Self-assembled multilayer graphene oxide membrane and carbon nanotubes synthesized using a rare form of natural graphite

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 117, Issue 18, 2013, Pages 9507-9519

  Kumarasinghe, A R ^a,d   Samaranayake, Lilantha ^a   Bondino, Federica ^b   Magnano, Elana ^b   Kottegoda, Nilwala ^a   Carlino, Elvio ^b   Ratnayake, U N ^a   De Alwis, A A P ^a   Karunaratne, Veranja ^a   Amaratunga, Gehan A J ^a,c  

^a Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC)   (Sri Lanka)

^b LABORATORIO TASC   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d UVA WELLASSA UNIVERSITY   (Sri Lanka)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON NANO-MATERIALS; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGES; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; SELF ASSEMBLED MULTILAYERS; SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE (SWNTS); TOPOGRAPHICAL PROPERTIES;

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CORE LEVELS; CRYSTALLITES; ELECTRIC ARCS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHENE; MULTILAYERS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN); PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

GRAPHITE;

EID: 84877691369     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp402428j     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Wies, P. A. The Origin of Epigenetic Graphite: Evidence from Isotopes Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1981, 45, 2325-2332
2. Rietmeijer, F. J. M. Mixed Layering in Disordered Sri Lanka Graphite Carbon 1991, 29, 669-675
3. Duke, E. F.; Galbreath, K. C.; Trusty, K. J. Fluid Inclusion and Carbon Isotope Studies of Quartz-Graphite Veins, Black Hills, South Dakota, and Ruby Range, Montana Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1990, 54, 683-698
4. Ortega, L.; Milward, D.; Luque, F. J.; Barrenechea, J. F.; Beyssac, O.; Huizenga, J.-M.; Rodas, M.; Clarke, S. M. The Graphite Deposit at Borrowdale (UK): A Catastrophic Mineralizing Event Associated with Odovician Magmatism Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2010, 74, 2429-2449
5. Sanyal, P.; Acharya, B. C.; Bhattacharya, S. K.; Sarkar, A.; Agrawal, S.; Bera, M. K. Origin of Graphite, and Temperature of Metamorphism in Precambrian Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, Orissa, India: A Carbon Isotope Approach J. Asian Earth Sci. 2009, 36, 252-260
6. Brandes, J.A.; Cody, G. D.; Rumble, D.; Haberstroh, P.; Wirick, S.; Gelinas, Y. C K -edge XANES Spectromicroscopy of Natural Graphite Carbon 2008, 46, 1424-1434
7. Asbury Carbons. Technical report on vein graphite. http://www.asbury.com/ vein-graphite.html; accessed Feb 10, 2010.
8. Balasooriya, N. W. B.; Touzain, Ph.; Bandaranayake, P. W. S. K. Lithium Electrochemical Intercalation into Mechanically and Chemically Treated Sri Lanka Natural Graphite J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2006, 67, 1213-1217
9. Dissanayake, C. B. The Origin of Graphite of Sri Lanka Org. Geochem. 1981, 3, 1-7
10. Wilbert, K. V. Epigenetic Vein Graphite Mineralization in the Granualite Terrein of Sri Lanka Gondwana Res. (GNL) 1999, 2, 654-657
11. Brodie, B. C. Sur le Poids Atomique du Graphite Ann. Chim. Phys. 1860, 59, 466-472
12. Hummers, W. S., Jr.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339
13. 4 Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 2005, 7, 162-168
14. Staudenmaier, L. Verfahren zur Darstellung der Graphitsaure Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1898, 31, 1481-1499
15. Lee, D. W.; De Los Santos, V. I.; Seo, J. W.; Leon Felix, I.; Bustamante, D. A.; Cole, J. M.; Barnes, C. H. W. The Structure of Graphite Oxide: Investigations of Its Surface Chemical Groups J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 5723-5728
16. Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Chemical Methods for Production of Graphene Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224
17. Gao, W.; Alemany, L. B.; Ci, L.; Ajayan, P. M. New Insight into the Structure and Reduction of Graphite Oxide Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 403-408
18. 3 Carbon Ratio in Graphite Oxide with Different Preparation Time J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 2705-2708
19. Szabo, T.; Berkesi, O.; Forgo, P.; Josepovits, K.; Sanakis, Y.; Petridis, D.; Dekany, I. Evolution of Surface Functional Groups in a Series of Progressively Oxidized Graphite Oxide Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 2740-2749
20. Enoki, T.; Suzuki, M.; Endo, M. Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Applications; Oxford University Press: New York, 2003.
21. Dresselhaus, M. S.; Dresselhaus, G. Intercalation Compounds of Graphite Adv. Phys. 2002, 51, 1-186
22. Dreyer, D. R.; Park, S.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. The Chemistry of Graphene Oxide Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 228-240
23. Compton, O. C.; Nguyen, S. T. Graphene Oxide, Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide, and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon-Based Materials Small 2010, 6, 711-723
24. Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D. A.; Piner, R. D.; Kohlhaas, K. A.; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S. T.; Ruoff, R. S. Synthesis of Graphene-based Nanosheets via Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide Carbon 2007, 45, 1558-1565
25. Zhu, B. Y.; Murali, S.; Cai, W.; Li, X.; Suk, J. W.; Potts, J. R.; Ruoff, R. S. Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties and Applications Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3906-3924
26. Eda, G.; Chhowalla, M. Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics and Optoelectronics Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2392-2415
27. Rao, C. N. R.; Subramanyam, K. S.; Ramakrishna Matte, H. S. S.; Abdulhakeem, B. A.; Govindaraj, A.; Das, B. A Study of the Synthetic Methods and Properties of Graphenes Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2010, 11, 054502-054517
28. Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thick Carbon Films Science 2004, 306, 666-669
29. Geim, A. K.; Novoselov, K. S. The Rise of Graphene Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183-191
30. Graphit Kripfmuhl AG Homepage. http://www.gk-graphite.lk; accessed Oct 12, 2009.
31. Zhamu, A.; Jang, B. Z. Mass Production of Pristine Nano Graphene Materials. USPTO July 2012, Patent No. 8,266,801 B2.
32. McAllister, M. J.; Li, J.-L.; Adamson, D. H.; Schniepp, H. C.; Abdala, A. A.; Liu, J. Single Sheet Functionalized Graphene by Oxidation and Thermal Expansion of Graphite Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4396-4404
33. Scherrer, P. Bestimmung der Grösse und der Inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen Mittels Röntgenstrahlen Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 1918, 2, 98-100
34. Si, Y. C.; Samulski, E. T. Exfoliated Graphene Separated by Platinum Nanoparticles Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 6792-6797
35. Szabo, T.; Szeri, A.; Dekany, I. Composite Graphitic Nano-layers Prepared by Self- Assembly between Finely Dispersed Graphite Oxide and a Cationic Polymer Carbon 2005, 43, 87-94
36. Hontoria-Lucas, C.; Lopez-Peinado, A. J.; Lopez-Gonzalez, J. D.; Rojas-Cervantes, M. L.; Martin-Aranda, R. M. Study of Oxygen-Containing Groups in a Series of Graphite Oxides: Physical and Chemical Characterization Carbon 1995, 33, 1585-1592
37. Coates, J. Interpretation of Infrared Spectra. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry; Meyers, R. A., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Chichester, 2000; pp 10815-10837.
