Langmuir turbulence in the ocean

Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Volumn 334, Issue , 1997, Pages 1-30

  McWilliams, James C ^a,b   Sullivan, Peter P ^b   Moeng, Chin Hoh ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; VORTEX FLOW; WIND STRESS;

LANGMUIR CELLS; OCEAN SURFACE CONVERGENCE ZONES; PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL); STOKES DRIFT;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; MODELLING; TURBULENCE;

EID: 0031104112     PISSN: 00221120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112096004375     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. ADRIAN, R. J. & MOIN, P. 1988 Stochastic estimation of organized turbulent structure: homogeneous shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 531-559.
2. ADRIAN, R. J. 1992 Stochastic estimation of conditional structure. Eddy Structure Identification in Free Turbulent Shear Flows, IUTAM Symp., Poitiers, France.
3. ADRIAN, R. J., JONES, B. G., CHUNG, M. K., HASSAN, Y., NITHIANANDAN, C. K. & TUNG, A. T.-C. 1989 Approximation of turbulent conditional averages by stochastic estimation. Phys. Fluids A 6, 992-998.
4. ANIS, A. & MOUM J. N. 1992 The superadiabatic surface layer of the ocean during convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 22, 1221-1227.
5. CARRUTHERS, D. J. & MOENG, C.-H. 1987 Waves in the overlying inversion of the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 1801-1808.
6. COLEMAN, G., FERZIGER, J. & SPALART, P. 1990 A numerical study of the turbulent Ekman layer. J. Fluid Mech. 213, 313-348.
7. CRAIK, A. D. D. & LEIBOVICH, S. 1976 A rational model for Langmuir circulations. J. Fluid Mech. 73, 401-426.
8. CRAIK, A. D. D. 1985 Wave Interactions and Fluid Flows. Cambridge University Press.
9. FARMER, D. M. & LI, M. 1995 Patterns of bubble clouds organized by Langmuir circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 1426-1440.
10. FERNANDO, H. J. S. 1991 Turbulent mixing in stratified fluids. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 455-493.
11. HEAD, R. M. & BANDYOPADHYAY, P. 1981 New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure. J. Fluid Mech. 107, 297-338.
12. HOLM, D. D. 1996 The ideal Craik-Leibovich equations. Physica D 98, 415-441.
13. HUANG, N. E. 1979 On surface drift currents in the ocean. J. Fluid Mech. 91, 191-208.
14. KLEMP, J. & DURAN, D. 1983 An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Weather Rev. 11, 430-444.
15. LANGMUIR, I. 1938 Surface motion of water induced by wind. Science 87, 119-123.
16. LARGE, W. G., MCWILLIAMS, J. C. & DONEY, S. C. 1994 A vertical mixing scheme for momentum and buoyancy in an ocean model with a K-profile parameterization of the boundary layer. Rev. Geophys. 32, 363-403.
17. LEIBOVICH, S. 1980 On wave-current interaction theories of Langmuir circulations. J. Fluid Mech. 99, 715-724.
18. LEIBOVICH, S. 1983 The form and dynamics of Langmuir circulations. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 15, 391-427.
19. LEIBOVICH, S. & TANDON, A. 1993 Three dimensional Langmuir circulation instability in a stratified layer. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 16501-16507.
20. LESIEUR, M. & METAIS, O. 1996 New trends in large-eddy simulation of turbulence. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 28, 45-82.
21. LI, M. & GARRETT, C. 1993 Cell merging and the jet/downwelling ratio in Langmuir circulations. J. Mar. Res. 51, 737-769.
22. LI, M. & GARRETT, C. 1995 Is Langmuir circulation driven by surface waves or surface cooling? J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 64-76.
23. LI, M. & GARRETT, C. 1997 Mixed-layer deepening due to Langmuir circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 121-132.
24. LI, M., ZAHARIEV, K. & GARRETT, C. 1995 Role of Langmuir circualtion in the deepening of the ocean surface mixed layer. Science 270, 1955-1957.
25. MAGNAUDET, J. & THAIS, L. 1995 Turbulence structure below periodic surface waves. Tenth Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, The Pennsylvania State University, pp. 27/7-12.
26. MCWILLIAMS, J. C. 1984 The emergence of isolated, coherent vortices in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 146, 21-43.
27. MCWILLIAMS, J. C., GALLACHER, P. C., MOENG, C.-H. & WYNGAARD, J. C. 1993 Modeling the oceanic planetary boundary layer. Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows, pp. 441-454. Cambridge University Press.
28. MELVILLE, W. K. 1996 The role of surface-wave breaking in air-sea interaction. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 28, 279-321.
29. MOENG, C.-H. 1984 A Large-Eddy-Simulation model for the study of planetary boundary-layer turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2052-2062.
30. PHILLIPS, O. M. 1977 The Dynamics of the Upper Ocean. Cambridge University Press.
31. POLLARD, R. T. 1977 Observations and theories of Langmuir circulations and their role in near surface mixing. In A Voyage of Discovery: George Deacon 70th Anniversary Volume (ed. M. Angel), pp. 235-251.
32. POLLARD, R. T. & THOMAS, K. J. H. 1989 Vertical circulation revealed by diurnal heating of the upper ocean in late winter. Part I: observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 269-278.
33. ROTTA, J. C. 1951 Statistiche theorie nichthomogener turbulens. Z. Phys. 129, 547-572.
34. SKYLLINGSTAD, E. D. & DENBO, D. W. 1995 An ocean large-eddy simulation of Langmuir circulations and convection in the surface mixed layer. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 8501-8522 (referred to herein as SD95).
35. SMITH, J. 1992 Observed growth of Langmuir circulation. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 5651-5664.
36. SULLIVAN, P. P., MCWILLIAMS, J. C. & MOENG, C.-H. 1994 A sub-grid-scale model for Large-Eddy Simulation of planetary boundary-layer flows. Boundary-Layer Met. 71, 247-276.
37. SULLIVAN, P. P., MCWILLIAMS, J. C. & MOENG, C.-H. 1996 A grid-nesting method for large-eddy simulation of planetary boundary-layer flows. Boundary-Layer Met. 80, 167-202.
38. TANDON, A. & LEIBOVICH, S. 1995 Secondary instabilities in Langmuir circulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25, 1206-1217.
39. THORPE, S. 1984 The effect of Langmuir circulation on the distribution of submerged bubbles caused by breaking waves. J. Fluid Mech. 142, 151-170.
40. THORPE, S. 1992 The break-up of Langmuir circulation and the instability of an array of vortices. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 22, 350-360.
41. WELLER, R. A. & PRICE, J. F. 1988 Langmuir circulation within the oceanic mixed layer. Deep-Sea Res. 35, 711-747.
42. WYNGAARD, J. C., COTE, O. R. & IZUMI Y. 1971 Local free convection, similarity, and the budges of shear stress and heat flux. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 1171-1182.
43. ZEDEL, L. & FARMER, D. M. 1991 Organized structures in subsurface bubble clouds: Langmuir circulation in the open ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 8889-8900.