Respiratory water loss in insects

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology

Volumn 133, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 791-804

  Chown, S L ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Desiccation resistance; Discontinuous gas exchange; Metabolic rate; Water balance

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; BREATHING; CONFERENCE PAPER; DESICCATION; DORMANCY; FITNESS; FLUID BALANCE; GAS EXCHANGE; INSECT; METABOLIC RATE; METABOLIC REGULATION; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; SPECIES COMPARISON; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; WATER LOSS; ANIMAL; ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

HEXAPODA;

WATER;

ANIMALS; INSECTS; RESPIRATION; WATER; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

EID: 0036850982     PISSN: 10956433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00200-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (119)

1. Addo-Bediako A., Chown S.L., Gaston K.J. Revisiting water loss in insects: a large-scale view. J. Insect Physiol. 47:2001;1377-1388.
2. Addo-Bediako, A., Chown, S.L., Gaston, K.J., 2002. Metabolic cold adaptation in insects: a large scale perspective. Funct. Ecol., in press.
3. Ahearn G.A. The control of water loss in desert tenebrionid beetles. J. Exp. Biol. 53:1970;573-595.
4. Barnhart M.C. Respiratory gas tensions and gas exchange in active and dormant land snails, Otala lactea. Physiol. Zool. 59:1986;733-745.
5. Barnhart M.C., McMahon B.R. Discontinuous carbon dioxide release and metabolic depression in dormant land snails. J. Exp. Biol. 128:1987;123-138.
6. Blackburn T.M., Gaston K.J. The relationship between animal abundance and body size: a review of the mechanisms. Adv. Ecol. Res. 28:1999;181-210.
7. Bosch M., Chown S.L., Scholtz C.H. Discontinuous gas exchange and water loss in the keratin beetle Omorgus radula: further evidence against the water conservation hypothesis? Physiol. Entomol. 24:2000;309-314.
8. Bradley T.J., Williams A.E., Rose M.R. Physiological responses to selection for desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Am. Zool. 39:1999;337-345.
9. Bryant S.R., Bale J.S., Thomas C.D. Modification of the triangle method of degree-day accumulation to allow for behavioural thermoregulation in insects. J. Appl. Ecol. 35:1998;921-927.
10. Burkett B.N., Schneiderman H.A. Discontinuous respiration in insects at low temperatures: intratracheal pressure changes and spiracular valve behavior. Biol. Bull. 147:1974;294-310.
11. Bursell E. Spiracular control of water loss in the tsetse fly. Proc. R. Ent. Soc. Lond. 32A:1957;21-29.
12. Bustami H.P., Hustert R. Typical ventilatory pattern of the intact locust is produced by the isolated CNS. J. Insect Physiol. 46:2000;1285-1293.
13. Chappell M.A., Rogowitz G.L. Mass, temperature and metabolic effects on discontinuous gas exchange cycles in Eucalyptus-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J. Exp. Biol. 203:2000;3809-3820.
14. Chown S.L. Desiccation resistance in six sub-Antarctic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): humidity as an abiotic factor influencing assemblage structure. Funct. Ecol. 7:1993;318-325.
15. Chown S.L. Physiological variation in insects: hierarchical levels and implications. J. Insect Physiol. 47:2001;649-660.
16. Chown S.L., Addo-Bediako A., Gaston K.J. Physiological variation in insects: large-scale patterns and their implications. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 131:2002;587-602.
17. Chown S.L., Gaston K.J. Exploring links between physiology and ecology at macroscales: the role of respiratory metabolism in insects. Biol. Rev. 74:1999;87-120.
18. Chown S.L., Holter P. Discontinuous gas exchange cycles in Aphodius fossor (Scarabaeidae): a test of hypotheses concerning origins and mechanisms. J. Exp. Biol. 203:2000;397-403.
