Characteristics of interfacial signatures on a wind-driven gravity-capillary wave

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 118, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1715-1735

  Tsai, Wu Ting ^a   Chen, Shi Ming ^b   Lu, Guan Hung ^a   Garbe, Christoph S ^c  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

gas transfer; numerical simulation; surface wave; turbulence

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; GRAVITY WAVES; SURFACE PROPERTIES; SURFACE WAVES; TURBULENCE;

CHARACTERISTIC SIGNATURE; CHARACTERISTIC SURFACES; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; GAS TRANSFER; GRAVITY CAPILLARY WAVES; INTERFACIAL GAS TRANSFER; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;

GASES;

CAPILLARY WAVE; FLUX MEASUREMENT; GAS TRANSPORT; LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; NONLINEARITY; NUMERICAL MODEL; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; TURBULENCE; TURBULENT FLOW; VORTICITY; WAVELET; WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION;

EID: 84878085401     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.20145     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Asher, W. E., A. T. Jessup, and, M. A. Atmanem, (2004), Oceanic application of the active controlled flux technique for measuring air-sea transfer velocities of heat and gases, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S12, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001862. (Pubitemid 39437405)
2. Atmane, M. A., W. E. Asher, and, A. T. Jessup, (2004), On the use of the active infrared technique to infer heat and gas transfer velocities at the air-water free surface, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S14, doi: 10.1029/ 2003JC001805. (Pubitemid 39437407)
3. Banner, M. L., and, W. L. Peirson, (1998), Tangential stress beneath wind-driven air-water interfaces, J. Fluid Mech., 364, 115-145. (Pubitemid 128488637)
4. Bock, E. J., T. Hara, N. M. Frew, and, W. R. McGillis, (1999), Relationship between air-sea gas transfer and short wind waves, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25,821-25,831.
5. Danckwerts, P. V., (1951), Significance of a liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem., 43, 1460-1467.
6. Duke, S. R., L. M. Wolff, and, T. J. Hanratty, (1995), Slopes of small-scale wind waves and their relation to mass transfer rates, Exp. Fluids, 19, 280-292.
7. Fedorov, A. V., and, W. K. Melville, (1998), Nonlinear gravity-capillary waves with forcing and dissipation, J. Fluid Mech., 354, 1-42.
8. Fortescue, G. E., and, J. R. A. Pearson, (1967), On gas absorption into a turbulent liquid, Chm. Eng. Sci., 22, 1163-1176.
9. Fulgosi, M., D. Lakehal, S. Banerjee, and, V. D. Angelis, (2003), Direct numerical simulation of turbulence in a sheared air-water flow with a deformable interface, J. Fluid Mech., 482, 319-345, doi: 10.1017/S0022112003004154. (Pubitemid 36659085)
10. Garbe, C. S., U. Schimpf, and, B. Jähne, (2004), A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat and gas exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S15, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001802. (Pubitemid 39437408)
11. Gemmrich, J., and, L. Hasse, (1992), Small scale surface streaming under natural conditions as effective in air-sea gas exchange, Tellus, 44B, 150-159.
12. Handler, R. A., G. B. Smith, and, R. I. Leighton, (2001), The thermal structure of an air-water interface at low wind speeds, Tellus, 53, 233-244. (Pubitemid 32792938)
13. Handler, R. A., and, G. B. Smith, (2011), Statistics of the temperature and its derivatives at the surface of a wind-driven air-water interface, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C06021, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006496.
14. Hara, T., E. VanInwegen, J. Wendelbo, C. S. Garbe, U. Schimpf, B. Jähne, and, N. Frew, (2007), Estimation of air-sea gas and heat fluxes from infrared imagery based on near surface turbulence models, in Transport at the Air Sea Interface, edited by, C. S. Garbe, R. A. Handler, and, B. H. Jähne, pp. 241-254, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg.
15. Harriott, P., (1962), A random eddy modification of the penetration theory, Chem. Engng. Sci., 17, 149-154.
16. Hasse, L., (1990), On the mechanism of gas exchange at the air-sea interface, Tellus, 42B, 250-253.
17. Haußecker, H., S. Reinelt, and, B. Jähne, (1995), Heat as a proxy tracer for gas exchange measurements in the field: Principle and technical realization, in Air-Water Gas Transfer, edited by, B. Jähne, E. C. Monahan, pp. 405-413, AEON, Hanau, Germany.
18. Haußecker, H., U. Schimpf, C. S. Garbe, and, B. Jähne, (2002), Physics from IR image sequences: Quantitative analysis of transport models and parameters of air-sea gas transfer, in Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, edited by, E. Saltzman, M. Donelan, W. Drennan, and, R. Wanninkhof, pp. 103-108, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
19. Higbie, R., (1935), The rate of absorption of pure gas into a still liquid during short periods of exposure, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 31, 365-389.
20. Huang, N. E., Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. C. Wu, E. H. Shih, Q. Zheng, C. C. Tung, and, H. H. Liu, (1998), The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, 454, 903-995. (Pubitemid 128733183)
21. Hung, L.-P., and, W.-T. Tsai, (2009), The formation of parasitic capillary ripples on gravity-capillary waves and the underlying vortical structures, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 263-289, doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3992.1.
