Combination therapy in hypertension

Advances in Therapy

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 320-336

  Gorostidi, Manuel ^a   De La Sierra, Alejandro ^b  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Angiotensin receptor blocker; Antihypertensive treatment; Blood pressure control; Calcium channel blocker; Cardiology; Combination treatment; Hypertension; Renin angiotensin blocker

Indexed keywords

AMLODIPINE; AMLODIPINE PLUS BENAZEPRIL; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL; AZELNIDIPINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARVEDILOL; DIAMICRON MR; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; ENALAPRIL; GLICLAZIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; INDAPAMIDE; INDAPAMIDE PLUS PERINDOPRIL; MANIDIPINE; NEBIVOLOL; NIFEDIPINE; NITRENDIPINE; OLMESARTAN; PERINDOPRIL; POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC AGENT; RENIN INHIBITOR; TELMISARTAN; THIAZIDE DIURETIC AGENT; TRANDOLAPRIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALSARTAN; VERAPAMIL;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; DIURETICS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION;

EID: 84878012037     PISSN: 0741238X     EISSN: 18658652     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12325-013-0020-9     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Lawes CM, Vander Hoorn S, Rodgers A. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. Lancet. 2008;371:1513-1518.
2. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013;380:2224-2260.
3. Chobanian AV. The hypertension paradox - more uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:878-887.
4. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The JNC 7 Report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560-2572.
5. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens. 2007;25:1105-1187.
6. Wang YR, Alexander GC, Stafford RS. Outpatient hypertension treatment, treatment intensification, and control in Western Europe and the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:141-147.
7. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Hypertension. The clinical management of primary hypertension in adults. Clinical Guideline 127. 2011. Available at: www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG127. Accessed Feb 21 2013.
8. Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, et al. Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension. 2004;43:10-17.
9. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon RN. US trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, 1988-2008. JAMA. 2010;303:2043-2050.
10. Banegas JR, Graciani A, de la Cruz-Troca JJ, et al. Achievement of cardiometabolic goals in aware hypertensive patients in Spain: a nationwide population-based study. Hypertension. 2012;60:898-905.
11. De la Sierra A. Blood pressure control in the hypertensive population. What else the doctor can do? J Hypertens. 2010;28:1129-1130.
12. Moser M, Setaro JF. Resistant or difficult-to-control hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:385-392.
13. Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2008;51:1403-1419.
14. Egan BM, Zhao Y, Axon N, et al. Uncontrolled and apparent treatment resistant hypertension in the United States, 1988 to 2008. Circulation. 2011;124:1046-1058.
15. Gupta AK, Nasothimiou EG, Chang CL, et al. Baseline predictors of resistant hypertension in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT): a risk score to identify those at high-risk. J Hypertens. 2011;29:2004-2013.
16. de la Sierra A, Banegas JR, Oliveras A, et al. Clinical differences between resistant hypertensives and patients treated and controlled with three or less drugs. J Hypertens. 2012;30:1211-1216.
17. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665.
18. Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK, et al. Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11,000 participants from 42 trials. Am J Med. 2009;122:290-300.
19. Gradman AH, Basile JN, Carter BL, et al., on behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group. Combination therapy in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010;4:90-98.
20. Flack JM, Sica DA, Bakris, G, et al. Management of high blood pressure in Blacks: an update of the International Society on Hypertension in Blacks consensus statement. Hypertension. 2010;56:780-800.
21. de la Sierra A. Combinations as a first-step therapy in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2007;9:251-252.
22. Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. J Hypertens. 2009;27:2121-2158.
23. Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial. Lancet. 2004;363:2049-2051.
24. Flack JM, Calhoun DA, Satlin L, et al. Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with amlodipine/valsartan compared with amlodipine monotherapy in black patients with stage 2 hypertension: the EX-STAND study. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23:479-489.
25. Mancia G, Parati G, Bilo G, et al., on behalf of the TALENT investigators. Blood pressure control by the nifedipine GITS-telmisartan combination in patients at high cardiovascular risk: the TALENT study. J Hypertens. 2011;29:600-609.
26. Byrd JB, Zeng C, Tavel HM, et al. Combination therapy as initial treatment for newly diagnosed hypertension. Am Heart J. 2011;162:340-346.
27. Brown MJ, McInnes GT, Papst CC, et al. Aliskiren and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine combination as an initial treatment strategy for hypertension control (ACCELERATE): a randomised, parallel-group trial. Lancet. 2011;377:312-320.
