039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature growth interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with potential for control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Mesostigmata), using a nonlinear model of poikilotherm development
    • Davidson G, Phelps K, Sunderland KD, Pell JK, Ball BV, Shaw K, Chandler D (2003) Temperature growth interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with potential for control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Mesostigmata), using a nonlinear model of poikilotherm development. J Appl Microbiol 94: 816-825.
    • (2003) J Appl Microbiol , vol.94 , pp. 816-825
    • Davidson, G.1    Phelps, K.2    Sunderland, K.D.3    Pell, J.K.4    Ball, B.V.5    Shaw, K.6    Chandler, D.7
  • 31
    • 0028191061 scopus 로고
    • Floral nectar secretion and ploidy in Brassica rapa and B. napus (Brassicaceae) I. Nectar size and nectar carbohydrate production and composition
    • Davis AR, Sawhney VK, Fowke LC, Low NH (1994) Floral nectar secretion and ploidy in Brassica rapa and B. napus (Brassicaceae). I. Nectar size and nectar carbohydrate production and composition. Apidologie 25: 602-614.
    • (1994) Apidologie , vol.25 , pp. 602-614
    • Davis, A.R.1    Sawhney, V.K.2    Fowke, L.C.3    Low, N.H.4
  • 32
    • 0012175570 scopus 로고
    • The nutrient composition of honey bee-collected pollen in Otago. New Zealand
    • Day S, Beyer R, Mercer A, Ogden S (1990) The nutrient composition of honey bee-collected pollen in Otago. New Zealand. J Apic Res 29: 138-146.
    • (1990) J Apic Res , vol.29 , pp. 138-146
    • Day, S.1    Beyer, R.2    Mercer, A.3    Ogden, S.4
  • 33
    • 12244304862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning performances of honeybees (Apis mellifera L) are differentially affected by imidacloprid according to the season
    • Decourtye A, Lacassie E, Pham-Delègue MH (2003) Learning performances of honeybees (Apis mellifera L) are differentially affected by imidacloprid according to the season. Pest Manag Sci 59: 269-278.
    • (2003) Pest Manag Sci , vol.59 , pp. 269-278
    • Decourtye, A.1    Lacassie, E.2    Pham-Delègue, M.H.3
  • 36
    • 42949086337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and landscape effects on cross-pollination rates observed at long distance among French oilseed rape Brassica napus commercial fields
    • Devaux C, Klein EK, Lavigne C, Sausse C, Messéan A (2008) Environmental and landscape effects on cross-pollination rates observed at long distance among French oilseed rape Brassica napus commercial fields. J Appl Ecol 45: 803-812.
    • (2008) J Appl Ecol , vol.45 , pp. 803-812
    • Devaux, C.1    Klein, E.K.2    Lavigne, C.3    Sausse, C.4    Messéan, A.5
  • 37
    • 0038074411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety evaluation, persistence and bioefficacy of Imidacloprid and beta cyfluthrin on okra, Part II
    • Dikshit AK, Lal OP, Sinha SR, Srivastava YN (2002) Safety evaluation, persistence and bioefficacy of Imidacloprid and beta cyfluthrin on okra. Part II. Pestology 26: 30-37.
    • (2002) Pestology , vol.26 , pp. 30-37
    • Dikshit, A.K.1    Lal, O.P.2    Sinha, S.R.3    Srivastava, Y.N.4
  • 38
    • 0036203359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel case of a tenebrionid beetle using discontinuous gas exchange cycle when dehydrated
    • Duncan FD, Krasnov B, McMaster M (2002) Novel case of a tenebrionid beetle using discontinuous gas exchange cycle when dehydrated. Physiol Entomol 27: 79-83.
    • (2002) Physiol Entomol , vol.27 , pp. 79-83
    • Duncan, F.D.1    Krasnov, B.2    McMaster, M.3
  • 39
    • 84974271806 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Eisikowitch D (1981) Some aspects of pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agric Sci 96: 321-326.
    • (1981) J Agric Sci , vol.96 , pp. 321-326
    • Eisikowitch, D.1
  • 40
    • 84900907105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eurostat
    • Eurostat (2009) http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
    • (2009)
  • 41
    • 33645775914 scopus 로고
    • Long term effects of systemic pesticides on honey bees
    • Ferguson F (1987) Long term effects of systemic pesticides on honey bees. Austr Beekeeper 89: 49-54.
    • (1987) Austr Beekeeper , vol.89 , pp. 49-54
    • Ferguson, F.1
  • 42
    • 0342973402 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the entomophilous pollination on the oilseed rape production (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera)
    • Frediani D, Pinzauti M, Caterini B (1987) Influence of the entomophilous pollination on the oilseed rape production (Brassica napus L. spp. oleifera). Apicoltura 3: 63-73.
    • (1987) Apicoltura , vol.3 , pp. 63-73
    • Frediani, D.1    Pinzauti, M.2    Caterini, B.3
  • 44
    • 0003128480 scopus 로고
    • The pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and the behaviour of bees on the crop
    • Free JB, Nuttall PM (1968) The pollination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and the behaviour of bees on the crop. J Agric Sci 71: 91-94.
    • (1968) J Agric Sci , vol.71 , pp. 91-94
    • Free, J.B.1    Nuttall, P.M.2
  • 45
    • 0000188072 scopus 로고
    • The transport of pollen on the body hair of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus spp. L.)
    • Free JB, Williams IH (1972) The transport of pollen on the body hair of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) and bumblebees (Bombus spp. L.). J Appl Ecol 9: 609-615.
    • (1972) J Appl Ecol , vol.9 , pp. 609-615
    • Free, J.B.1    Williams, I.H.2
  • 46
    • 33751169353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insect pollinated plants benefit from organic farming
    • Gabriel D, Tscharntke T (2007) Insect pollinated plants benefit from organic farming. Agr Ecosyst Environ 118: 43-48.
    • (2007) Agr Ecosyst Environ , vol.118 , pp. 43-48
    • Gabriel, D.1    Tscharntke, T.2
  • 47
    • 0036674347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hazards of insecticides to the bumble bees Bombus impa-tiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foraging on flowering white clover in turf
    • Gels JE, Held DW, Potter DA (2002) Hazards of insecticides to the bumble bees Bombus impa-tiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foraging on flowering white clover in turf. J Econ Entomol 95: 722-728.
    • (2002) J Econ Entomol , vol.95 , pp. 722-728
    • Gels, J.E.1    Held, D.W.2    Potter, D.A.3
  • 48
    • 84981625098 scopus 로고
    • The mode of action of insecticides: Accelerated water loss and reduced respiration in insecticide-treated Musca domestica L
    • Gerolt P (1976) The mode of action of insecticides: Accelerated water loss and reduced respiration in insecticide-treated Musca domestica L. Pestic Sci 7: 604-620.