38. Lee, D. W.; Seo, J. W. Formation of Phenol Groups in Hydrated Graphite Oxide J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 12483-12486
39. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91 st ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2010/2011; www.invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/carbonmod/point.html; accessed Mar 20, 2012.
40. Scholz, W.; Boehm, H. P. Untersuchungen am Graphitoxid. VI. Betrachtungen zur Struktur des Graphitoxids Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1969, 369, 327-340
41. Nair, R. R.; Wu, H. A.; Jayaram, P. N.; Grigoreiva, I. M.; Geim, A. K. Unimpeded Permeation through Helium-Leak-Tight Graphene Based Membranes Science 2012, 335, 442-444
42. Kovtyukhova, N. I.; Ollivier, P. J.; Martin, B. R.; Mallouk, T. E.; Chizhik, S. A.; Buzaneva, E. V.; Gorchinskiy, A. D. Layer-by Layer Assembly of Ultrathin Composite Film from Micron Sized Graphite Oxide Sheets and Polycations Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 771-778
43. Thiele, H. Viskosität und Gelbildung der Graphitsäure Kolloid-Zeit. 1948, 111, 15-19
44. Croft, R. C. Lamellar Compounds of Graphite Quart. Rev. 1960, 14, 1-45
45. Scholz, W.; Boehm, H. P. Untersuchungen am Graphitoxid. VI. Betrachtungen zur Struktur des Graphitoxids Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1969, 369, 327-340
46. Clauss, A.; Plass, R.; Boehm, H. P.; Hofmann, U. Z. Untersuchungen zur Struktur des Graphitoxyds Anorg. Allg. Chem. 1957, 291, 205-220
47. Nakajima, T.; Mabuchi, A.; Hagiwara, R. A New Structure Model for Graphite Oxide Carbon 1988, 26, 357-361
48. Lagow, R. J.; Badachhape, R. B.; Wood, J. L.; Margrave, J. L. Some New Synthetic Approach to Graphite-Florine Chemistry J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1974, 1268-1273
49. Gamaly, E. G.; Ebbesen, T. W. Mechanism of Carbon Nanotube Formation in the Arc Discharge Phys. Rev. B 1995, 52, 2083-2089
50. Balasooriya, N. W. B.; Touzain, P.; Bandaranayake, P. W. S. K. Lithium Electrochemical Intercalation into Mechanically and Chemically Treated Sri Lanka Natural Graphite J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2006, 67, 1213-1217
51. 2 Components in the C 1 s Photoemission Spectra of Amorphous Carbon Films Phys. Rev. B. 1996, 54, 8064-8069
52. Estrade-Szwarchopf, H. XPS Photoemission in Carbonaceous Materials: A "defect" Peak Beside the Graphitic Asymmetric Peak Carbon 2004, 42, 1713-1721
53. Kovtyukhova, N. I.; Mallouk, T. E.; Pan, L.; Dickey, E. C. Individual Single-Walled Nanotubes and Hydrogels Made by Oxidative Exfoliation of Carbon Nanotube Ropes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 9761-9769
54. Ago, H.; Kugler, F.; Cacialli, F.; Salaneck, W. R.; Shaffer, M. S. P.; Windle, A. H.; Friend, R. H. Work Functions and Surface Functional Groups of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 8116-8121
55. Milev, A. S.; Tran, N. H.; Kanangara, G. S. K.; Wilson, M. A. Unoccupied Electronic Structure of Ball-Milled Graphite Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 6685-6691
56. Larciprete, R.; Fabris, S.; Sun, T.; Lacovig, P.; Baraldi, A.; Lizzit, S. Dual Path Mechanism in the Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 17315-17321
57. Kim, S.; Zhou, S.; Hu, Y.; Acik, M.; Chabal, Y. J.; Berger, C.; de Heer, W.; Bongiorno, A.; Riedo, E. Room-Temperature Metastability of Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 544-549
58. Chiang, T.-C.; Seitz, F. Photoemission Spectroscopy in Solids Ann. Phys. 2001, 10, 61-74
59. Yumitori, S. Correlation of C 1 s Chemical State Intensities with the O 1 s Intensity in the XPS Analysis of Anodically Oxidized Glass-Like Carbon Samples J. Mater. Sci. 2000, 35, 139-146
