메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 241-249

Treatments for mitochondrial dysfunction associated with autism spectrum disorders

Author keywords

Autism spectrum disorder; mitochondrial disease; oxidative stress; treatment

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BIOTIN; CARNITINE; CREATINE; FOLINIC ACID; LEVACECARNINE; MECOBALAMIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PLACEBO; PYRIDOXINE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE; THIOCTIC ACID; UBIDECARENONE;

EID: 84877868916     PISSN: 18795390     EISSN: 18795404     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JPB-120065     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 84857369274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Rossignol DA, Frye RE. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17: 290-314.
    • (2012) Mol Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 290-314
    • Rossignol, D.A.1    Frye, R.E.2
  • 2
    • 84877858167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker of abnormal energy metabolism in children with autism spectrum disorder
    • Frye RE. Biomarker of abnormal energy metabolism in children with autism spectrum disorder. N A J Med Sci 2012; 5: 141-147.
    • (2012) N A J Med Sci , vol.5 , pp. 141-147
    • Frye, R.E.1
  • 3
    • 78649758904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism
    • Giulivi C, Zhang YF, Omanska-Klusek A, et al.Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism. JAMA 2010; 304: 2389-2396.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 2389-2396
    • Giulivi, C.1    Zhang, Y.F.2    Omanska-Klusek, A.3
  • 4
    • 0034956801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and treatment of mitochondrial disorders
    • Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. Epidemiology and treatment of mitochondrial disorders. Am J Med Genet 2001; 106: 94-101.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.106 , pp. 94-101
    • Chinnery, P.F.1    Turnbull, D.M.2
  • 6
    • 55249086598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes regarding vaccination among practitioners of clinical biochemical genetics
    • Barshop B, Summar M. Attitudes regarding vaccination among practitioners of clinical biochemical genetics. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 95: 1-2.
    • (2008) Mol Genet Metab , vol.95 , pp. 1-2
    • Barshop, B.1    Summar, M.2
  • 8
    • 77950920383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fever plus mitochondrial disease could be risk factors for autistic regression
    • Shoffner J, Hyams L, Langley GN, et al. Fever plus mitochondrial disease could be risk factors for autistic regression. J Child Neurol 2010; 25: 429-434.
    • (2010) J Child Neurol , vol.25 , pp. 429-434
    • Shoffner, J.1    Hyams, L.2    Langley, G.N.3
  • 9
    • 33646830596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental regression and mitochondrial dysfunction in a child with autism
    • Poling JS, Frye RE, Shoffner J, Zimmerman AW. Developmental regression and mitochondrial dysfunction in a child with autism. J Child Neurol 2006; 21: 170-172.
    • (2006) J Child Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 170-172
    • Poling, J.S.1    Frye, R.E.2    Shoffner, J.3    Zimmerman, A.W.4
  • 10
    • 70350136445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modern approach to the treatment of mitochondrial disease
    • Parikh S, Saneto R, Falk MJ, et al. A modern approach to the treatment of mitochondrial disease. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2009; 11: 414-430.
    • (2009) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 414-430
    • Parikh, S.1    Saneto, R.2    Falk, M.J.3
  • 11
    • 41949092859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder: The results of a parent survey
    • Schultz ST, Klonoff-Cohen HS, Wingard DL, Akshoomoff NA, Macera CA, Ji M. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder: the results of a parent survey. Autism 2008; 12: 293-307.
    • (2008) Autism , vol.12 , pp. 293-307
    • Schultz, S.T.1    Klonoff-Cohen, H.S.2    Wingard, D.L.3    Akshoomoff, N.A.4    MacEra, C.A.5    Ji, M.6
  • 12
    • 74049135015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did acetaminophen provoke the autism epidemic?
    • Good P. Did acetaminophen provoke the autism epidemic? Altern Med Rev 2009; 14: 364-372.
    • (2009) Altern Med Rev , vol.14 , pp. 364-372
    • Good, P.1
  • 13
    • 7544222053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: Role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Hinson JA, Reid AB, McCullough SS, James LP. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: role of metabolic activation, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition. Drug Metab Rev 2004; 36: 805-822.
    • (2004) Drug Metab Rev , vol.36 , pp. 805-822
    • Hinson, J.A.1    Reid, A.B.2    McCullough, S.S.3    James, L.P.4
  • 14
    • 84855892790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidant stress, mitochondria, and cell death mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury: Lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
    • Jaeschke H, McGill MR, Ramachandran A. Oxidant stress, mitochondria, and cell death mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44: 88-106.