    • (1976) Pestic Sci , vol.7 , pp. 604-620
    • Gerolt, P.1
  • 49
    • 0021059906 scopus 로고
    • Insecticides: Their route to entry, mechanisms of transport and mode of action
    • Gerolt P (1983) Insecticides: Their route to entry, mechanisms of transport and mode of action. Biol Rev 58: 233-274.
    • (1983) Biol Rev , vol.58 , pp. 233-274
    • Gerolt, P.1
  • 50
    • 6344254931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of discontinuous gas exchange in insects: The chtonic hypothesis does not hold water
    • Gibbs AG, Johnson RA (2004) The role of discontinuous gas exchange in insects: The chtonic hypothesis does not hold water. J Exp Biol 207: 3477-3482.
    • (2004) J Exp Biol , vol.207 , pp. 3477-3482
    • Gibbs, A.G.1    Johnson, R.A.2
  • 52
    • 0034865712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of imida-cloprid on habituation in 7-and 8-day-old honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • Guez D, Suchail S, Gauthier M, Maleszka R, Belzunces LP (2001) Contrasting effects of imida-cloprid on habituation in 7-and 8-day-old honeybees (Apis mellifera). Neurobiol Learn Mem 76: 183-191.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Learn Mem , vol.76 , pp. 183-191
    • Guez, D.1    Suchail, S.2    Gauthier, M.3    Maleszka, R.4    Belzunces, L.P.5
  • 53
    • 0034493524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen flow between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus is the cause of multiple-resistant B. napus volunteers
    • Hall L, Topinka K, Huffman J, Davis L, Good A (2000) Pollen flow between herbicide-resistant Brassica napus is the cause of multiple-resistant B. napus volunteers. Weed Sci 48: 688-694.
    • (2000) Weed Sci , vol.48 , pp. 688-694
    • Hall, L.1    Topinka, K.2    Huffman, J.3    Davis, L.4    Good, A.5
  • 54
    • 0040036270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calorimetric investigations of insect metabolism and development under the influence of a toxic plant extract
    • Harak M, Lamprecht I, Kuusik A, Hiiesaar K, Metspalu L, Tartes U (1999) Calorimetric investigations of insect metabolism and development under the influence of a toxic plant extract. Thermochim Acta 333: 39-48.
    • (1999) Thermochim Acta , vol.333 , pp. 39-48
    • Harak, M.1    Lamprecht, I.2    Kuusik, A.3    Hiiesaar, K.4    Metspalu, L.5    Tartes, U.6
  • 55
    • 0344483623 scopus 로고
    • Ueber den Einfluss verschiedener Nährstoffe auf Blütenansatz, Nektarsekretion und Samenertrag von honigenden Pflanzen, speziell von Sommerraps (Brassica napus L.)
    • Hasler A, Maurizio A (1950) Ueber den Einfluss verschiedener Nährstoffe auf Blütenansatz, Nektarsekretion und Samenertrag von honigenden Pflanzen, speziell von Sommerraps (Brassica napus L.). Schweiz Landw Mh 6: 201-211.
    • (1950) Schweiz Landw Mh , vol.6 , pp. 201-211
    • Hasler, A.1    Maurizio, A.2
  • 56
    • 0023773817 scopus 로고
    • Sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on insect behaviour
    • Haynes KF (1988) Sublethal effects of neurotoxic insecticides on insect behaviour. Annu Rev Entomol 33: 149-168.
    • (1988) Annu Rev Entomol , vol.33 , pp. 149-168
    • Haynes, K.F.1
  • 57
    • 0000959941 scopus 로고
    • Honey bee nutrition
    • Graham JM (ed.), Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, USA
    • Herbert EW (1992) Honey bee nutrition. In: Graham JM (ed.) The hive and the honey bee. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, USA.
    • (1992) The Hive and the Honey Bee
    • Herbert, E.W.1
  • 58
    • 13444306485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insects breathe discontinuously to avoid oxygen toxicity
    • Hetz SK, Bradley TJ (2005) Insects breathe discontinuously to avoid oxygen toxicity. Nature 433: 516-519.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.433 , pp. 516-519
    • Hetz, S.K.1    Bradley, T.J.2
  • 60
    • 0031872637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of brood on the pollen consumption of worker bees (Apis mellifera L.)
    • Hrassnigg N, Crailsheim K (1998) The influence of brood on the pollen consumption of worker bees (Apis mellifera L.). J Insect Physiol 44: 393-404.
    • (1998) J Insect Physiol , vol.44 , pp. 393-404
    • Hrassnigg, N.1    Crailsheim, K.2
  • 61
    • 0034872127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus and its parasitoids Phradis morionellus and Diospilus capito
    • Husberg G-B, Hokkanen HMT (2000) Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus and its parasitoids Phradis morionellus and Diospilus capito. Biocontrol 46: 261-273.
    • (2000) Biocontrol , vol.46 , pp. 261-273
    • Husberg, G.-B.1    Hmt, H.2
  • 62
    • 0032846858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent, time-dose-effect model for pesticide effects on growing, herbivorous arthropods: Bioassays with dimethoate and cypermethrin
    • Jagers op Akkerhuis GAJM, Kjær C, Damgaard C, Elmegaard N (1999b) Temperature-dependent, time-dose-effect model for pesticide effects on growing, herbivorous arthropods: Bioassays with dimethoate and cypermethrin. Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 2370-2378.
    • (1999) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.18 , pp. 2370-2378
    • Op Akkerhuis Gajm, J.1    Kjær, C.2    Damgaard, C.3    Elmegaard, N.4
  • 63
    • 0033066162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we analysing knockdown in the right way? How independence of the knockdown-recovery process from mortality may affect measures for behavioural effects in pesticide bioassays
    • Jagers op Akkerhuis GAJM, Seidelin N, Kjaer C (1999a) Are we analysing knockdown in the right way? How independence of the knockdown-recovery process from mortality may affect measures for behavioural effects in pesticide bioassays. Pestic Sci 55: 62-68.
    • (1999) Pestic Sci , vol.55 , pp. 62-68
    • Op Akkerhuis Gajm, J.1    Seidelin, N.2    Kjaer, C.3
  • 64
    • 0029170099 scopus 로고
    • Water balance, respiration and immobilisation in relation to deltamethrin poisoning and physical conditions in the epigeal spider Oedothorax apicatus
    • Jagers op Akkerhuis GAJM, Westerhof R, Straalen NMvan, Koeman JH (1995) Water balance, respiration and immobilisation in relation to deltamethrin poisoning and physical conditions in the epigeal spider Oedothorax apicatus. Pestic Sci 44: 123-130.