19. Chown S.L., Le Lagadec M.D., Scholtz C.H. Partitioning variance in a physiological trait: desiccation resistance in keratin beetles (Coleoptera, Trogidae). Funct. Ecol. 13:1999;838-844.
20. Chown S.L., Pistorius P.A., Scholtz C.H. Morphological correlates of flightlessness in southern African Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Testing a condition of the water conservation hypothesis. Can. J. Zool. 76:1998;1123-1133.
21. Chown S.L., Scholtz C.H., Klok C.J., Joubert F.J., Coles K. Ecophysiology, range contraction and survival of a geographically restricted African dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Funct. Ecol. 9:1995;30-39.
22. Chown S.L., Van Der Merwe M., Smith V.R. The influence of habitat and altitude on oxygen uptake in sub-antarctic weevils. Physiol. Zool. 70:1997;116-124.
23. Clarke A. Seasonal acclimatization and latitudinal compensation in metabolism: do they exist? Funct. Ecol. 7:1993;139-149.
24. Cooper P.D. Components of evaporative water loss in the desert tenebrionid beetles Eleodes armata and Cryptoglossa verrucosa. Physiol. Zool. 56:1983;47-55.
25. Danks H.V. Dehydration in dormant insects. J. Insect Physiol. 46:2000;837-852.
26. Davis A.L.V., Chown S.L., McGeoch M.A., Scholtz C.H. A comparative analysis of metabolic rate in six Scarabaeus species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from southern Africa: further caveats when inferring adaptation. J. Insect Physiol. 46:2000;553-562.
27. Davis A.L.V., Chown S.L., Scholtz C.H. Discontinuous gas- exchange cycles in Scarabaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Mass-scaling and temperature dependence. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 72:1999;555-565.
28. Djawdan M., Rose M.E., Bradley T.J. Does selection for stress resistance lower metabolic rate? Ecology. 78:1997;828-837.
29. Dudley R. The Biomechanics of Insect Flight. Form, Function, Evolution. 2000;Princeton University Press, Princeton.
30. Duncan F.D., Byrne M.J. Discontinuous gas exchange in dung beetles: patterns and ecological implications. Oecologia. 122:2000;452-458.
31. Eckstrand I.A., Richardson R.H. Relationships between water balance properties and habitat characteristics in the sibling Hawaiian drosophilids, D. mimica and D. kambysellisi. Oecologia. 50:1981;337-341.
32. Edney E.B. Water Balance in Land Arthropods. 1977;Springer, Berlin.
33. Felsenstein J. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat. 125:1985;1-15.
34. Frears S.L., Chown S.L., Webb P.I. Temperature dependence of feeding behavior in the mopane worm (Lepidoptera). J. Thermal Biol. 24:1999;241-244.
35. Freckleton R.P. Phylogenetic tests of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses: checking for phylogenetic independence. Funct. Ecol. 14:2000;129-134.
36. Garland T., Adolph S.C. Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiol. Zool. 67:1994;797-828.
37. Gaston K.J., Blackburn T.M., Lawton J.H. Interspecific abundance-range size relationships: an appraisal of mechanisms. J. Animal Ecol. 66:1997;579-601.
38. Gereben B.-A. Co-occurrence and microhabitat distribution of six Nebria species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in an alpine glacier retreat zone in the Alps, Austria. Arctic Alpine Res. 27:1995;371-379.
39. Gibbs A.G. Water-proofing properties of cuticular lipids. Am. Zool. 38:1998;471-482.
40. Gibbs A.G. Laboratory selection for the comparative physiologist. J. Exp. Biol. 202:1999;2709-2718.
41. Gibbs A.G. Lipid melting and cuticular permeability: new insights into an old problem. J. Insect Physiol. 48:2001;391-400.
42. Gibbs A.G., Louie A.K., Ayala J.A. Effects of temperature on cuticular lipids and water balance in a desert Drosophila: is thermal acclimation beneficial? J. Exp. Biol. 201:1998;71-80.
43. Gibbs A.G., Mousseau T.A., Crowe J.H. Genetic and acclimatory variation in biophysical properties of insect cuticle lipids. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;7257-7260.
44. Gotelli N.J. Research fronteirs in null model analysis. Global Ecol. Biogeog. 10:2001;337-343.