    • (2012) Drug Metab Rev , vol.44 , pp. 88-106
    • Jaeschke, H.1    McGill, M.R.2    Ramachandran, A.3
  • 15
    • 0029889790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies presenting with features of autonomic and visceral dysfunction
    • Zelnik N, Axelrod FB, Leshinsky E,GriebelML,Kolodny EH. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies presenting with features of autonomic and visceral dysfunction. Pediatr Neurol 1996; 14: 251-254.
    • (1996) Pediatr Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 251-254
    • Zelnik, N.1    Axelrod, F.B.2    Leshinsky, E.3    Griebel, M.L.4    Kolodny, E.H.5
  • 16
    • 53249131271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease
    • Neustadt J, Pieczenik SR. Medication-induced mitochondrial damage and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52: 780-788.
    • (2008) Mol Nutr Food Res , vol.52 , pp. 780-788
    • Neustadt, J.1    Pieczenik, S.R.2
  • 17
    • 84255167255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity of antiepileptic drugs and their tolerability in mitochondrial disorders
    • Finsterer J, Zarrouk Mahjoub S. Mitochondrial toxicity of antiepileptic drugs and their tolerability in mitochondrial disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8: 71-79.
    • (2012) Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 71-79
    • Finsterer, J.1    Zarrouk Mahjoub, S.2
  • 18
    • 77953096933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antiepileptic drugs on mitochondrial activity: A pilot study
    • Berger I, Segal I, Shmueli D, Saada A. The effect of antiepileptic drugs on mitochondrial activity: A pilot study. J Child Neurol 2010; 25: 541-545.
    • (2010) J Child Neurol , vol.25 , pp. 541-545
    • Berger, I.1    Segal, I.2    Shmueli, D.3    Saada, A.4
  • 19
    • 10644283824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical and anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial dysfunction
    • Edmonds JL, Jr. Surgical and anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion 2004; 4: 543-548.
    • (2004) Mitochondrion , vol.4 , pp. 543-548
    • Edmonds Jr., J.L.1
  • 20
    • 77955290804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome
    • Lim S, Cho YM, Park KS, Lee HK. Persistent organic pollutants, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1201: 166-176.
    • (2010) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.1201 , pp. 166-176
    • Lim, S.1    Cho, Y.M.2    Park, K.S.3    Lee, H.K.4
  • 21
    • 0033946867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental medicine, part three: Long-term effects of chronic low-dose mercury exposure
    • Crinnion WJ. Environmental medicine, part three: long-term effects of chronic low-dose mercury exposure. Altern Med Rev 2000; 5: 209-223.
    • (2000) Altern Med Rev , vol.5 , pp. 209-223
    • Crinnion, W.J.1
  • 22
    • 65649140077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and biochemical changes of the cardiovascular system due to smoking exposure
    • Armani C, Landini L, Jr., Leone A. Molecular and biochemical changes of the cardiovascular system due to smoking exposure. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15: 1038-1053.
    • (2009) Curr Pharm des , vol.15 , pp. 1038-1053
    • Armani, C.1    Landini Jr., L.2    Leone, A.3
  • 23
    • 33947275361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in vascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction
    • Houston MC. The role of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in vascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. Altern Ther Health Med 2007; 13: S128-133.
    • (2007) Altern Ther Health Med , vol.13
    • Houston, M.C.1
  • 24
    • 33645762968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative oral toxicity of coenzyme Q10 and its (2Z)-isomer in rats: Single and four-week repeated dose toxicity studies
    • Hatakeyama S, Kawase S, Yoshimura I. Comparative oral toxicity of coenzyme Q10 and its (2Z)-isomer in rats: single and four-week repeated dose toxicity studies. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2006; 52: 9-20.
    • (2006) J Nutr Sci Vitaminol , vol.52 , pp. 9-20
    • Hatakeyama, S.1    Kawase, S.2    Yoshimura, I.3
  • 25
    • 56249128541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10 with or without L-dopa in rotenoneinduced parkinsonism
    • Abdin AA, Hamouda HE. Mechanism of the neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10 with or without L-dopa in rotenoneinduced parkinsonism. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55: 1340- 1346.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.55 , pp. 1340-1346
    • Abdin, A.A.1    Hamouda, H.E.2
  • 26
    • 84856239775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) prevents renal mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes
    • Sourris KC, Harcourt BE, Tang PH, et al. Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) prevents renal mitochondrial dysfunction in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52: 716-723.
