Statistics of the temperature and its derivatives at the surface of a wind-driven air-water interface

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 116, Issue 6, 2011, Pages

  Handler, Robert A ^a   Smith, Geoffrey B ^a  

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR; DATA FLOW ANALYSIS; GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION; HEAT FLUX; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; TEMPERATURE; WIND EFFECTS;

AIR WATER INTERFACES; CROSS-WIND; DATA SETS; DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVE; EXPONENTIAL TAIL; FRICTION VELOCITY; GAUSSIAN CORES; GAUSSIANS; HIGH RESOLUTION; INFRARED IMAGERY; INTERMITTENCY; LIMITING VALUES; NON-GAUSSIAN; NONDIMENSIONAL; RICHARDSON NUMBER; ROOT MEAN SQUARES; SMALL SCALE; SPATIAL DERIVATIVES; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SURFACE TURBULENCE; TEMPERATURE DERIVATIVES; TEMPERATURE FIELD; THERMAL FIELD; WIND DIRECTIONS; WIND SPEED;

PHASE INTERFACES;

AIR-WATER INTERACTION; ANISOTROPY; DATA SET; GAUSSIAN METHOD; HEAT FLUX; INFRARED IMAGERY; PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION; RICHARDSON NUMBER; SKEWNESS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SURFACE FLUX; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SYMMETRY; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; TURBULENCE; WIND DIRECTION; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 79959821351     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006496     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Batchelor, G. K. (1953), The Theory of Homogeneous Turbulence, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
2. Batchelor, G. K., and A. A. Townsend (1949), The nature of turbulent motion at large wavenumbers, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 199, 238-255.
3. Bernard, P. S., and J. M. Wallace (2002), Turbulent Flow, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
4. Bradshaw, P. (1985), An Introduction to Turbulence and Its Measurement, Pergamon, Oxford, U. K.
5. Craik, A. D. D., and S. Leibovich (1976), A rational model for Langmuir circulation, J. Fluid Mech., 73, 401-426.
6. Csanady, G. T. (1990), The role of breaking wavelets in air-gas transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 749-759.
7. Danckwerts, P. V. (1951), Significance of liquid-film coefficients in gas absorption, Ind. Eng. Chem., 43, 1460-1467.
8. Downing, H. D., and D. Williams (1975), Optical constants of water in the infrared, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 1656-1661.
9. Frisch, U. (2004), Turbulence, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
10. Garbe, C. S., H. Spies, and B. Jähne (2003), Estimation of surface flow and net heat flux from infrared image sequences, J. Math. Imaging Vision, 19, 159-174.
11. Garbe, C. S., U. Schimpf, and B. Jähne (2004), A surface renewal model to analyze infrared image sequences of the ocean surface for the study of air-sea heat and gas exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S15, doi:10.1029/2003JC001802. (Pubitemid 39437408)
12. Handler, R. A., G. B. Smith, and R. I. Leighton (2001), The thermal structure of an air-water interface at low wind speeds, Tellus Ser. A, 53, 233-244. (Pubitemid 32792938)
13. Handler, R. A., R. I. Leighton, G. B. Smith and R. Nagaosa (2003), Surfactant effects on passive scalar transport in a fully developed turbulent flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46, 2219-2238. (Pubitemid 36370894)
14. Hinze, J. O. (1975), Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
15. Jessup, A. T., C. J. Zappa, M. R. Loewen, and V. Hesany (1997), Infrared remote sensing of breaking waves, Nature, 385, 52-55.
16. Jessup, A. T., W. E. Asher, M. Atmane, K. Phadnis, C. J. Zappa, and M. R. Loewen (2009), Evidence for complete and partial surface renewal at an air-water interface, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16601, doi:10.1029/2009GL038986.
17. Judd, K. P., S. Phongikaroon, G. B. Smith, and R. A. Handler (2005), Thermal structure of clean and contaminated free-surfaces subject to an impinging gas jet, Exp. Fluids, 38, 99-111. (Pubitemid 40454048)
18. Judd, K. P., G. B. Smith, R. A. Handler, and A. Sisodia (2008), The thermal signature of a low Reynolds number submerged turbulent jet impacting a free surface, Phys. Fluids, 20, 115102, doi:10.1063/1.2981534.
19. Kline, S. J., W. C. Reynolds, F. A. Schraub, and P. W. Runstadler (1967), The structure of turbulent boundary layers, J. Fluid. Mech., 30, 741-773.
20. Kudryavtsev, V. N., and A. V. Soloviev (1985), On a parametric description of the cold film on the ocean surface, Izv., Acad. Sci., USSR, Atmos. Ocean Phys. (Engl. Transl.), 21, 135-139.