    • (1995) Pestic Sci , vol.44 , pp. 123-130
    • Op Akkerhuis Gajm, J.1    Westerhof, R.2    Nmvan, S.3    Koeman, J.H.4
  • 65
    • 0001886273 scopus 로고
    • Effect on honey bees of nectar from systemic insecticides treated plants
    • Jaycox E (1964) Effect on honey bees of nectar from systemic insecticides treated plants. J Econ Entomol 57: 31-35.
    • (1964) J Econ Entomol , vol.57 , pp. 31-35
    • Jaycox, E.1
  • 67
    • 38349091685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Neem EC on gas exchange, tracheal ventilation, and water loss in diapausing pupae of Pieris brassicae
    • Jõgar K, Kuusik A, Metspalu L, Hiiesaar K, Grishakova M, Luik A (2008) Effects of Neem EC on gas exchange, tracheal ventilation, and water loss in diapausing pupae of Pieris brassicae. Ent Exp Appl 2: 165-173.
    • (2008) Ent Exp Appl , vol.2 , pp. 165-173
    • Jõgar, K.1    Kuusik, A.2    Metspalu, L.3    Hiiesaar, K.4    Grishakova, M.5    Luik, A.6
  • 68
    • 0141975762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field trials using the fungal pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) to control the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies
    • Kanga LHB, Jones WA, James RR (2003) Field trials using the fungal pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes: Hyphomycetes) to control the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. J Econ Entomol 96: 1091-1099.
    • (2003) J Econ Entomol , vol.96 , pp. 1091-1099
    • Lhb, K.1    Jones, W.A.2    James, R.R.3
  • 72
    • 35648940800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of alpha-cypermethrin on honey bees foraging on spring oilseed rape Brassica napus flowers in field conditions
    • Karise R, Viik E, Mänd M (2007) Impact of alpha-cypermethrin on honey bees foraging on spring oilseed rape Brassica napus flowers in field conditions. Pest Manag Sci 63: 1085-1089.
    • (2007) Pest Manag Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1085-1089
    • Karise, R.1    Viik, E.2    Mänd, M.3
  • 73
    • 0025845502 scopus 로고
    • 2 release as a physiological stress indicator in insects
    • 2 release as a physiological stress indicator in insects. Comp Biochem Phys C 100: 207-211.
    • (1991) Comp Biochem Phys C , vol.100 , pp. 207-211
    • Kestler, P.1
  • 74
    • 0002428535 scopus 로고
    • The effect of insect pollination on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. OAC Triton) seed germination
    • Kevan PG, Eisikowitch D (1990) The effect of insect pollination on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. OAC Triton) seed germination. Euphytica 45: 33-41.
    • (1990) Euphytica , vol.45 , pp. 33-41
    • Kevan, P.G.1    Eisikowitch, D.2
  • 75
    • 0038027254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fruit set of highland coffee increases with the diversity of pollinating bees
    • Klein AM, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T (2003) Fruit set of highland coffee increases with the diversity of pollinating bees. Proc R Soc B 270: 955-961.
    • (2003) Proc R Soc B , vol.270 , pp. 955-961
    • Klein, A.M.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 79
    • 7044223166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The area requirements on an ecosystem service: Crop pollination by native bee communities in California
    • Kremen C, Williams NM, Bugg RL, Fay JP, Thorp RW (2004) The area requirements on an ecosystem service: Crop pollination by native bee communities in California. Ecol Lett 7: 1109-1119.
    • (2004) Ecol Lett , vol.7 , pp. 1109-1119
    • Kremen, C.1    Williams, N.M.2    Bugg, R.L.3    Fay, J.P.4    Thorp, R.W.5
  • 80
    • 84900962896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects and limits of botanical insecticides in organic farming
    • Kühne S (2008) Prospects and limits of botanical insecticides in organic farming. Agronomski Glasnik 4: 377-382.
    • (2008) Agronomski Glasnik , vol.4 , pp. 377-382
    • Kühne, S.1
  • 81
    • 0347063710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to feed individual bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) known amounts of pesticides
    • Ladurner E, Bosch J, Maini S, Kemp WP (2003) A method to feed individual bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) known amounts of pesticides. Apidologie 34: 597-602.
    • (2003) Apidologie , vol.34 , pp. 597-602
    • Ladurner, E.1    Bosch, J.2    Maini, S.3    Kemp, W.P.4
  • 82
    • 0013869583 scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous respiration in insects. 2. The direct measurement and significance of changes in tracheal gas composition during the respiratory cycle of silkworm pupae
    • Levy RI, Schneiderman HA (1966) Discontinuous respiration in insects. 2. The direct measurement and significance of changes in tracheal gas composition during the respiratory cycle of silkworm pupae. J Insect Physiol 12: 83-104.
    • (1966) J Insect Physiol , vol.12 , pp. 83-104
    • Levy, R.I.1    Schneiderman, H.A.2
  • 83
    • 0000804666 scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous ventilation in terrestrial insects
    • Lighton JRB (1994) Discontinuous ventilation in terrestrial insects. Physiol Zool 67: 142-162.
    • (1994) Physiol Zool , vol.67 , pp. 142-162
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1
  • 84
    • 0029687880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous gas exchange in insects
    • Lighton JRB (1996) Discontinuous gas exchange in insects. Annu Rev Entomol 41: 309-324.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Entomol , vol.41 , pp. 309-324
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1
  • 85
    • 22044450338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes from the underground: Towards ultimate hypotheses of cyclic, discontinuous gas-exchange in tracheate arthropods
    • Lighton JRB (1998) Notes from the underground: Towards ultimate hypotheses of cyclic, discontinuous gas-exchange in tracheate arthropods. Am Zool 38: 483-491.
    • (1998) Am Zool , vol.38 , pp. 483-491
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1
  • 86
    • 34547935800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why insects evolved discontinuous gas exchange
    • Lighton JRB (2007) Why insects evolved discontinuous gas exchange. Curr Biol 17: 645-647.
    • (2007) Curr Biol , vol.17 , pp. 645-647
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1
  • 87
    • 0025222768 scopus 로고
    • A temperature-induced switch from diffusive to convective ventilation in the honeybee
    • Lighton JRB, Lovegrove BGL (1990) A temperature-induced switch from diffusive to convective ventilation in the honeybee. J Exp Biol 154: 509-516.
    • (1990) J Exp Biol , vol.154 , pp. 509-516
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1    Bgl, L.2
  • 88
    • 11444260283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hyperoxic switch: Assessing respiratory water loss rates in tracheate arthropods with continuous gas exchange
    • Lighton JRB, Schilman PE, Holway DA (2004) The hyperoxic switch: Assessing respiratory water loss rates in tracheate arthropods with continuous gas exchange. J Exp Biol 207: 4463-4471.