    • (2012) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.52 , pp. 716-723
    • Sourris, K.C.1    Harcourt, B.E.2    Tang, P.H.3
  • 27
    • 33845232634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leigh syndrome with nephropathy and CoQ10 deficiency due to decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2)mutations
    • Lopez LC, Schuelke M, Quinzii CM, et al. Leigh syndrome with nephropathy and CoQ10 deficiency due to decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 2 (PDSS2)mutations. AmJ Med Genet 2006; 79: 1125-1129.
    • (2006) AmJ Med Genet , vol.79 , pp. 1125-1129
    • Lopez, L.C.1    Schuelke, M.2    Quinzii, C.M.3
  • 28
    • 33644921803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy
    • Horvath R, Schneiderat P, Schoser BG, et al. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy. Neurology 2006; 66: 253- 255.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 253-255
    • Horvath, R.1    Schneiderat, P.2    Schoser, B.G.3
  • 29
    • 33846446004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle coenzyme Q10 deficiencies in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1
    • Le Ber I, Dubourg O, Benoist JF, et al. Muscle coenzyme Q10 deficiencies in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 1. Neurology 2007; 68: 295-297.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 295-297
    • Le Ber, I.1    Dubourg, O.2    Benoist, J.F.3
  • 30
    • 0037426430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar ataxia and coenzyme Q10 deficiency
    • Lamperti C, Naini A, Hirano M, et al. Cerebellar ataxia and coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Neurology 2003; 60: 1206-1208.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1206-1208
    • Lamperti, C.1    Naini, A.2    Hirano, M.3
  • 31
    • 56049088295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin e deficiency in Friedreich's ataxia: Predictor of efficacy of vitamin e and coenzyme Q10 therapy
    • Cooper JM, Korlipara LV, Hart PE, Bradley JL, Schapira AH. Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E deficiency in Friedreich's ataxia: predictor of efficacy of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 therapy. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 1371-1379.
    • (2008) Eur J Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 1371-1379
    • Cooper, J.M.1    Korlipara, L.V.2    Hart, P.E.3    Bradley, J.L.4    Schapira, A.H.5
  • 32
    • 78650034161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired coenzyme Q10 deficiency in children with recurrent food intolerance and allergies
    • Miles MV, Putnam PE, Miles L, et al. Acquired coenzyme Q10 deficiency in children with recurrent food intolerance and allergies. Mitochondrion 2011; 11: 127-135.
    • (2011) Mitochondrion , vol.11 , pp. 127-135
    • Miles, M.V.1    Putnam, P.E.2    Miles, L.3
  • 33
    • 0242485408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ahypothalamic digoxin-mediatedmodel for autism
    • KurupRK,Kurup PA.Ahypothalamic digoxin-mediatedmodel for autism. Int J Neurosci 2003; 113: 1537-1559.
    • (2003) Int J Neurosci , vol.113 , pp. 1537-1559
    • Kurup, R.K.1    Kurup, P.A.2
  • 34
    • 0022645911 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with coenzyme Q10
    • Ogasahara S, Nishikawa Y, Yorifuji S, et al. Treatment of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with coenzyme Q10. Neurology 1986; 36: 45-53.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 45-53
    • Ogasahara, S.1    Nishikawa, Y.2    Yorifuji, S.3
  • 37
    • 0035103186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine protects mitochondria and removes toxic acyls from xenobiotics
    • Arrigoni-Martelli E, Caso V. Carnitine protects mitochondria and removes toxic acyls from xenobiotics. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2001; 27: 27-49.
    • (2001) Drugs Exp Clin Res , vol.27 , pp. 27-49
    • Arrigoni-Martelli, E.1    Caso, V.2
  • 38
    • 84860668300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of carnitine in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies with carnitine supplementation and carnitine deficiency
    • Ringseis R,Keller J, Eder K. Role of carnitine in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies with carnitine supplementation and carnitine deficiency. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51: 1-18.
    • (2012) Eur J Nutr , vol.51 , pp. 1-18
    • Ringseis Rkeller, J.1    Eder, K.2
  • 39
    • 80052543705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by carnitine via reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction
    • Jun DW, Cho WK, Jun JH, et al. Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by carnitine via reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. Liver Int 2011; 31: 1315-1324.