28. Corrao G, Nicotra F, Parodi A, et al. Cardiovascular protection by initial and subsequent combination of antihypertensive drugs in daily life practice. Hypertension. 2011;58:566-572.
29. Gradman AH, Parisé H, Lefebvre P, et al. Initial combination therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: a matched cohort study. Hypertension. 2013;61:309-318.
30. Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, et al. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2007;120:713-719.
31. Gupta AK, Arshad S, Poulter NR. Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents: a metaanalysis. Hypertension. 2010;55:399-407.
32. Naderi SH, Bestwick JP, Wald DS. Adherence to drugs that prevent cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis on 376,162 patients. Am J Med. 2012;125:882-887.
33. Corrao G, Parodi A, Zambon A, et al. Reduced discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment by two-drug combination as first step. Evidence from daily life practice. J Hypertens. 2010;28:1584-1590.
34. Egan BM, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaftman SR, et al. Initial monotherapy and combination therapy and hypertension control the first year. Hypertension. 2012;59:1124-1131.
35. Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1635-1701.
36. Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet. 1990;335:827-838.
37. Mancia G, Grassi G, Zanchetti A. New-onset diabetes and antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens. 2006;24:3-10.
38. Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network metaanalysis. Lancet. 2007;369:201-207.
39. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1787-1847.
40. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;370:829-840.
41. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008;357:1887-1898.
42. Marazzi G, Volterrani M, Caminiti G, et al. Effectiveness of nebivolol and hydrochlorothiazide association on blood pressure, glucose, and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients. Adv Ther. 2010;27:655-664.
43. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet. 1998;351:1755-1762.
44. Haria M, Plosker GL, Markham A. Felodipine/metoprolol: a review of the fixed dose controlled release formulation in the management of essential hypertension. Drugs. 2000;59:141-157.
45. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet. 1997;350:757-764.
46. Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM, et al, for the INVEST Invetigators. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;290:2805-2816.
47. Dahlöf B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:895-906.
48. Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, et al, for the ACCOMPLISH trial investigators. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2417-2428.
49. Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Matsui K, et al, for the OlmeSartan and Calcium Antagonists Randomized (OSCAR) Study Group. Angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy in Japanese elderly, high-risk, hypertensive patients. Am J Med. 2012;125:981-990.
50. Sierra C, de la Sierra A. Antihypertensive, cardiovascular, and pleiotropic effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2005;14:435-441.
51. de la Sierra A. Renin-angiotensin system blockade and reduction of cardiovascular risk: future perspectives. Exp Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2011;9:1585-1591.
52. The CAFE Investigators, for the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) Investigators. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113:1213-1225.
53. Boutouyrie P, Achouba A, Trunet P, Laurent S, for the EXPLOR Trialist Group. Amlodipine-valsartan combination decreases central systolic blood pressure more effectively than the amlodipine-atenolol combination: the EXPLOR study. Hypertension. 2010;55:1314-1322.
54. de la Sierra A. Mitigation of calcium channel blocker-related oedema in hypertension by antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23:503-511.
55. Makani H, Bangalore S, Romero J, et al. Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema. Am J Med. 2011;124:128-135.
56. Martinez-Martin FJ, Rodriguez-Rosas H, Peiro-Martinez I, et al. Olmesartan/amlodipine vs olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: the OLAS study. J Hum Hypertens. 2011;25:346-353.
57. Roca-Cusachs A, Torres F, Horas M, et al. Nitrendipine and enalapril combination therapy in mild to moderate hypertension: assessment of dose-response relationship by a clinical trial of factorial design. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;38:840-849.
58. de la Sierra A, Gil-Extremera B, Calvo C, et al. Comparison of the antihypertensive effects of the fixed dose combination enalapril 10 mg/nitrendipine 20 mg vs losartan 50 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, in essential hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18:215-222.
59. Marín-Iranzo R, de la Sierra-Iserte A, Roca-Cusachs A, et al. Double blind study of the efficacy and safety of the fixed dose combination of enalapril 10 mg/nitrendipine 20 mg versus the increase of amlopidine dose in essential hypertensive patients not controlled with amlodipine 5 mg. Rev Clin Esp. [In Spanish] 2005;205:418-424.
60. Roca-Cusachs A, Schmieder RE, Triposkiadis F, et al. Efficacy of manidipine/delapril versus losartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed combinations in patients with hypertension and diabetes. J Hypertens. 2008;26:813-818.