    • (2004) J Exp Biol , vol.207 , pp. 4463-4471
    • Lighton, J.R.B.1    Schilman, P.E.2    Holway, D.A.3
  • 89
    • 33847232603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of three mitosporic fungi for the control of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman
    • Ljubiana, Slovenia
    • Lodesani M, Costa C, Nipoti P, Prodi A (2003) Use of three mitosporic fungi for the control of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman. Proc XXXVIIth Int Apic Cong, Ljubiana, Slovenia, pp 422-423.
    • (2003) Proc XXXVIIth Int Apic Cong , pp. 422-423
    • Lodesani, M.1    Costa, C.2    Nipoti, P.3    Prodi, A.4
  • 90
    • 0347660558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of standard metabolic rate and gas exchange characteristics in a highly variable cockroach, Perisphaeria sp
    • Marais E, Chown SL (2003) Repeatability of standard metabolic rate and gas exchange characteristics in a highly variable cockroach, Perisphaeria sp. J Exp Biol 206: 4565-4574.
    • (2003) J Exp Biol , vol.206 , pp. 4565-4574
    • Marais, E.1    Chown, S.L.2
  • 91
    • 0007040527 scopus 로고
    • The floral secretion in male-sterile cybrid of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
    • Mesquida J, Pham-Delegue MH, Marilleau R, le Metayer M, Renard M (1991) The floral secretion in male-sterile cybrid of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Agronomie 11: 217-227 (in French).
    • (1991) Agronomie , vol.11 , pp. 217-227
    • Mesquida, J.1    Pham-Delegue, M.H.2    Marilleau, R.3    Le Metayer, M.4    Renard, M.5
  • 92
    • 84900924191 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary results on the pollination of male sterile winter rape and methods for production of hybrid seed
    • Mesquida J, Renard M (1979) Preliminary results on the pollination of male sterile winter rape and methods for production of hybrid seed. Bull Inf Tech CETIOM 65: 3-14.
    • (1979) Bull Inf Tech CETIOM , vol.65 , pp. 3-14
    • Mesquida, J.1    Renard, M.2
  • 93
    • 0000701091 scopus 로고
    • Pollinisation du colza d'hiver mâle-fertile et mâle-sterile (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger) par i'abeille domestique (Apis m. mellifera L.) Effects sur la phenologie et le rendement
    • Mesquida J, Renard M (1981) Pollinisation du colza d'hiver mâle-fertile et mâle-sterile (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger) par i'abeille domestique (Apis m. mellifera L.) Effects sur la phenologie et le rendement. Apidologie 12: 345-362.
    • (1981) Apidologie , vol.12 , pp. 345-362
    • Mesquida, J.1    Renard, M.2
  • 94
    • 0001047830 scopus 로고
    • Etude de la dispersion du pollen par le vent et de l'importance de la pollinisation anemophilie chez le colza (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger)
    • Mesquida J, Renard M (1982) Etude de la dispersion du pollen par le vent et de l'importance de la pollinisation anemophilie chez le colza (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzger). Apidologie 13: 353-367.
    • (1982) Apidologie , vol.13 , pp. 353-367
    • Mesquida, J.1    Renard, M.2
  • 95
    • 0002430118 scopus 로고
    • Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity: The effect of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and different pollination conditions in cage and field tests
    • Mesquida J, Renard M, Pierre JS (1988) Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity: The effect of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and different pollination conditions in cage and field tests. Apidologie 19: 51-72.
    • (1988) Apidologie , vol.19 , pp. 51-72
    • Mesquida, J.1    Renard, M.2    Pierre, J.S.3
  • 96
    • 0007041112 scopus 로고
    • The foraging behaviour of honeybee on rape
    • Meyerhoff G (1958) The foraging behaviour of honeybee on rape. Leipzig Bienenztg 72: 164-165 (in German).
    • (1958) Leipzig Bienenztg , vol.72 , pp. 164-165
    • Meyerhoff, G.1
  • 97
    • 0043270385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to pellitorine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae)
    • Miranda JE, Navickiene HMD, Nogueira-Couto RH, De Bortoli SA, Kato MJ, Bolzani VdaS, Furlan M (2003) Susceptibility of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to pellitorine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae). Apidologie 34: 409-415.
    • (2003) Apidologie , vol.34 , pp. 409-415
    • Miranda, J.E.1    Hmd, N.2    Nogueira-Couto, R.H.3    De Bortoli, S.A.4    Kato, M.J.5    Vdas, B.6    Furlan, M.7
  • 98
    • 0342539131 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cross pollination on yield and oil content of Brassica spp. and Eruca sativa with pollination efficiency of honeybees
    • Mishra RC, Kaushic HD (1992) Effect of cross pollination on yield and oil content of Brassica spp. and Eruca sativa with pollination efficiency of honeybees. Ann Entomol 10: 33-37.
    • (1992) Ann Entomol , vol.10 , pp. 33-37
    • Mishra, R.C.1    Kaushic, H.D.2
  • 99
    • 84900907092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxocity of ready-mix formulations of pyrethroids and ad-mixed insecticides on forager honey beem, Apis cerana indica Fabricius
    • Print ISSN: 0971-3573
    • Muranjan PN, Gandhale DN, Chaudhari CS, Patil BD, Pokharkar DS, Naik RL (2006) Toxocity of ready-mix formulations of pyrethroids and ad-mixed insecticides on forager honey bee, Apis cerana indica Fabricius. Ann Plant Prot Sci 14(1) Print ISSN: 0971-3573.
    • (2006) Ann Plant Prot Sci , vol.14 , Issue.1
    • Muranjan, P.N.1    Gandhale, D.N.2    Chaudhari, C.S.3    Patil, B.D.4    Pokharkar, D.S.5    Naik, R.L.6
  • 101
    • 33744467939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Mänd M, Kuusik A, Martin AJ, Williams IH, Luik A, Karise R, Metspalu L, Hiiesaar K (2006) Regular periods of abdominal contractions recorded from larvae of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Eur J Entomol 103: 319-322.
    • (2006) Eur J Entomol , vol.103 , pp. 319-322
    • Mänd, M.1    Kuusik, A.2    Martin, A.J.3    Williams, I.H.4    Luik, A.5    Karise, R.6    Metspalu, L.7    Hiiesaar, K.8
  • 102
    • 0036202874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumblebees in the agricultural landscape of Estonia
    • Mänd M, Mänd R, Williams IH (2002) Bumblebees in the agricultural landscape of Estonia. Agr Ecosyst Environ 89: 69-76.