    • (2011) Liver Int , vol.31 , pp. 1315-1324
    • Jun, D.W.1    Cho, W.K.2    Jun, J.H.3
  • 40
    • 79951775623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by acetyl-L-carnitine after traumatic injury to the immature rat brain
    • Scafidi S, Racz J, Hazelton J, McKenna MC, Fiskum G. Neuroprotection by acetyl-L-carnitine after traumatic injury to the immature rat brain. Dev Neurosci 2010; 32: 480-487.
    • (2010) Dev Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 480-487
    • Scafidi, S.1    Racz, J.2    Hazelton, J.3    McKenna, M.C.4    Fiskum, G.5
  • 41
    • 77953294755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetyl- L-carnitine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction following contusion spinal cord injury
    • Patel SP, Sullivan PG, Lyttle TS, Rabchevsky AG. Acetyl- L-carnitine ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction following contusion spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2010; 114: 291- 301.
    • (2010) J Neurochem , vol.114 , pp. 291-301
    • Patel, S.P.1    Sullivan, P.G.2    Lyttle, T.S.3    Rabchevsky, A.G.4
  • 42
    • 19944431628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creatine supplementation lowers brain glutamate levels inHuntington's disease
    • Bender A, Auer DP, Merl T, et al. Creatine supplementation lowers brain glutamate levels inHuntington's disease. JNeurol 2005; 252: 36-41.
    • (2005) JNeurol , vol.252 , pp. 36-41
    • Bender, A.1    Auer, D.P.2    Merl, T.3
  • 43
    • 49649129942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of creatine in neuromuscular and neurometabolic disorders
    • Tarnopolsky MA. Clinical use of creatine in neuromuscular and neurometabolic disorders. Subcell Biochem 2007; 46: 183-204.
    • (2007) Subcell Biochem , vol.46 , pp. 183-204
    • Tarnopolsky, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 34147171460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral energetic effects of creatine supplementation in humans
    • Pan JW, Takahashi K. Cerebral energetic effects of creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292: R1745-1750.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.292
    • Pan, J.W.1    Takahashi, K.2
  • 45
    • 36749030624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of creatine on oxidatively-injured mitochondrial and nuclear DNA
    • Guidi C, Potenza L, Sestili P, et al. Differential effect of creatine on oxidatively-injured mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1780: 16-26.
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1780 , pp. 16-26
    • Guidi, C.1    Potenza, L.2    Sestili, P.3
  • 46
    • 24344463478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creatine supplementation normalizes mutagenesis of mitochondrial DNA as well as functional consequences
    • Berneburg M, Gremmel T, Kurten V, et al. Creatine supplementation normalizes mutagenesis of mitochondrial DNA as well as functional consequences. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125: 213-220.
    • (2005) J Invest Dermatol , vol.125 , pp. 213-220
    • Berneburg, M.1    Gremmel, T.2    Kurten, V.3
  • 47
    • 0142074341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial
    • Rae C, Digney AL, McEwan SR, Bates TC. Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Proc Biol Sci 2003; 270: 2147-2150.
    • (2003) Proc Biol Sci , vol.270 , pp. 2147-2150
    • Rae, C.1    Digney, A.L.2    McEwan, S.R.3    Bates, T.C.4
  • 48
    • 77952959405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study
    • Banerjee B, Sharma U, Balasubramanian K, Kalaivani M, Kalra V, Jagannathan NR. Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28: 698-707.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.28 , pp. 698-707
    • Banerjee, B.1    Sharma, U.2    Balasubramanian, K.3    Kalaivani, M.4    Kalra, V.5    Jagannathan, N.R.6
  • 49
    • 2442697688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • TarnopolskyMA, Mahoney DJ, Vajsar J, et al. Creatine monohydrate enhances strength and body composition in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 2004; 62: 1771-1777.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1771-1777
    • Tarnopolsky, M.A.1    Mahoney, D.J.2    Vajsar, J.3
  • 50
    • 0343022262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creatine monohydrate in muscular dystrophies: A double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical study
    • Walter MC, Lochmuller H, Reilich P, et al. Creatine monohydrate in muscular dystrophies: A double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical study. Neurology 2000; 54: 1848-1850.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1848-1850
    • Walter, M.C.1    Lochmuller, H.2    Reilich, P.3
  • 51
    • 21844474016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CINRG randomized controlled trial of creatine and glutamine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    • Escolar DM, Buyse G, Henricson E, et al. CINRG randomized controlled trial of creatine and glutamine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2005; 58: 151-155.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 151-155
    • Escolar, D.M.1    Buyse, G.2    Henricson, E.3
  • 54
    • 0030731246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arandomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies
    • Tarnopolsky MA, Roy BD, MacDonald JR, Arandomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies, Muscle Nerve 1997; 20: 1502-1509.
