Physical exercise and Parkinson's disease: Influence on symptoms, disease course and prevention

Reviews in the Neurosciences

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 139-152

  Grazina, Rita ^a   Massano, João ^a,b  

^a University of Porto   (Portugal)

^b Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Disease modifying therapy; Disease progression; Neuroprotective effects; Parkinson disease; Physical exercise; Risk factor; Treatment

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE;

AEROBIC CAPACITY; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COLON CANCER; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DANCING; DISEASE COURSE; DYNAMIC EXERCISE; ENDURANCE TRAINING; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; EXTENSOR MUSCLE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; IMMOBILIZATION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MEDLINE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK REDUCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; TAI CHI; UNIFIED PARKINSON DISEASE RATING SCALE;

EID: 84877958222     PISSN: 03341763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2012-0087     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Aerts, M.B., Abdo, W.F., and Bloem, B.R. (2011). The " bicycle sign " for atypical parkinsonism. Lancet 377, 125-126.
2. Ahlskog, J.E. (2011). Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? Neurology 77, 288-294.
3. Ahlskog, J. and Uitti, R. (2010). Rasagiline, Parkinson neuroprotection and delayed-start trials. Neurology 74, 1143-1148.
4. Allen, N.E., Canning, C.G., Sherrington, C., Lord, S.R., Latt, M.D., Close, J.C., O'Rourke, S.D., Murray, S.M., and Fung, V.S. (2010). The effects of an exercise program on fall risk factors in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Mov. Disord. 25, 1217-1225.
5. Ascherio, A., Zhang, S.M., Hernan, M.A., Kawachi, I., Colditz, G.A., Speizer, F.E., and Willett, W.C. (2001). Prospective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Ann. Neurol. 50, 56-63.
6. Ayan, C. and Cancela, J. (2012). Feasibility of 2 different water-based exercise training programs in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 93, 1709-1714.
7. Blandini, F., Fancellu, R., Martignoni, E., Mangiagalli, A., Pacchetti, C., Samuele, A., and Nappi, G. (2001). Plasma homocysteine and l-dopa metabolism in patients with Parkinson disease. Clin. Chem. 47, 1102-1104. (Pubitemid 32493598)
8. Brainin, M., Barnes, M., Baron, J., Gilhus, N., Hughes, R., Selmaj, K., and Waldemar, G. (2004). Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines and EFNS scientific task forces-revised recommendations 2004. Eur. J. Neurol. 11, 577-581. (Pubitemid 39279947)
9. Bronstein, J., Carvey, P., Chen, H., Cory-Slechta, D., DiMonte, D., Duda, J., English, P., Goldman, S., Grate, S., Hansen, J., et al. (2009). Meeting report: consensus statement-Parkinson's disease and the environment: collaborative on health and the environment and Parkinson's Action Network (CHE PAN) conference 26-28 June 2007. Environ. Health Perspect. 117, 117-121.
10. Calabresi, P., Di Filippo, M., Ghiglieri, V., Tambasco, N., and Picconi, B. (2010). Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease: filling the bench-to-bedside gap. Lancet Neurol. 9, 1106-1117.
11. Chaudhuri, K.R., Healy, D.G., and Schapira, A.H. (2006). Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol. 5, 235-245. (Pubitemid 43238347)
12. Chen, H., Zhang, S.M., Schwarzschild, M.A., Hernan, M.A., and Ascherio, A. (2005). Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 64, 664-669. (Pubitemid 40261895)
13. Chudyk, A. and Petrella, R.J. (2011). Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 34, 1228-1237.
14. Clarke, C. (2008). Are delayed-start design trials to show neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease fundamentally flawed? Mov. Disord. 23, 784-789.
15. Combs, S.A., Diehl, M.D., Staples, W.H., Conn, L., Davis, K., Lewis, N., and Schaneman, K. (2011). Boxing training for patients with Parkinson disease: a case series. Phys. Ther. 91, 132-142.
16. Cruise, K.E., Bucks, R.S., Loftus, A.M., Newton, R.U., Pegoraro, R., and Thomas, M.G. (2011). Exercise and Parkinson's: benefits for cognition and quality of life. Acta Neurol. Scand. 123, 13-19.
17. D'Agostino, R. (2009). The delayed-start study design. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 1303-1306.
18. Dibble, L.E., Hale, T.F., Marcus, R.L., Droge, J., Gerber, J.P., and LaStayo, P.C. (2006). High-intensity resistance training amplifies muscle hypertrophy and functional gains in persons with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1444-1452. (Pubitemid 44613298)