    • (2002) Agr Ecosyst Environ , vol.89 , pp. 69-76
    • Mänd, M.1    Mänd, R.2    Williams, I.H.3
  • 103
    • 33846031565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semi-natural grasslands as population sources for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes
    • Öckinger E, Smith HG (2007) Semi-natural grasslands as population sources for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. J Appl Ecol 44: 50-59.
    • (2007) J Appl Ecol , vol.44 , pp. 50-59
    • Öckinger, E.1    Smith, H.G.2
  • 104
    • 0002667759 scopus 로고
    • Bees, pollination and habitat change in the European community
    • Osborne JL, Williams IH, Corbet SA (1991) Bees, pollination and habitat change in the European community. Bee World 72: 99-116.
    • (1991) Bee World , vol.72 , pp. 99-116
    • Osborne, J.L.1    Williams, I.H.2    Corbet, S.A.3
  • 105
    • 0242663540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dossier Gaucho
    • Pajot S (2001) Dossier Gaucho. Abielles et Fleurs 616: 160-165.
    • (2001) Abielles et Fleurs , vol.616 , pp. 160-165
    • Pajot, S.1
  • 106
    • 0001563260 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of honey bees for applying the biological control agent Gliocladium roseum to strawberry flowers to suppress B. cinerea
    • Peng G, Sutton JC, Kevan PG (1992) Effectiveness of honey bees for applying the biological control agent Gliocladium roseum to strawberry flowers to suppress B. cinerea. Can J Plant Pathol 14: 117-129.
    • (1992) Can J Plant Pathol , vol.14 , pp. 117-129
    • Peng, G.1    Sutton, J.C.2    Kevan, P.G.3
  • 107
    • 0031862701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nectar quality in open-pollinated, pol CMS hybrid and dominant SI hybrid oilseed summer rape
    • Pernal SF, Currie RW (1998) Nectar quality in open-pollinated, pol CMS hybrid and dominant SI hybrid oilseed summer rape. Can J Plant Sci 78: 79-89.
    • (1998) Can J Plant Sci , vol.78 , pp. 79-89
    • Pernal, S.F.1    Currie, R.W.2
  • 109
    • 0033370219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nectar secretion in winter oilseed rape, Brassica napus-quantitative and qualitative variability among 71 genotypes
    • Pierre J, Mesquida J, Marilleau R, Pham-Delegue MH, Renard M (1999) Nectar secretion in winter oilseed rape, Brassica napus-quantitative and qualitative variability among 71 genotypes. Plant Breed 118: 471-476.
    • (1999) Plant Breed , vol.118 , pp. 471-476
    • Pierre, J.1    Mesquida, J.2    Marilleau, R.3    Pham-Delegue, M.H.4    Renard, M.5
  • 110
    • 0033633764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oilseed rape grain yield productivity increase with hybrid varietal types: A first balance sheet with post registration tests in France and Europe
    • Pinochet X, Bertrand R (2000) Oilseed rape grain yield productivity increase with hybrid varietal types: A first balance sheet with post registration tests in France and Europe. OCL-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides 7: 11-16.
    • (2000) OCL-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides , vol.7 , pp. 11-16
    • Pinochet, X.1    Bertrand, R.2
  • 111
    • 33847189564 scopus 로고
    • Pollinator behaviour and activity in colonies of Apis mellifera in confined environments
    • Pinzauti M (1994) Pollinator behaviour and activity in colonies of Apis mellifera in confined environments. Ethol Ecol Evol 3: 101-106.
    • (1994) Ethol Ecol Evol , vol.3 , pp. 101-106
    • Pinzauti, M.1
  • 112
    • 0007126556 scopus 로고
    • The influence of pollination on the crop and the quality of the seed of winter rape
    • (in Ukrainian)
    • Radchenko TG (1964) The influence of pollination on the crop and the quality of the seed of winter rape. Bdzhil'nitstvo 1: 68-74 (in Ukrainian).
    • (1964) Bdzhil'Nitstvo , vol.1 , pp. 68-74
    • Radchenko, T.G.1
  • 113
    • 29244446780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Cry1Ab protoxin, deltamethrin and imidacloprid on the foraging activity and the learning performances of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a comparative approach
    • Ramirez-Romero R, Chaufaux J, Pham-Delègue MH (2005) Effects of Cry1Ab protoxin, deltamethrin and imidacloprid on the foraging activity and the learning performances of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a comparative approach. Apidologie 36: 601-611.
    • (2005) Apidologie , vol.36 , pp. 601-611
    • Ramirez-Romero, R.1    Chaufaux, J.2    Pham-Delègue, M.H.3
  • 115
    • 0002673399 scopus 로고
    • Nectar distributions, pollinator behaviour, and plant reproductive success
    • Hunter MD, Ohgushi T, Price RPW (eds.), Academic Press, London, UK
    • Rathcke BJ (1992) Nectar distributions, pollinator behaviour, and plant reproductive success. In: Hunter MD, Ohgushi T, Price RPW (eds.) The effect of Resource Distribution on Animal-Plant Interactions. Academic Press, London, UK.
    • (1992) The Effect of Resource Distribution on Animal-Plant Interactions
    • Rathcke, B.J.1
  • 116
    • 0034758074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of oilseed Brassica napus inbred lines based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism and its relation to hybrid performance
    • Riaz A, Li G, Quresh Z, Swati MS, Quiros CF (2001) Genetic diversity of oilseed Brassica napus inbred lines based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism and its relation to hybrid performance. Plant Breed 120: 411-415.
    • (2001) Plant Breed , vol.120 , pp. 411-415
    • Riaz, A.1    Li, G.2    Quresh, Z.3    Swati, M.S.4    Quiros, C.F.5
  • 117
    • 0037189297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields
    • Rieger M, Lamond M, Preston C, Powles SBN, Roush RT (2002) Pollen mediated movement of herbicide resistance between commercial canola fields. Science 296: 2386-2388.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 2386-2388
    • Rieger, M.1    Lamond, M.2    Preston, C.3    Sbn, P.4    Roush, R.T.5
  • 118
    • 0342451463 scopus 로고
    • Etudes sur la selection du Colza d'hiver
    • Rives M (1957) Etudes sur la selection du Colza d'hiver. Ann Amelior Plantes 1: 61-107.
    • (1957) Ann Amelior Plantes , vol.1 , pp. 61-107
    • Rives, M.1
  • 119
    • 17844383972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) density on the production of canola (Crucifera: Brassicacae)
    • Sabbahi R, De Olivera D, Marceau J (2005) Influence of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) density on the production of canola (Crucifera: Brassicacae). J Econ Entomol 98: 367-372.