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve , vol.20 , pp. 1502-1509
    • Tarnopolsky, M.A.1    Roy, B.D.2    MacDonald, J.R.3
  • 55
    • 20144387513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: A placebocontrolled, double-blind 31P-MRS crossover study
    • Kornblum C, Schroder R, Muller K, et al. Creatine has no beneficial effect on skeletal muscle energy metabolism in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions: A placebocontrolled, double-blind 31P-MRS crossover study. Eur JNeurol 2005; 12: 300-309.
    • (2005) Eur JNeurol , vol.12 , pp. 300-309
    • Kornblum, C.1    Schroder, R.2    Muller, K.3
  • 56
    • 62649107795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherited disorders affecting mitochondrial function are associated with glutathione deficiency and hypocitrullinemia
    • Atkuri KR, Cowan TM, Kwan T, et al. Inherited disorders affecting mitochondrial function are associated with glutathione deficiency and hypocitrullinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 3941-3945.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 3941-3945
    • Atkuri, K.R.1    Cowan, T.M.2    Kwan, T.3
  • 57
    • 53049094677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can we treat mitochondrial encephalomyopathies? Approaches to therapy
    • Horvath R, Gorman G, Chinnery PF. How can we treat mitochondrial encephalomyopathies? Approaches to therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2008; 5: 558-568.
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , pp. 558-568
    • Horvath, R.1    Gorman, G.2    Chinnery, P.F.3
  • 58
    • 71649095031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mitochondrial disorders
    • Finsterer J. Treatment of mitochondrial disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14: 29-44.
    • (2010) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 29-44
    • Finsterer, J.1
  • 59
    • 77957951383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial experiences with proton MR spectroscopy in treatment monitoring of mitochondrial encephalopathy
    • Lee SK, Kim J, Kim HD, Lee JS, Lee YM. Initial experiences with proton MR spectroscopy in treatment monitoring of mitochondrial encephalopathy. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51: 672-675.
    • (2010) Yonsei Med J , vol.51 , pp. 672-675
    • Lee, S.K.1    Kim, J.2    Kim, H.D.3    Lee, J.S.4    Lee, Y.M.5
  • 60
    • 42249111723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial diseases associated with cerebral folate deficiency
    • Garcia-Cazorla A, Quadros EV, Nascimento A, et al. Mitochondrial diseases associated with cerebral folate deficiency. Neurology 2008; 70: 1360-1362.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1360-1362
    • Garcia-Cazorla, A.1    Quadros, E.V.2    Nascimento, A.3
  • 61
    • 49549122729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyunsaturated fatty acids, carnitine and lactate as biological markers of brain energy in autistic children
    • Mostafa GA, El-Gamal HA, El-Wakkad ASE, El-Shorbagy OE, Hamza MM. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, carnitine and lactate as biological markers of brain energy in autistic children. Int J Child Neuropsychiatry 2005; 2: 179-188.
    • (2005) Int J Child Neuropsychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 179-188
    • Mostafa, G.A.1    El-Gamal, H.A.2    Ase, E.3    El-Shorbagy, O.E.4    Hamza, M.M.5
  • 63
    • 70349507306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel plasma phospholipid biomarkers of autism: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a putative causative mechanism
    • Pastural E, Ritchie S, Lu Y, et al. Novel plasma phospholipid biomarkers of autism: mitochondrial dysfunction as a putative causative mechanism. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81: 253-264.
    • (2009) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , vol.81 , pp. 253-264
    • Pastural, E.1    Ritchie, S.2    Lu, Y.3
  • 64
    • 0037766224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in autistic patients with 15q inverted duplication
    • Filipek PA, Juranek J, Smith M, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in autistic patients with 15q inverted duplication. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 801-804.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 801-804
    • Filipek, P.A.1    Juranek, J.2    Smith, M.3
  • 65
    • 84857367852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial autism with primary carnitine deficiency, sudden death, hypotonia and hypochromic anemia
    • Gargus JJ, Lerner MA. Familial autism with primary carnitine deficiency, sudden death, hypotonia and hypochromic anemia. Am J Human Gen 1997; 61: A98.
    • (1997) Am J Human Gen , vol.61
    • Gargus, J.J.1    Lerner, M.A.2
  • 66
    • 42449098371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial energy-deficient endophenotype in autism
    • Gargus JJ, Imtiaz F. Mitochondrial energy-deficient endophenotype in autism. Am J Biochem Biotech 2008; 4: 198-207.