60. Kozlowski, C.; Sherwood, P. M. A. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Carbon-Fibre Surfaces. Part 4.-The Effect of Electrochemical Treatment in Nitric Acid J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1 1984, 80, 2099-2107
61. Bruhwiler, P. A.; Maxwell, A. J.; Puglia, C.; Nilsson, A.; Anderson, S.; Martensson, N. π* and σ* Excitons in C 1 s Absorption of Graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 74, 614-617
62. Ahuja, R.; Bruhwiler, P. A.; Wills, J. M.; Johansson, B.; Martensson, N.; Eriksson, O. Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Graphite 1 s X-ray Adsorption Edge Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, 14396-14404
63. Bruhwiler, P. A.; Kuiper, P.; Eriksson, O.; Ahuja, R.; Svensson, S. Core Hole Effect in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Graphite Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1761-1761
64. Stoehr, J., NEXAFS Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Surface Sciences; Springer: New York, 1992; Vol. 25.
65. Fischer, D. A.; Wentzcovitch, R. M.; Carr, R. G.; Continenza, A.; Freeman, A. Graphitic Interlayer States: A Carbon K -near edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study J. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter. 1991, 44, 1427-1429
66. Atamny, F.; Bloecker, J.; Henschke, B.; Schloegl, R.; Schedel-Niedrig, T.; Keil, M.; Bradshaw, A. M. Reaction of Oxygen with Graphite: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Materials J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 4522-4526
67. Benchikh, N.; Garrelie, F.; Donnet, C.; Bouchet-Fabre, B.; Wolski, K.; Rogemond, F. L.; Loir, A. S.; Subtil, J. L. Nickel Incorporated Amorphous Carbon Film Deposited by Femtosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation Thin Solid Films 2005, 482, 287-292
68. Gutierrez, A.; Diaz, J.; Lopez, M. F. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Pulsed- Laser-evaporated Amorphous Carbon Films Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 1995, 61, 111-114
69. Coleman, V. A.; Knut, R.; Karis, O.; Grennberg, H.; Jansson, U.; Quinlan, R.; Holloway, B. C.; Sanyal, B.; Eriksson, O. Defect Formation in Graphene Nanosheets by Acid Treatment: An x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Study J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2008, 41, 062001-062004
70. Saikubo, A.; Kanda, K.; Niibe, M.; Matsui, S. Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Thin Films Formed by Various Methods New Diamond Front. Carbon Technol. 2006, 16, 235-244
71. Pacile, D.; Meyer, J. C.; Fraile Rodríguez, A.; Papagno, M.; Gómez-Navarro, C.; Sundaram, R. S.; Burghard, M.; Kern, K.; Carbone, C.; Kaiser, U. Electronic Properties and Atomic Structure of Graphene Oxide Membranes Carbon 2011, 49, 966-972
72. Fischer, D. A.; Wentzcovitch, R. M.; Carr, R. G.; Continenza, A.; Freeman, A. Graphitic Interlayer States: A Carbon K -Near-Edge X-ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Study J. Phys. Rev. B 1991, 44, 1427-1429
73. Hähner, G. Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy as A Tool to Probe Electronic and Structural Properties of Thin Organic Films and Liquids Chem. Soc. Rev. 2006, 35, 1244-1255
74. 2 Bonding Fraction Within Carbon Thin Films Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, 12628-12631
75. Jeong, H.-K.; Lee, Y. P.; Jin, M. H.; Kim, E. S.; Bae, J. J.; Lee, Y. H. Thermal Stability of Graphite Oxide Chem. Phys. Lett. 2009, 470, 255-258
76. Yu, W.; Xie, H.; Wang, X.; Wang, X. Highly Efficient Method for Preparing Homogenous and Stable Colloids Containing Graphene Oxide Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2011, 6, 47-53
77. Song, P.; Zhang, X.; Sun, M.; Cui, X.; Lin, Y. Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets via Oxalic Acid-induced Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphite Oxide RSC Adv. 2012, 2, 1168-1173