    • (2005) J Econ Entomol , vol.98 , pp. 367-372
    • Sabbahi, R.1    De Olivera, D.2    Marceau, J.3
  • 120
    • 0008726933 scopus 로고
    • Yeasts associated with pollinating bees and flower nectar
    • Sandu DK, Waraich MK (1985) Yeasts associated with pollinating bees and flower nectar. Microbial Ecol 11: 51-58.
    • (1985) Microbial Ecol , vol.11 , pp. 51-58
    • Sandu, D.K.1    Waraich, M.K.2
  • 121
    • 84989103658 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effectiveness of isolation distances for field plots of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using a herbicide-resistance transgene as a selectable marker
    • Scheffler JA, Parkinson R, Dale PJ (1995) Evaluating the effectiveness of isolation distances for field plots of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using a herbicide-resistance transgene as a selectable marker. Plant Breeding 114: 317-321.
    • (1995) Plant Breeding , vol.114 , pp. 317-321
    • Scheffler, J.A.1    Parkinson, R.2    Dale, P.J.3
  • 122
    • 0035114319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellif-era L, Hymenoptera) by an imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowers
    • Schmuck R, Schöning R, Stork A, Schramel O (2001) Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellif-era L, Hymenoptera) by an imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowers. Pest Manag Sci 57: 225-238.
    • (2001) Pest Manag Sci , vol.57 , pp. 225-238
    • Schmuck, R.1    Schöning, R.2    Stork, A.3    Schramel, O.4
  • 123
    • 0000296822 scopus 로고
    • The effect of sublethal doses of parathion on honeybee behavior. I. Oral administration and the communication dance
    • Schricker B, Stephen WP (1970) The effect of sublethal doses of parathion on honeybee behavior. I. Oral administration and the communication dance. J Apicult Res 9: 141-153.
    • (1970) J Apicult Res , vol.9 , pp. 141-153
    • Schricker, B.1    Stephen, W.P.2
  • 124
    • 0842284715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bumblebee communities as an indicator for landscape monitoring in the agri-environmental programme
    • Sepp K, Mikk M, Mänd M, Truu J (2004) Bumblebee communities as an indicator for landscape monitoring in the agri-environmental programme. Landscape Urban Plann 67: 173-183.
    • (2004) Landscape Urban Plann , vol.67 , pp. 173-183
    • Sepp, K.1    Mikk, M.2    Mänd, M.3    Truu, J.4
  • 125
    • 0036313683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory bioassays to assess the pathogenicity of mitosporic fungi to Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of the honeybee, Apis mellifera
    • Shaw KE, Davidson G, Clark SJ, Ball BV, Pell JK, Chandler D, Sunderland K (2002) Laboratory bioassays to assess the pathogenicity of mitosporic fungi to Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Biol Control 24: 266-276.
    • (2002) Biol Control , vol.24 , pp. 266-276
    • Shaw, K.E.1    Davidson, G.2    Clark, S.J.3    Ball, B.V.4    Pell, J.K.5    Chandler, D.6    Sunderland, K.7
  • 126
    • 0342632851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active regulation of insect respiration
    • Slama K (1999) Active regulation of insect respiration. Ann Entomol Soc Am 92: 916-929.
    • (1999) Ann Entomol Soc Am , vol.92 , pp. 916-929
    • Slama, K.1
  • 127
    • 34047157543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory concerts revealed by scanning microrespirog-raphy in a termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
    • Slama K, Sobotnik J, Hanus R (2007) Respiratory concerts revealed by scanning microrespirog-raphy in a termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J Insect Physiol 53: 295-311.
    • (2007) J Insect Physiol , vol.53 , pp. 295-311
    • Slama, K.1    Sobotnik, J.2    Hanus, R.3
  • 128
    • 0038660754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed set of male-sterile and male-fertile oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in relation to pollinator density
    • Steffan-Dewenter I (2003) Seed set of male-sterile and male-fertile oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in relation to pollinator density. Apidologie 34: 227-235.
    • (2003) Apidologie , vol.34 , pp. 227-235
    • Steffan-Dewenter, I.1
  • 129
    • 0242495117 scopus 로고
    • Acephate (Orthene): Effects on honey bee queen, brood and worker survival
    • Stoner A, Wilson WT, Harvey J (1985) Acephate (Orthene): Effects on honey bee queen, brood and worker survival. Am Bee J 125: 448-450.
    • (1985) Am Bee J , vol.125 , pp. 448-450
    • Stoner, A.1    Wilson, W.T.2    Harvey, J.3
  • 130
    • 77952038576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake, translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid in plants
    • Sur R, Stork A (2003) Uptake, translocation and metabolism of imidacloprid in plants. Bull Insectol 56: 35-40.
    • (2003) Bull Insectol , vol.56 , pp. 35-40
    • Sur, R.1    Stork, A.2
  • 131
    • 0035658270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of insect growth regulators on honey bees and non-Apis bees
    • Tasei JN (2001) Effects of insect growth regulators on honey bees and non-Apis bees. Apidologie 32: 527-545.
    • (2001) Apidologie , vol.32 , pp. 527-545
    • Tasei, J.N.1
  • 132
    • 0000105672 scopus 로고
    • Recherche de la DL50 de la deltaméthrine (Decis) chez: Megachile rotundata F., abeille pollinisatrice de la luzerne et des effets de doses infraléthales sur les adultes et les larves
    • Tasei JN, Carré C, Moscatelli B, Grondeau C (1988) Recherche de la DL50 de la deltaméthrine (Decis) chez: Megachile rotundata F., abeille pollinisatrice de la luzerne et des effets de doses infraléthales sur les adultes et les larves. Apidologie 19: 291-306.
    • (1988) Apidologie , vol.19 , pp. 291-306
    • Tasei, J.N.1    Carré, C.2    Moscatelli, B.3    Grondeau, C.4
  • 133
    • 0033844185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-lethal effects of imidacloprid on bumblebees, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae), during laboratory feeding test
    • Tasei JN, Lerin J, Ripault G (2000) Sub-lethal effects of imidacloprid on bumblebees, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae), during laboratory feeding test. Pest Manag Sci 56: 784-788.
    • (2000) Pest Manag Sci , vol.56 , pp. 784-788
    • Tasei, J.N.1    Lerin, J.2    Ripault, G.3
  • 134
    • 0034862019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the exposure and toxicity of pesticides to bumblebees (Bombus sp.)
    • Thompson HM (2001) Assessing the exposure and toxicity of pesticides to bumblebees (Bombus sp.). Apidologie 32: 305-321.
    • (2001) Apidologie , vol.32 , pp. 305-321
    • Thompson, H.M.1
  • 135
    • 0037307389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural effects of pesticides in bees-their potential for use in risk assessment
    • Thompson HM (2003) Behavioural effects of pesticides in bees-their potential for use in risk assessment. Ecotoxicology 12: 317-330.