22. Jähne, B., K. O. Munnich, R. Bosinger, A. Dutzi, W. Huber, and, P. Libner, (1987), On the parameters influencing air-water gas exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 1937-1949.
23. Jähne, B., P. Libner, R. Fischer, T. Billen, and, E. J. Plate, (1989), Investigating the transfer processes across the free aqueous viscous boundary layer by the controlled flux method, Tellus, 41B, 177-195.
24. Jessup, A. T., C. J. Zappa, M. R. Loewen, and, V. Hesany, (1997a), Infrared remote sensing of breaking waves, Nature, 385, 52-55.
25. Jessup, A. T., C. J. Zappa, and, H. Yeh, (1997b), Defining and quantifying microscale wave breaking with infrared imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,145-23,153.
26. Lakehal, D., M. Fulgosi, G. Yadigaroglu, and, S. Banerjee, (2003), Direct numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer across a mobile, sheared gas-liquid interface, J. Heat Transfer, 15, 1129-1139, doi: 10.1115/1.1621891. (Pubitemid 38075186)
27. Lamont, J. C., and, D. S. Scott, (1970), An eddy cell model of mass transfer into the surface of a turbulent liquid, AIChE J., 16, 513-519.
28. Leibovich, S., and, S. Paolucci, (1981), The instability of the ocean to Langmuir circulation, J. Fluid Mech., 102, 141-167.
29. Li, M., C. Garrett, and, E. Skyllingstad, (2005), A regime diagram for classifying turbulent large eddies in the upper ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 52, 259-278, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.09.004. (Pubitemid 40427941)
30. Longuet-Higgins, M., (1963), The generation of capillary waves by steep gravity waves, J. Fluid Mech., 16, 138-159.
31. McKenna, S. P., and, W. R. McGillis, (2004), The role of free-surface turbulence and surfactants in air-water gas transfer, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 47, 539-553, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.06.001. (Pubitemid 37348131)
32. McWilliams, J. C., P. P. Sullivan, and, C. H. Moeng, (1997), Langmuir turbulence in the ocean, J. Fluid Mech., 334, 1-30.
33. Melville, W. K., R. Shear, and, F. Veron, (1998), Laboratory measurements of the generation and evolution of Langmuir circulations, J. Fluid Mech., 364, 31-58. (Pubitemid 128488634)
34. Nakagawa, H. N., and, I. Nezu, (1981), Structure of space-time correlations of bursting phenomena in an open-channel flow, J. Fluid Mech., 104, 1-43. (Pubitemid 11497915)
35. Peirson, W. L., (1997), Measurement of surface velocities and shears at a wavy air-water interface using particle image velocimetry, Exp. Fluids, 23, 427-437. (Pubitemid 127548160)
36. Schimpf, U., C. Garbe, and, B. Jähne, (2004), Investigation of transport processes across the sea surface microlayer by infrared imagery, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S13, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001803. (Pubitemid 39437406)
37. Scott, N., R. A. Handler, and, G. B. Smith, (2008), Wavelet analysis of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface subject to moderate wind stress, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 29, 1103-1112, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow. 2007.11.002.
38. Smith, C. R., and, S. P. Metzler, (1983), The characteristics of low-speed streaks in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 129, 27-54. (Pubitemid 13559185)
39. Smith, G. B., R. A. Handler, and, N. Scott, (2007), Observations of the structure of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface for stable and unstable cases, in Transport at the Air Sea Interface, edited by, C. S. Garbe, R. A. Handler, and, B. H. Jähne, pp. 205-222, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg.
40. Sullivan, P. P., J. C. McWilliams, and, C.-H. Moeng, (2000), Simulation of turbulent flow over idealized water waves, J. Fluid Mech., 404, 47-85.
41. Tsai, W.-T., (2001), On the formation of streaks on wind-driven water surfaces, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3959-3962. (Pubitemid 33056433)
42. Tsai, W.-T., and, L.-P. Hung, (2007), Three-dimensional modeling of small-scale processes in the upper boundary layer bounded by a dynamic ocean surface, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C02019, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003686. (Pubitemid 47260923)
43. Tsai, W.-T., and, L.-P. Hung, (2010), Enhanced energy dissipation by parasitic capillaries on short gravity-capillary waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 2435-2450, doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4401.1.
44. Tsai, W.-T., S.-M. Chen, M.-Y. Lin, and, L.-P. Hung, (2003), Molecular sublayers beneath the air-sea interface relative to momentum, heat and gas transports, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1968, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018164.
45. Tsai, W.-T., S.-M. Chen, and, C.-H. Moeng, (2005), A numerical study on the evolution and structure of a stress-driven, free-surface turbulent shear flow, J. Fluid Mech., 545, 163-192, doi: 10.1017/S0022112005007044. (Pubitemid 43091239)
46. Veron, F., and, W. K. Melville, (2001), Experiments on the stability and transition of wind-driven water surfaces, J. Fluid Mech., 446, 25-65. (Pubitemid 33050358)
47. Veron, F., W. K. Melville, and, L. Lenain, (2008), Infrared techniques for measuring ocean surface processes, J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 25, 307-326, doi: 10.1175/2007JTECHO524.1. (Pubitemid 351836263)
48. Veron, F., W. K. Melville, and, L. Lenain, (2011), The effects of small-scale turbulence on air-sea heat flux, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 205-220, doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4491.1.