    • (2008) Am J Biochem Biotech , vol.4 , pp. 198-207
    • Gargus, J.J.1    Imtiaz, F.2
  • 68
    • 79958724983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective doubleblind, randomized clinical trial of levocarnitine to treat autism spectrum disorders
    • Geier DA, Kern JK, Davis G, et al. A prospective doubleblind, randomized clinical trial of levocarnitine to treat autism spectrum disorders. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17: PI15-23.
    • (2011) Med Sci Monit , vol.17
    • Geier, D.A.1    Kern, J.K.2    Davis, G.3
  • 69
    • 84865540184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Badary OA. l- Carnitine supplementation improves the behavioral symptoms in autistic children
    • Fahmy SF, El-hamamsy MH, Zaki OK, Badary OA. l- Carnitine supplementation improves the behavioral symptoms in autistic children. Res Aut Spect Dis 2013; 7: 159-66.
    • (2013) Res Aut Spect Dis , vol.7 , pp. 159-166
    • Fahmy, S.F.1    El-Hamamsy, M.H.2    Zaki, O.K.3
  • 70
    • 13144293996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot study of a moderate dose multivitamin/ mineral supplement for children with autistic spectrum disorder
    • Adams JB, Holloway C. Pilot study of a moderate dose multivitamin/ mineral supplement for children with autistic spectrum disorder. J Altern Complement Med 2004; 10: 1033- 1039.
    • (2004) J Altern Complement Med , vol.10 , pp. 1033-1039
    • Adams, J.B.1    Holloway, C.2
  • 71
    • 83155191076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism
    • Adams JB, Audhya T, McDonough-Means S, et al. Effect of a vitamin/mineral supplement on children and adults with autism. BMC Pediatr 2011; 11: 111.
    • (2011) BMC Pediatr , vol.11 , pp. 111
    • Adams, J.B.1    Audhya, T.2    McDonough-Means, S.3
  • 72
    • 15244348759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism
    • James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, Janak L, Gaylor DW, et al. Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1611-1617.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 1611-1617
    • James, S.J.1    Cutler, P.2    Melnyk, S.3    Jernigan, S.4    Janak, L.5    Gaylor, D.W.6
  • 73
    • 58149379391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism
    • James SJ, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, et al. Efficacy of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on glutathione redox status in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 425-430.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89 , pp. 425-430
    • James, S.J.1    Melnyk, S.2    Fuchs, G.3
  • 74
    • 84861019501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism
    • Hardan AY, Fung LK, Libove RA, et al. A randomized controlled pilot trial of oral N-acetylcysteine in children with autism. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71: 956-961.
    • Biol Psychiatry , vol.2012 , Issue.71 , pp. 956-961
    • Hardan, A.Y.1    Fung, L.K.2    Libove, R.A.3
  • 75
    • 75649107225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel and emerging treatments for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review
    • Rossignol DA. Novel and emerging treatments for autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2009; 21: 213-236.
    • (2009) Ann Clin Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 213-236
    • Rossignol, D.A.1
  • 77
    • 0036879619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders
    • Chez MG, Buchanan CP, Aimonovitch MC, Becker M, Schaefer K, Black C, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of L-carnosine supplementation in children with autistic spectrum disorders. J Child Neurol 2002; 17: 833-837.
    • (2002) J Child Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 833-837
    • Chez, M.G.1    Buchanan, C.P.2    Aimonovitch, M.C.3    Becker, M.4    Schaefer, K.5    Black, C.6
  • 78
    • 84856225739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical effects of ribose and NADH therapy in children with autism
    • Freedenfeld SH, Hamada K, Audhya T, Adams JB. Biochemical effects of ribose and NADH therapy in children with autism. Autism Insights 2011; 3: 3-13.
    • (2011) Autism Insights , vol.3 , pp. 3-13
    • Freedenfeld, S.H.1    Hamada, K.2    Audhya, T.3    Adams, J.B.4
  • 79
    • 0345700830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a ketogenic diet in children with autistic behavior: Pilot study
    • Evangeliou A, Vlachonikolis I, Mihailidou H, et al. Application of a ketogenic diet in children with autistic behavior: pilot study. J Child Neurol 2003; 18: 113-118.
    • (2003) J Child Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 113-118
    • Evangeliou, A.1    Vlachonikolis, I.2    Mihailidou, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.