    • (2003) Ecotoxicology , vol.12 , pp. 317-330
    • Thompson, H.M.1
  • 136
    • 0032824492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrapolating from honeybees to bumble bees in pesticide risk assessment
    • Thompson HM, Hunt LV (1999) Extrapolating from honeybees to bumble bees in pesticide risk assessment. Ecotoxicology 8: 147-166.
    • (1999) Ecotoxicology , vol.8 , pp. 147-166
    • Thompson, H.M.1    Hunt, L.V.2
  • 137
    • 35649012806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of sublethal effects in honey bee testing for pesticide risk assessment
    • Thompson HM, Maus C (2007) The relevance of sublethal effects in honey bee testing for pesticide risk assessment. Pest Manag Sci 63: 1058-1061.
    • (2007) Pest Manag Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1058-1061
    • Thompson, H.M.1    Maus, C.2
  • 138
    • 26444524428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of four insect growth regulating (IGR) insecticides on honeybee (Apis mellifera) (L.) colony development, queen rearing and drone sperm production
    • Thompson HM, Wilkins S, Battersby AH, Waite RJ, Wilkinson D (2005) The effects of four insect growth regulating (IGR) insecticides on honeybee (Apis mellifera) (L.) colony development, queen rearing and drone sperm production. Ecotoxicology 14: 757-769.
    • (2005) Ecotoxicology , vol.14 , pp. 757-769
    • Thompson, H.M.1    Wilkins, S.2    Battersby, A.H.3    Waite, R.J.4    Wilkinson, D.5
  • 140
    • 3743148809 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of antagonistic bacteria by honey bees for biological control of fire blight
    • Thomson SV, Shotwell KM, Vandenberg JD (1990) The distribution of antagonistic bacteria by honey bees for biological control of fire blight. Phytopathol 80: 1017.
    • (1990) Phytopathol , vol.80 , pp. 1017
    • Thomson, S.V.1    Shotwell, K.M.2    Vandenberg, J.D.3
  • 141
    • 34250605279 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the risks of wind pollination from fields of genetically modified Brassica napus ssp. oleifera
    • Timmons AM, O'Brain ET, Chatters YM, Dubbels SJ, Wilkinson MJ (1995) Assessing the risks of wind pollination from fields of genetically modified Brassica napus ssp. oleifera. Euphytica 85: 417-423.
    • (1995) Euphytica , vol.85 , pp. 417-423
    • Timmons, A.M.1    O'Brain, E.T.2    Chatters, Y.M.3    Dubbels, S.J.4    Wilkinson, M.J.5
  • 142
    • 0007548008 scopus 로고
    • Test methods to determine the hazards of IGRs (insect growth regulators) on honey bee brood, using phenoxycarb as an example
    • May 15-18, Rez near Prague Research Institute of Apiculture, Dol, Czechoslovakia 1990
    • van der Steen JJM, de Ruijter A (1990) Test methods to determine the hazards of IGRs (insect growth regulators) on honey bee brood, using phenoxycarb as an example, Proc 4th Int Symp Harmonization of Methods for Testing the Toxicity of Pesticides to Bees, May 15-18, Rez near Prague, Research Institute of Apiculture, Dol, Czechoslovakia 1990, pp 88-91.
    • (1990) Proc 4th Int Symp Harmonization of Methods for Testing the Toxicity of Pesticides to Bees , pp. 88-91
    • Van Der Steen Jjm1    De Ruijter, A.2
  • 143
    • 0029053474 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of the homing-flight in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin
    • Vandame R, Meled M, Colin ME, Belzunces LP (1995) Alteration of the homing-flight in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. exposed to sublethal dose of deltamethrin. Environ Toxicol Chem 14: 855-860.
    • (1995) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.14 , pp. 855-860
    • Vandame, R.1    Meled, M.2    Colin, M.E.3    Belzunces, L.P.4
  • 144
    • 0343081389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of augmented Metarhizium aniosopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Finnish agricultural soils
    • Vänninen I, Tyni-Juslin J, Hokkanen H (2000) Persistence of augmented Metarhizium aniosopliae and Beauveria bassiana in Finnish agricultural soils. Biocontrol 45: 201-222.
    • (2000) Biocontrol , vol.45 , pp. 201-222
    • Vänninen, I.1    Tyni-Juslin, J.2    Hokkanen, H.3
  • 145
    • 0007038404 scopus 로고
    • Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat's rue and turnip rape in southern Finland
    • Varis A-L (1995) Abundance, species composition and daily pattern of bees visiting field bean, goat's rue and turnip rape in southern Finland. Agricult Sci in Finland 4: 473-478.
    • (1995) Agricult Sci in Finland , vol.4 , pp. 473-478
    • Varis, A.-L.1
  • 146
    • 0034017823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuous gas exchange in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren: Caste differences and temperature effects
    • Vogt JT, Appel AG (2000) Discontinuous gas exchange in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren: Caste differences and temperature effects. J Insect Physiol 46: 403-416.
    • (2000) J Insect Physiol , vol.46 , pp. 403-416
    • Vogt, J.T.1    Appel, A.G.2
  • 147
    • 0035539570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canola pollination: An update
    • Westcott L, Nelson D (2001) Canola pollination: An update. Bee World 82: 115-129.
    • (2001) Bee World , vol.82 , pp. 115-129
    • Westcott, L.1    Nelson, D.2
  • 148
    • 0242406816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass flowering crops enhanced pollinator densities at a landscape scale
    • Westphal C, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T (2003) Mass flowering crops enhanced pollinator densities at a landscape scale. Ecol Lett 6: 961-965.
    • (2003) Ecol Lett , vol.6 , pp. 961-965
    • Westphal, C.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 149
    • 58249097189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early colony growth but not sexual reproduction of bumblebees
    • Westphal C, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T (2009) Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early colony growth but not sexual reproduction of bumblebees. J Appl Ecol 46: 187-193.
    • (2009) J Appl Ecol , vol.46 , pp. 187-193
    • Westphal, C.1    Steffan-Dewenter, I.2    Tscharntke, T.3
  • 151
    • 84972319939 scopus 로고
    • The pollination requirements of swede rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica campestris)
    • Williams IH (1978) The pollination requirements of swede rape (Brassica napus) and turnip rape (Brassica campestris). J. Agric Sci 91: 343-348.
    • (1978) J. Agric Sci , vol.91 , pp. 343-348
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 152
    • 0001326206 scopus 로고
    • Oilseed rape and beekeeping, particular in Britain
    • Williams IH (1980) Oilseed rape and beekeeping, particular in Britain. Bee World 61(4): 141-153.