45. Greenlee K.J., Harrison J.F. Acid-base respiratory responses to hypoxia in the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. J. Exp. Biol. 201:1998;2843-2855.
46. Gulinson S.L., Harrison J. Control of resting ventilation rate in grasshoppers. J. Exp. Biol. 199:1996;379-389.
47. Hadley N.F. Water Relations of Terrestrial Arthropods. 1994a;Academic Press, San Diego.
48. Hadley N.F. Ventilatory patterns and respiratory transpiration in adult terrestrial insects. Physiol. Zool. 67:1994b;175-189.
49. Hadley N.F., Quinlan M.C. Discontinuous carbon dioxide release in the eastern lubber grasshopper Romalea guttata and its effect on respiratory transpiration. J. Exp. Biol. 177:1993;169-180.
50. Haila Y. The multiple faces of ecological theory and data. Oikos. 55:1988;408-411.
51. Harrison J.F. Ventilatory mechanism and control in grasshoppers. Am. Zool. 37:1997;73-81.
52. Harrison J.F., Roberts S.P. Flight respiration and energetics. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 62:2000;179-205.
53. Harvey P.H., Pagel M.D. The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. 1991;Oxford University Press, Oxford.
54. Hoffmann A., Parsons P.A. Evolutionary Genetics and Environmental Stress. 1991;Oxford University Press, Oxford.
55. Hoffmann A.A., Parsons P.A. An integrated approach to environmental stress tolerance and life history variation. Desiccation tolerance in Drosophila. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 37:1989a;117-136.
56. Hoffmann A.A., Parsons P.A. Selection for increased desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster: additive genetic control and correlated responses for other stresses. Genetics. 122:1989b;837-845.
57. Hood W.G., Tschinkel W.R. Desiccation resistance in arboreal and terrestrial ants. Physiol. Entomol. 15:1990;23-35.
58. Huey R.B., Berrigan D., Gilchrist G.W., Herron J.C. Testing the adaptive significance of acclimation: a strong inference approach. Am. Zool. 39:1999;323-336.
59. Juliano S.A. Resistance to dessication and starvation of two species of Brachinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from southeastern Arizona. Can. J. Zool. 64:1986;73-80.
60. Kestler P. Respiration and respiratory water loss. Hoffmann K.H., Environmental Physiology and Biochemistry of Insects. 1985;137-186 Springer, Berlin.
61. Klok C.J., Chown S.L. Interactions between desiccation resistance, host-plant contact and the thermal biology of a leaf-dwelling sub-Antarctic caterpillar, Embryonopsis halticella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). J. Insect Physiol. 44:1998a;615-628.
62. Klok C.J., Chown S.L. Field thermal ecology and water relations of gregaria phase african armyworm caterpillars, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Thermal Biol. 23:1998b;131-142.
63. Klok C.J., Chown S.L. Assessing the benefits of aggregation: thermal biology and water relations of anomalous emperor moth caterpillars. Funct. Ecol. 13:1999;417-427.
64. Klok C.J., Mercer R.D., Chown S.L. Discontinuous gas exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. J. Exp. Biol. 205:2002;1031-1036.
65. Koslowski J., Weiner J. Interspecific allometries are by-products of body size optimization. Am. Nat. 149:1997;352-380.
66. Le Lagadec M.D., Chown S.L., Scholtz C.H. Desiccation resistance and water balance in southern African keratin beetles (Coleoptera, Trogidae): the influence of body size, habitat and phylogeny. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 168:1998;112-122.
67. Lee R.E., Denlinger D.L. Insects at Low Temperature. 1991;Chapman and Hall, New York.
68. Lehmann F.-O., Dickinson M.H., Staunton J. The scaling of carbon dioxide release and respiratory water loss in flying fruit flies (Drosophila spp.). J. Exp. Biol. 203:2000;1613-1624.
69. Levy R.I., Schneidermann H.A. Discontinuous respiration in insects-II. The direct measurement and significance of changes in tracheal gas composition during the respiratory cycle of silkworm pupae. J. Insect Physiol. 12:1966;83-104.