19. Dietz, V. and Duysens, J. (2000). Significance of load receptor input during locomotion: a review. Gait Posture 11, 102-110. (Pubitemid 30169268)
20. Duncan, R.P. and Earhart, G.M. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of community-based dancing to modify disease progression in Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 26, 132-143.
21. Dutra, M.F., Jaeger, M., Ilha, J., Kalil-Gaspar, P.I., Marcuzzo, S., and Achaval, M. (2012). Exercise improves motor deficits and alters striatal GFAP expression in a 6-OHDA-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurol. Sci. 33, 1137-1144.
22. Ene, H., McRae, C., and Schenkman M. (2011). Attitudes toward exercise following participation in an exercise interventin study. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 35, 34-40.
23. Filippin, N.T., da Costa, P.H., and Mattioli, R. (2010). Effects of treadmill-walking training with additional body load on quality of life in subjects with Parkinson's disease. Rev. Bras. Fisioter. 14, 344-350.
24. Fisher, B.E., Wu, A.D., Salem, G.J., Song, J., Lin, C.H., Yip, J., Cen, S., Gordon, J., Jakowec, M., and Petzinger, G. (2008). The effect of exercise training in improving motor performance and corticomotor excitability in people with early Parkinson's disease. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 89, 1221-1229. (Pubitemid 351884995)
25. Fredriksson, A., Stigsdotter, I.M., Hurtig, A., Ewalds-Kvist, B., and Archer, T. (2011). Running wheel activity restores MPTP-induced functional deficits. J. Neural Transm. 118, 407-420.
26. Frenkel-Toledo, S., Giladi, N., Peretz, C., Herman, T., Gruendlinger, L., and Hausdorff, J.M. (2005). Treadmill walking as an external pacemaker to improve gait rhythm and stability in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 20, 1109-1114. (Pubitemid 41632196)
27. Gobbi, L.T., Oliveira-Ferreira, M.D., Caetano, M.J., Lirani-Silva, E., Barbieri, F.A., Stella, F., and Gobbi, S. (2009). Exercise programs improve mobility and balance in people with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 15 (Suppl. 3), S49-52.
28. Gorton, L.M., Vuckovic, M.G., Vertelkina, N., Petzinger, G.M., Jakowec, M.W., and Wood, R.I. (2010). Exercise effects on motor and affective behavior and catecholamine neurochemistry in the MPTP-lesioned mouse. Behav. Brain Res. 213, 253-262.
29. Hackney, M.E. and Earhart, G.M. (2009a). Health-related quality of life and alternative forms of exercise in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 15, 644-648.
30. Hackney, M.E. and Earhart, G.M. (2009b). Short duration, intensive tango dancing for Parkinson disease: an uncontrolled pilot study. Complement. Ther. Med. 17, 203-207.
31. Hackney, M.E. and Earhart, G.M. (2010). Effects of dance on balance and gait in severe Parkinson disease: a case study. Disabil. Rehabil. 32, 679-684.
32. Hallal, P.C., Andersen, L.B., Bull, F.C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., and Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet 380, 247-257.
33. Hamer, M. and Chida, Y. (2009). Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: a systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol. Med. 39, 3-11.
34. Hass, C.J., Buckley, T.A., Pitsikoulis, C., and Barthelemy, E.J. (2012). Progressive resistance training improves gait initiation in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 35, 669-673.
35. Hernan, M.A., Takkouche, B., Caamano-Isorna, F., and Gestal-Otero, J.J. (2002). A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 52, 276-284. (Pubitemid 35001493)
36. Hinman, R.S., Heywood, S.E., and Day, A.R. (2007). Aquatic physical therapy for hip and knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Phys. Ther. 87, 32-43. (Pubitemid 46048009)
37. Katsura, Y., Yoshikawa, T., Ueda, S.Y., Usui, T., Sotobayashi, D., Nakao, H., Sakamoto, H., Okumoto, T., and Fujimoto, S. (2010). Effects of aquatic exercise training using water-resistance equipment in elderly. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 108, 957-964.
38. Kim, I.S., Chung, S.H., Park, Y.J., and Kang, H.Y. (2012). The effectiveness of an aquarobic exercise program for patients with osteoarthritis. Appl. Nurs. Res. 25, 181-189.
39. Lau, Y.S., Patki, G., Das-Panja, K., Le, W.D., and Ahmad, S.O. (2011). Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of exercise in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease with moderate neurodegeneration. Eur. J. Neurosci. 33, 1264-1274.
40. Lee, M.S., Lam, P., and Ernst, E. (2008). Effectiveness of tai chi for Parkinson's disease: a critical review. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 14, 589-594.