    • (1980) Bee World , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 141-153
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 153
    • 84974082629 scopus 로고
    • The concentrations of air-borne rape pollen over a crop of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Williams IH (1984) The concentrations of air-borne rape pollen over a crop of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agric Sci 103: 353-357.
    • (1984) J Agric Sci , vol.103 , pp. 353-357
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 154
    • 0002464497 scopus 로고
    • The pollination of swede rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Williams IH (1985) The pollination of swede rape (Brassica napus L.). Bee World 66: 16-22.
    • (1985) Bee World , vol.66 , pp. 16-22
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 155
    • 0002370465 scopus 로고
    • Environmental change and the distributions of British bumble bees (Bombus Latr.)
    • Williams PH (1986) Environmental change and the distributions of British bumble bees (Bombus Latr.). Bee World 67: 50-61.
    • (1986) Bee World , vol.67 , pp. 50-61
    • Williams, P.H.1
  • 156
    • 0000652197 scopus 로고
    • The dependence of crop production within the European Union on pollination by honeybees
    • Williams IH (1994) The dependence of crop production within the European Union on pollination by honeybees. Agricult Sci Rev 6: 229-257.
    • (1994) Agricult Sci Rev , vol.6 , pp. 229-257
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 157
    • 0002496063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of bee diversity and crop pollination in the European Union
    • Matheson A, Buchmann SL, O'Toole C, Westrich C, Williams IH (eds, London, UK
    • Williams IH (1996) Aspects of bee diversity and crop pollination in the European Union. In: Matheson A, Buchmann SL, O'Toole C, Westrich C, Williams IH (eds.) Conservation of Bees. Academic Press for IBRA and the Linnean Society, London, UK.
    • (1996) Conservation of Bees Academic Press for IBRA and the Linnean Society
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 158
    • 13244295255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in insect pest management of oilseed rape in Europe
    • Horowitz AR, Ishaaya I (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg
    • Williams IH (2004) Advances in insect pest management of oilseed rape in Europe. In: Horowitz AR, Ishaaya I (eds.) Insect pest management: Field and protected crops. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
    • (2004) Insect Pest Management: Field and Protected Crops
    • Williams, I.H.1
  • 160
    • 0027134426 scopus 로고
    • Nectar sources for honey bees and the movement of honey bee colonies for crop pollination and honey production in England
    • Williams IH, Carreck N, Little DJ (1993) Nectar sources for honey bees and the movement of honey bee colonies for crop pollination and honey production in England. Bee World 74: 160-175.
    • (1993) Bee World , vol.74 , pp. 160-175
    • Williams, I.H.1    Carreck, N.2    Little, D.J.3
  • 161
    • 0002442830 scopus 로고
    • The beekeeping potential of oilseed rape
    • Williams IH, Cook VA (1982) The beekeeping potential of oilseed rape. BBJ 110: 68-70.
    • (1982) BBJ , vol.110 , pp. 68-70
    • Williams, I.H.1    Cook, V.A.2
  • 162
    • 84948616070 scopus 로고
    • Beekeeping, wild bees and pollination in the European community
    • Williams IH, Corbet SA, Osborne JL (1991) Beekeeping, wild bees and pollination in the European community. Bee World 72(4): 170-180.
    • (1991) Bee World , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 170-180
    • Williams, I.H.1    Corbet, S.A.2    Osborne, J.L.3
  • 163
    • 84972017298 scopus 로고
    • The feeding and mating behaviour of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Williams IH, Free JB (1978) The feeding and mating behaviour of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus Fab.) and seed weevils (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agri Sci 91: 453-459.
    • (1978) J Agri Sci , vol.91 , pp. 453-459
    • Williams, I.H.1    Free, J.B.2
  • 164
    • 84972277415 scopus 로고
    • Compensation of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants after damage to their buds and pods
    • Williams IH, Free JB (1979) Compensation of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.) plants after damage to their buds and pods. J Agr Sci 92: 53-59.
    • (1979) J Agr Sci , vol.92 , pp. 53-59
    • Williams, I.H.1    Free, J.B.2
  • 165
    • 84974489281 scopus 로고
    • The effect of insect pollination on plant development and seed production in winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Williams IH, Martin AP, Ferguson AW, Clark SJ (1987) The effect of insect pollination on plant development and seed production in winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agr Sci 109: 135-139.
    • (1987) J Agr Sci , vol.109 , pp. 135-139
    • Williams, I.H.1    Martin, A.P.2    Ferguson, A.W.3    Clark, S.J.4
  • 166
    • 84935479395 scopus 로고
    • The pollination requirements of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.)
    • Williams IH, Martin AP, White RP (1986) The pollination requirements of oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). J Agr Sci 106: 27-30.
    • (1986) J Agr Sci , vol.106 , pp. 27-30
    • Williams, I.H.1    Martin, A.P.2    White, R.P.3
  • 167
    • 0038014599 scopus 로고
    • Honeybee pollination of the double low oil-seed rape line Ariana
    • Williams IH, Simpkins J (1989) Honeybee pollination of the double low oil-seed rape line Ariana. Asp Appl Biol 23: 343-346.
    • (1989) Asp Appl Biol , vol.23 , pp. 343-346
    • Williams, I.H.1    Simpkins, J.2
  • 169
    • 33645805699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake by convection and diffusion in diapausing moth pupae (Attacus atlas)
    • Wobschall A, Hetz SK (2004) Oxygen uptake by convection and diffusion in diapausing moth pupae (Attacus atlas). Int Cong Series 1275: 157-164.
    • (2004) Int Cong Series , vol.1275 , pp. 157-164
    • Wobschall, A.1    Hetz, S.K.2
  • 170
    • 57849129962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal foraging behaviour induced by sublethal dosage of imidacloprid in the honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
    • Yang EC, Chuang YC, Chen YL, Chang LH (2008) Abnormal foraging behaviour induced by sublethal dosage of imidacloprid in the honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J Econ Entomol 101: 1743-1748.
    • (2008) J Econ Entomol , vol.101 , pp. 1743-1748
    • Yang, E.C.1    Chuang, Y.C.2    Chen, Y.L.3    Chang, L.H.4
  • 171
    • 0031259784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of bumble bees and honey bees for delivering inoculum of Gliocladium roseum to raspberry flowers to control B. cinerea
    • Yu H, Sutton JC (1997) Effectiveness of bumble bees and honey bees for delivering inoculum of Gliocladium roseum to raspberry flowers to control B. cinerea. Biol Control 10: 113-122.
    • (1997) Biol Control , vol.10 , pp. 113-122
    • Yu, H.1    Sutton, J.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.