70. 2 emission in a small insect, the formicine ant Camponotus vicinus. J. Exp. Biol. 134:1988a;363-376.
71. Lighton J.R.B. Simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide emission during discontinuous ventilation in the tok-tok beetle, Psammodes striatus. J. Insect Physiol. 34:1988b;361-367.
72. Lighton J.R.B. Ventilation in Namib desert tenebrionid beetles: mass scaling and evidence of a novel quantized flutter-phase. J. Exp. Biol. 159:1991;249-268.
73. Lighton J.R.B. Direct measurement of mass loss during discontinuous ventilation in two species of ants. J. Exp. Biol. 173:1992;289-293.
74. Lighton J.R.B. Discontinuous ventilation in terrestrial insects. Physiol. Zool. 67:1994;142-162.
75. Lighton J.R.B. Discontinuous gas exchange in insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 41:1996;309-324.
76. Lighton J.R.B. Notes from the underground: towards ultimate hypotheses of cyclic, discontinuous gas-exchange in tracheate arthropods. Am. Zool. 38:1998;483-491.
77. Lighton J.R.B., Bartholomew G.A. Standard energy metabolism of a desert harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex rugosus: effects of temperature, body mass, group size, and humidity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;4765-4769.
78. Lighton J.R.B., Berrigan D. Questioning paradigms: caste-specific ventilation in harvester ants, Messor pergandei and M. julianus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;521-530.
79. Lighton J.R.B., Brownell P.H., Joos B., Turner R.J. Low metabolic rate in scorpions: implications for population biomass and cannibalism. J. Exp. Biol. 204:2001;607-613.
80. Lighton J.R.B., Duncan F.D. Standard and exercise metabolism and the dynamics of gas exchange in the giant red velvet mite, Dinothrombium magnificum. J. Insect Physiol. 41:1995;877-884.
81. Lighton J.R.B., Fielden L.J. Mass scaling of standard metabolism in ticks: A valid case of low metabolic rates in sit-and-wait strategists. Physiol. Zool. 68:1995;43-62.
82. Lighton J.R.B., Garrigan D. Ant breathing: Testing regulation and mechanism hypotheses with hypoxia. J. Exp. Biol. 198:1995;1613-1620.
83. Lighton J.R.B., Garrigan D.A., Duncan F.D., Johnson R.A. Spiracular control of respiratory water loss in female alates of the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex rugosus. J. Exp. Biol. 179:1993;233-244.
84. Lighton J.R.B., Quinlan M.C., Feener D.H. Jr. Is bigger better? Water balance in the polymorphic desert harvester ant Messor pergandei. Physiol. Entomol. 19:1994;325-334.
85. Lovegrove B.G. The zoogeography of mammalian basal metabolic rate. Am. Nat. 156:2000;201-219.
86. Machin J., Kestler P., Lampert G.J. Simultaneous measurements of spiracular and cuticular water losses in Periplaneta americana: implications for whole-animal mass loss studies. J. Exp. Biol. 161:1991;439-453.
87. McIntosh R.P. Pluralism in ecology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 18:1987;321-341.
88. Nagy K.A., Peterson C.C. Scaling of water flux rate in animals. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 120:1988;1-172.
89. Nee S., Read A.F., Greenwood J.J.D., Harvey P.H. The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds. Nature. 351:1991;312-315.
90. Nicolson S.W., Louw G.N. Simultaneous measurement of evaporative water loss, oxygen consumption, and thoracic temperature during flight in a carpenter bee. J. Exp. Zool. 222:1982;287-296.
91. Nicolson S.W., Louw G.N., Edney E.B. Use of a ventilated capsule and tritiated water to measure evaporative water losses in a tenebrionid beetle. J. Exp. Biol. 108:1984;477-481.
92. Packard G.C., Boardman T.J. The misuse of ratios, indices, and percentages in ecophysiological research. Physiol. Zool. 61:1988;1-9.
93. Packard G.C., Boardman T.J. The use of percentages and size-specific indices to normalize physiological data for variation in body size: wasted time, wasted effort? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 122:1999;37-44.