21. Kuo, A. Y.-S., and S. Corrsin (1971), Experiments on internal intermittency and fine-structure distribution functions in fully turbulent fluid, J. Fluid Mech., 50, 285-319.
22. Larue, J. C., and P. A. Libby (1976), Statistical properties of the interface in the turbulent wake of a heated cylinder, Phys. Fluids, 19, 1864-1875.
23. Lee, M. J., J. Kim, and P. Moin (1990), Structure of turbulence at high shear rate, J. Fluid Mech., 216, 561-583.
24. Leighton, R. I., G. B. Smith, and R. A. Handler (2003), Direct numerical simulations of free convection beneath an air-water interface at low Rayleigh numbers, Phys. Fluids, 15, 3181-3193. (Pubitemid 37358710)
25. Libby, P. A. (1996), Introduction to Turbulence, Taylor and Francis, Washington, D. C.
26. Liu, W. T., and A. Businger (1975), Temperature profile in the molecular sublayer near the interface of a fluid in turbulent motion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 403-404.
27. Marmorino, G. O., and G. B. Smith (2005), Bright and dark ocean whitecaps observed in the infrared, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11604, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023176. (Pubitemid 41174829)
28. Marmorino, G. O., G. B. Smith, and G. J. Lindemann (2004), Infrared imagery of ocean internal waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11309, doi:10.1029/2004GL020152. (Pubitemid 39103501)
29. Marmorino, G. O., G. B. Smith, and G. J. Lindemann (2005), Infrared imagery of large-aspect-ratio Langmuir circulation, Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 1-6. (Pubitemid 39645532)
30. McComb, W. D. (1992), The Physics of Fluid Turbulence, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U. K.
31. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Yaglom (1971), Statistical Fluid Mechanics, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
32. Phongikaroon, S., and K. P. Judd (2006), Surfactant effects on the free surface thermal structure and subsurface flow in a wind-wave tunnel, J. Fluids Eng., 128, 913-917, doi:10.1115/1.2234781. (Pubitemid 44578724)
33. Phongikaroon, S., K. P. Judd, G. B. Smith, and R. A. Handler (2004), The thermal structure of a wind-driven Reynolds ridge, Exp. Fluids, 37, 153-158. (Pubitemid 39124940)
34. Pope, S. B. (2000), Turbulent Flows, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
35. Scott, N. V., R. A. Handler, and G. B. Smith (2008), Wavelet analysis of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface subject to moderate wind stress, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 29, 1103-1112.
36. Smith, C. R., and S. P. Metzler (1983), The characteristics of low-speed streaks in the near-wall region of the turbulent boundary layer, J. Fluid Mech., 129, 27-54. (Pubitemid 13559185)
37. Smith, G. B., and R. I. Leighton (2001), A model for the aqueous thermal boundary layer at an air-water interface, in Proceedings From IGARSS [CD-ROM], Inst. of Electr. and Electr. Eng., New York.
38. Smith, G. B., R. J. Volino, R. A. Handler, and R. I. Leighton (2001), The thermal signature of a vortex pair impacting a free surface, J. Fluid Mech., 444, 49-78. (Pubitemid 32949307)
39. Smith, G. B., R. A. Handler, and N. S. Scott (2007), Observations of the structure of the surface temperature field at an air-water interface for stable and unstable cases, in Transport at the Air-Sea Interface, edited by C. S. Garbe, R. A. Handler, and B. Jähne, pp. 205-222, Springer, Berlin.
40. Soloviev, A. V., and P. Schlussel (1994), Parameterization of the cool skin of the ocean and of the air-ocean gas transfer on the basis of modeling surface renewal, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1339-1346.
41. Soloviev, A. V., and P. Schlussel (1996), Evolution of the cool skin and direct air-gas transfer coefficient during daytime, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 77, 45-68. (Pubitemid 26472462)
42. Tennekes, H. (1973), Intermittency of the small-scale structure of atmospheric turbulence, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 4, 241-250.
43. Tennekes, H., and J. L. Lumley (1972), A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
44. Veron, F., and M. K. Melville (2001), Experiments on the stability and transition of wind-driven water surfaces, J. Fluid Mech., 446, 25-65. (Pubitemid 33050358)
45. Ward, B. (2007), Air-water interfacial temperature measurements, in Transport at the Air-Sea Interface, edited by C. S. Garbe, R. A. Handler, and B. Jähne, pp. 193-203, Springer, Berlin.
46. Ward, B., and M. Donelan (2006), Thermometric measurements of the molecular sublayer at the air-water interface, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L07605, doi:10.1029/2005GL024769. (Pubitemid 43772896)