41. Lee, I.M., Shiroma, E.J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S.N., and Katzmarzyk, P.T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 380, 219-229.
42. Li, F., Harmer, P., Fitzgerald, K., Eckstrom, E., Stock, R., Galver, J., Maddalozzo, G., and Batya, S.S. (2012). Tai chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 511-519.
43. Liu, Y., Hu, F., Li, D., Wang, F., Zhu, L., Chen, W., Ge, J., An, R., and Zhao, Y. (2011). Does physical activity reduce the risk of prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Urol. 60, 1029-1044.
44. Logroscino, G., Sesso, H.D., Paffenbarger, R.S. Jr., and Lee, I.M. (2006). Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 77, 1318-1322. (Pubitemid 44851986)
45. Mabandla, M.V., Kellaway, L.A., Daniels, W.M., and Russell, V.A. (2009). Effect of exercise on dopamine neuron survival in prenatally stressed rats. Metab. Brain Dis. 24, 525-539.
46. Massano, J. (2011). [Parkinson's disease: a clinical update]. Acta Med. Port. 24 (Suppl. 4), 827-834.
47. Massano, J. and Bhatia, K.P. (2012). Clinical approach to Parkinson's disease: features, diagnosis, and principles of management. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2, a008870.
48. Meireles, J. and Massano, J. (2012). Cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Front. Neurol. 3, 88.
49. Monchi, O., Petrides, M., Doyon, J., Postuma, R.B., Worsley, K., and Dagher, A. (2004). Neural bases of set-shifting deficits in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurosci. 24, 702-710. (Pubitemid 38166496)
50. Morris, M.E., Iansek, R., and Kirkwood, B. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of movement strategies compared with exercise for people with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 24, 64-71.
51. Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E.B., Willett, W.C., and Hu, F.B. (2011). Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 2392-2404.
52. Muller, T. and Muhlack, S. (2010). Effect of exercise on reactivity and motor behaviour in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 81, 747-753.
53. Nascimento, C.M., Stella, F., Garlipp, C.R., Santos, R.F., Gobbi, S., and Gobbi, L.T. (2011). Serum homocysteine and physical exercise in patients with Parkinson's disease. Psychogeriatrics 11, 105-112.
54. Olanow, C., Rascol O., Hauser, R., Feigin, P., Jankovis, J., Lang, A., Langston, W., Melamed, E., Powew, W., Stocchi, F. et al. (2009). A double-blind, delayed-start trial of rasagiline in Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 1268-1278.
55. Ploeger, B. and Holford, N. (2009). Washout and delayed start designs for identifying disease modifying effects in slowly progressive diseases using disease progression analysis. Pharmaceut. Statist. 8, 225-238.
56. Pothakos, K., Kurz, M.J., and Lau, Y.S. (2009). Restorative effect of endurance exercise on behavioral deficits in the chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease with severe neurodegeneration. BMC Neurosci. 10, 6.
57. Rafeeyan, Z., Azarbarzin, M., Moosa, F.M., and Hasanzadeh, A. (2010). Effect of aquatic exercise on the multiple sclerosis patients'quality of life. Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 15, 43-47.
58. Reuter, I., Mehnert, S., Leone, P., Kaps, M., Oechsner, M., and Engelhardt, M. (2011). Effects of a flexibility and relaxation programme, walking, and nordic walking on Parkinson's disease. J. Aging Res. 2011, 232473.
59. Ridgel, A.L., Kim, C.H., Fickes, E.J., Muller, M.D., and Alberts, J.L. (2011). Changes in executive function after acute bouts of passive cycling in Parkinson's disease. J. Aging Phys. Act. 19, 87-98.
60. Rodrigues de Paula, F., Teixeira-Salmela, L.F., Coelho de Morais Faria, C.D., Rocha de Brito, P., and Cardoso, F. (2006). Impact of an exercise program on physical, emotional, and social aspects of quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 21, 1073-1077. (Pubitemid 44336589)
61. Schlesinger, I. and Schlesinger, N. (2008). Uric acid in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 23, 1653-1657.
62. Schmitz-Hubsch, T., Pyfer, D., Kielwein, K., Fimmers, R., Klockgether, T., and Wullner, U. (2006). Qigong exercise for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Mov. Disord., 21, 543-548.
63. Seshadri, S. and Wolf, P.A. (2003). Homocysteine and the brain: vascular risk factor or neurotoxin? Lancet Neurol. 2, 11. (Pubitemid 37443337)
64. Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Selhub, J., Jacques, P.F., Rosenberg, I.H., D'Agostino, R.B., Wilson, P.W., and Wolf, P.A. (2002). Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 476-483. (Pubitemid 34441738)