94. Prange H.D., Pinshow B. Thermoregulation of an unusual grasshopper in a desert environment: the importance of food source and body size. J. Thermal Biol. 19:1994;75-78.
95. Price T. Correlated evolution and independent contrasts. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 352:1997;519-529.
96. Quinlan M.C., Hadley N.F. Gas exchange, ventilatory patterns, and water loss in two lubber grasshoppers: quantifying cuticular and respiratory transpiration. Physiol. Zool. 66:1993;628-642.
97. Quinlan M.C., Lighton J.R.B. Respiratory physiology and water relations of three species of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Physiol. Entomol. 24:1999;293-302.
98. Raubenheimer D. Problems with ratio analysis in nutritional studies. Funct. Ecol. 9:1995;21-29.
99. Reinhold K. Energetically costly behaviour and the evolution of resting metabolic rate in insects. Funct. Ecol. 13:1999;217-224.
100. Remmert H. Crickets in sunshine. Oecologia. 68:1985;29-33.
101. Ricklefs R.E., Starck J.M. Applications of phylogenetically independent contrasts: a mixed progress report. Oikos. 77:1996;167-172.
102. Rourke B.C. Geographic and altitudinal variation in water balance and metabolic rate in a California grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. J. Exp. Biol. 203:2000;2699-2712.
103. Sláma K. Regulation of respiratory acidemia by the autonomic nervous system (coelopulse) in insects and ticks. Physiol. Zool. 67:1994;163-174.
104. Sláma K. Respiratory cycles of Chelifer cancroides (Pseudoscorpiones) and Galeodes sp. (Solifugae). Eur. J. Entomol. 92:1995;543-552.
105. Sláma K. Active regulation of insect respiration. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 92:1999;916-929.
106. Sláma K., Coquillaud M.-S. Homeostatic control of respiratory metabolism in beetles. J. Insect Physiol. 38:1992;783-791.
107. Slansky F., Rodriguez J.G. Nutritional Ecology of Insects, Mites, Spiders, and Related Invertebrates. 1985;John Wiley and Sons, New York.
108. Sømme L. Invertebrates in Hot and Cold Arid Environments. 1995;Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
109. Tanaka S., Wolda H., Denlinger D.L. Group size affects the metabolic rate of a tropical beetle. Physiol. Entomol. 13:1988;239-241.
110. Van Nerum K., Buelens H. Hypoxia-controlled winter metabolism in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 117A:1997;445-455.
111. Vogt J.T., Appel A.G. Discontinuous gas exchange in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, caste differences and temperature effects. J. Insect Physiol. 46:2000;403-416.
112. Wasserthal L.T. Interaction of circulation and tracheal ventilation in holometabolous insects. Adv. Insect Physiol. 26:1996;297-351.
113. Williams A.E., Bradley T.J. The effect of respiratory pattern on water loss in desiccation-resistant Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol. 201:1998;2953-2959.
114. Williams A.E., Rose M.R., Bradley T.J. Using laboratory selection for dessication resistance to examine the relationship between respiratory pattern and water loss in insects. J. Exp. Biol. 201:1998;2945-2952.
115. Zachariassen K.E. Routes of transpiratory water loss in a dry-habitat tenebrionid beetle. J. Exp. Biol. 157:1991;425-437.
116. Zachariassen K.E. The water conserving physiological compromise of desert insects. Eur. J. Entomol. 93:1996;359-367.
117. Zachariassen K.E., Andersen J., Kamau J.M.Z., Maloiy G.M.O. Water loss in insects from arid and humid habitats in East Africa. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. 85:1988;81-93.
118. Zachariassen K.E., Anderson J., Maloiy G.M.O., Kamau J.M.Z. Transpiratory water loss and metabolism of beetles from arid areas in East Africa. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86A:1987;403-408.
119. Zachariassen K.E., Maloiy G.M.O. Water balance of beetles as an indicator of environmental humidity. Fauna Norv. Ser. B. 36:1989;27-31.