61. Kohlmann O Jr, Roca-Cusachs A, Laurent S, et al. Fixed-dose manidipine/delapril versus losartan/hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Adv Ther. 2009;26:313-324.
62. Agrawal R, Marx A, Haller H. Efficacy and safety of lercanidipine versus hydrochlorothiazide as add-on to enalapril in diabetic populations with uncontrolled hypertension. J Hypertens. 2006;24:185-192.
63. Puig JG, Calvo C, Luurila O, et al. Lercanidipine, enalapril and their combination in the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients: placebocontrolled, randomized, crossover study with four ABPM. J Hum Hypertens. 2007;21:917-924.
64. Philipp T, Smith TR, Glazer R, et al. Two multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Clin Ther. 2007;29:563-580.
65. Poldermans D, Glazes R, Kargiannis S, et al. Tolerability and blood pressure-lowering efficacy of the combination of amlodipine plus valsartan compared with lisinopril plus hydrochlorothiazide in adult patients with stage 2 hypertension. Clin Ther. 2007;29:279-289.
66. Brachmann J, Ansari A, Mahla G, et al. Effective and safe reduction of blood pressure with the combination of amlodipine 5 mg and valsartan 160 mg in hypertensive patients not controlled by calcium channel blocker monotherapy. Adv Ther. 2008;25:399-411.
67. Schunkert H, Glazer RD, Wernsing M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine/valsartan combination therapy in hypertensive patients not adequately controlled on amlodipine monotherapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25:2655-2662.
68. Fogari R, Mugellini A, Preti P et al. Valsartan addition to amlodipine is more effective than losartan addition in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled by amlodipine. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6:87-93.
69. Karpov Y, Dongre N, Vigdorchik A, et al. Amlodipine/valsartan single-pill combination: a prospective, observational evaluation of the real-life safety and effectiveness in the routine treatment of hypertension. Adv Ther. 2012;29:134-147.
70. Chrysant SG, Melino M, Karki S, et al. The combination of olmesartan medoxomil and amlodipine besylate in controlling high blood pressure: COACH, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week factorial efficacy and safety study. Clin Ther. 2008;30:587-604.
71. Barrios V, Brommer P, Haag U, Calderón A, Escobar C. Olmesartan medoxomil plus amlodipine increases efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension after monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre study. Clin Drug Invest. 2009;29:427-439.
72. Bramlage P, Wolf WP, Stuhr T, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of olmesartan and amlodipine in clinical practice. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;6:803-811.
73. Ma L, Wang W, Zhao Y, et al. Combination of amlodipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker or diuretics in high-risk hypertensive patients: a 96-week efficacy and safety study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2012;12:137-142.
74. Neutel JM, Mancia G, Black HR, et al, on behalf of the TEAMSTA Severe HTN Study Investigators. Single-pill combination of telmisartan/amlodipine in patients with severe hypertension: results from the TEAMSTA severe HTN study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:206-215.
75. Schmieder RE, Philipp T, Guerediaga J, et al. Long-term antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the oral direct renin inhibitor aliskiren: a 12-month randomized, double-blind comparator trial with hydrochlorothiazide. Circulation. 2009;119:417-425.
76. Glorioso N, Thomas M, Troffa C, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of aliskiren/amlodipine single-pill combinations in patients with an inadequate response to aliskiren monotherapy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2012;10:748-755.
77. Calhoun DA, Lacourcière Y, Chiang YT, et al. Triple antihypertensive therapy with amlodipine, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide: a randomized clinical trial. Hypertension. 2009;54:32-39.
78. Oparil S, Melino M, Lee J, Fernandez V, et al. Triple therapy with olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate, and hydrochlorothiazide in adult patients with hypertension: The TRINITY multicenter, randomized, double-blind, 12-week, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2010;32:1252-1269.
79. Wright RF, Duprez D, Purkayastha D, et al. Combination angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB)/calcium channel blocker with HCTZ vs the maximal recommended dose of an ARB with HCTZ in patients with stage 2 hypertension: the exforge as compared to losartan treatment in stage 2 systolic hypertension (EXALT) study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:588-597.
80. Neutel J, Shojaee A, Maa JF. Efficacy of amlodipine/ olmesartan ± hydrochlorothiazide in patients uncontrolled on prior calcium channel blocker or angiotensin II receptor blocker monotherapy. Adv Ther. 2012;29:508-523.
81. Lacourcière Y, Taddei S, Konis G, et al. Clinic and ambulatory blood pressure lowering effect of aliskiren/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide combination in patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension: a randomized active-controlled trial. J Hypertens. 2012;30:2047-2055.
82. de la Sierra A, Barrios V. Blood pressure control with angiotensin receptor blocker-based three-drug combinations: key trials. Adv Ther. 2012;29:401-415.