65. Silva, L.E., Valim, V., Pessanha, A.P., Oliveira, L.M., Myamoto, S., Jones, A., and Natour, J. (2008). Hydrotherapy versus conventional land-based exercise for the management of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Phys. Ther. 88, 12-21.
66. Snijders, A.H. and Bloem, B.R. (2010). Images in clinical medicine. Cycling for freezing of gait. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, e46.
67. Snijders, A.H., Toni, I., Ruzicka, E., and Bloem, B.R. (2011). Bicycling breaks the ice for freezers of gait. Mov. Disord. 26, 367-371.
68. Stocchi, F., Jenner, P., and Obeso, J.A. (2010). When do levodopa motor fluctuations first appear in Parkinson's disease? Eur. Neurol. 63, 257-266.
69. Tanaka, K., Quadros, A.C. Jr., Santos, R.F., Stella, F., Gobbi, L.T., and Gobbi, S. (2009). Benefits of physical exercise on executive functions in older people with Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn. 69, 435-441.
70. Thacker, E.L., Chen, H., Patel, A.V., McCullough, M.L., Calle, E.E., Thun, M.J., Schwarzschild, M.A., and Ascherio, A. (2008). Recreational physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 23, 69-74. (Pubitemid 351281220)
71. Thorogood, A., Mottillo, S., Shimony, A., Filion, K.B., Joseph, L., Genest, J., Pilote, L., Poirier, P., Schiffrin, E.L., and Eisenberg, M.J. (2011). Isolated aerobic exercise and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Med. 124, 747-755.
72. Thune, I., Brenn, T., Lund, E., and Gaard, M. (1997). Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1269-1275. (Pubitemid 27187779)
73. Tieu, K. (2011). A guide to neurotoxic animal models of Parkinson's disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 1, a009316.
74. Tomlinson, C., Patel, S., Meek, C., Clarke, C., Stowe, R., Shah, L., Sackley, C., Deane, K., Herd, C., Wheatley, K. et al. (2012a). Physiotherapy versus placebo or no intervention in Parkinson's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 8, CD002817.
75. Tomlinson, C., Patel, S., Meek, C., Herd, C., Clarke, C., Stowe, R., Shah, L., Sackley, C., Deane, K., Wheatley, K. et al. (2012b). Physiotherapy intervention in Parkinson's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. Med. J. 345, e5004.
76. Truong, L., Allbutt, H., Kassiou, M., and Henderson, J.M. (2006). Developing a preclinical model of Parkinson's disease: a study of behaviour in rats with graded 6-OHDA lesions. Behav. Brain. Res. 169, 1-9. (Pubitemid 43277465)
77. Umpierre, D., Ribeiro, P.A., Kramer, C.K., Leitao, C.B., Zucatti, A.T., Azevedo, M.J., Gross, J.L., Ribeiro, J.P., and Schaan, B.D. (2011). Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 305, 1790-1799.
78. Verhagen, A.P., Immink, M., van der Meulen, A., and Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M. (2004). The efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan in older adults: a systematic review. Fam. Pract. 21, 107-113. (Pubitemid 38247747)
79. Vivas, J., Arias, P., and Cudeiro, J. (2011). Aquatic therapy versus conventional land-based therapy for Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 92, 1202-1210.
80. Vuckovic, M.G., Li, Q., Fisher, B., Nacca, A., Leahy, R.M., Walsh, J.P., Mukherjee, J., Williams, C., Jakowec, M.W., and Petzinger, G.M. (2010). Exercise elevates dopamine D2 receptor in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease: in vivo imaging with [(1)(8)F] fallypride. Mov. Disord. 25, 2777-2784.
81. Wang, C., Collet, J.P., and Lau, J. (2004). The effect of Tai Chi on health outcomes in patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review. Arch. Intern. Med. 164, 493-501. (Pubitemid 38314444)
82. WHO. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health (Geneva: World Health Organization).
83. Wirdefeldt, K., Adami, H.O., Cole, P., Trichopoulos, D., and Mandel, J. (2011). Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 26 Suppl 1, S1-58.
84. Wolin, K.Y., Yan, Y., and Colditz, G.A. (2011). Physical activity and risk of colon adenoma: a meta-analysis. Br. J. Cancer 104, 882-885.
85. Xu, Q., Park, Y., Huang, X., Hollenbeck, A., Blair, A., Schatzkin, A., and Chen, H. (2010). Physical activities and future risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 75, 341-348.
86. Yogev-Seligmann, G., Hausdorff, J.M., and Giladi, N. (2008). The role of executive function and attention in gait. Mov. Disord. 23, 329-342, quiz 472.
87. Yogev-Seligmann, G., Giladi, N., Brozgol, M., and Hausdorff, J.M. (2012). A training program to improve gait while dual tasking in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 93, 176-181.
88. Yousefi, B., Tadibi, V., Khoei, A.F., and Montazeri, A. (2009). Exercise therapy, quality of life, and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson disease: a small scale quasi-randomised trial. Trials 10, 67.