Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of mount kilimanjaro: Introduction and family papilionidae

Journal of Natural History

Volumn 45, Issue 37-38, 2011, Pages 2375-2396

  Liseki, Steven D ^a,b   Vane Wright, Richard I ^b,c  

^a TANZANIA WILDLIFE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Tanzania)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

^c DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Africa; Altitudinal zonation; Checklist; Climate change monitoring; Conservation; Distribution; Inventory; Keys; Size; Tanzania

Indexed keywords

EID: 84877582249     PISSN: 00222933     EISSN: 14645262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.596635     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Ackery, PR, and Smith, CR. 1995. Carcasson’s African butterflies:an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region, Edited by:Vane-Wright, RI. Australia, East Melbourne:CSIRO.
2. Agrawala S, Moehner A, Hemp A, van Aalst M, Hitz S, Smith J, Meena H, Mwakifwamba SM, Hyera T, Mwaipopo OU. 2003. Development and climate change in Tanzania:focus on Mount Kilimanjaro. Paris:OECD. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/47/0/21058838.pdf (http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/47/0/21058838.pdf) (Accessed:17 August 2010).
3. Aurivillius [PO], C. 1898–99. Rhopalocera Aethiopica. K svenska VetensAkad Handl., 31 (5):1–561. 6 pls
4. Aurivillius [PO], C. 1910. Lepidoptera. In Sjöstedt Y. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-OstAfrikas 1905–1906, 2 (9):56 2 tabs. Stockholm:Königlich Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. [Note:some parts of this three volume work were issued as early as 1907, in offprint form.]
5. Axmacher, JC, Brehm, G, Hemp, A, Tünte, H, Lyaruu, HVM, Müller-Hohenstein, K, and Fiedler, K., 2009. Determinants of diversity in afrotropical herbivorous insects (Lepidoptera:Geometridae):plant diversity, vegetation structure or abiotic factors?. J Biogeogr., 36:337–349.
6. Axmacher, JC, Holtmann, G, Scheuermann, L, Brehm, G, Müller-Hohenstein, K, and Fiedler, K., 2004. Diversity of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera:Geometridae) along an Afrotropical elevational rainforest transect. Diversity Distrib., 10:293–302.
7. Bjørndalen, JE., 1991. “ An ecological approach to the inventory and monitoring of rainforest catchments in Tanzania ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 97–102. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
8. Brown, P., 1776. New illustrations of zoology, London:White.
9. Carcasson, RH., 1964. A preliminary survey of the zoogeography of African butterflies. E Afr Wildl J., 2:122–157.
10. Carcasson, RH., 1975. The swallowtail butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae), Faringdon, UK:EW Classey.
11. Congdon, C, and Collins, S., 1998. Kielland’s Butterflies of Tanzania. Supplement, Nairobi:African Butterfly Research Institute.
12. Cullen, NJ, Mölg, T, Kaser, G, Hussein, K, Steffen, K, and Hardy, DR., 2006. Kilimanjaro glaciers:recent areal extent from satellite data and new interpretation of observed 20th century retreat rates. Geophys Res Lett Vol. 33, L16502 doi:10.1029/2006GL027084
13. d’Abrera, B. 1997. “ Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region ”. In Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae, 2nd, Melbourne:Hill House.
14. d’Abrera, B. 2004. “ Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region ”. In Part II. Nymphalidae & Libytheidae, 2nd, Melbourne:Hill House.
15. d’Abrera, B. 2009. “ Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region ”. In Part III. Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, 2nd, Melbourne:Hill House.
16. de Jong, R, and Congdon, TCE., 1993. “ The montane butterflies of the eastern afrotropics ”. In Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa, Edited by:Lovett, JC, and Wasser, SK. 133–172. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
17. Downie, C, and Wilkinson, P., 1972. The geology of Kilimanjaro. Sheffield, Geology Department:Sheffield University.
18. Fernandes RMS, Msemwa J and 20 others. 2009. Precise determination of the orthometric height of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Proceedings of FIG Working Week 2009, Eilat, Israel 3–8 May. http://www.fig.net/pub/fig2009/papers/ts08c/ts08c_fernandes_teamkili2008_3438.pdf (http://www.fig.net/pub/fig2009/papers/ts08c/ts08c_fernandes_teamkili2008_3438.pdf) (Accessed:26 July 2010).
19. Gamassa, DM., 1991. “ Historical change in human population on Mount Kilimanjaro and its implications ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 1–8. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
20. Gifford, D., 1965. A list of the butterflies of Malawi, Blantyre:Society of Malawi.
21. Godman, FD., 1885. A list of the Lepidoptera collected by Mr. H.H. Johnston during his recent expedition to Kilima-njaro. Proc zool Soc Lond., 1885:537–541.
22. Griffiths, CJ., 1993. “ The geological evolution of East Africa ”. In Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa, Edited by:Lovett, JC, and Wasser, SK. 9–21. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
23. Hemp, A., 2001. Ecology of the pteridophytes on the southern slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Part II:Habitat selection. Plant Biol., 3:493–523.
24. Hemp, A., 2006a. Continuum or zonation? Altitudinal gradients in the forest vegetation of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Plant Ecol., 184:27–42.
25. Hemp, A., 2006b. Vegetation of Kilimanjaro:hidden endemics and missing bamboo. Afr J Ecol, 44:305–328.
26. Hemp, C, and Hemp, A., 2003. Saltatoria coenoses of high-altitude grasslands on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Vol. 9, 71–97. Tanzania:Ecotropica. Orthoptera:Saltatoria
27. Hutchinson, JA., 1965. The meaning of Kilimanjaro. Tanganyika Notes Rec.,:65–67.
28. Johnston, HH., 1886. The Kilima-njaro Expedition, London:Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.
29. Karl, I, and Fischer, K., 2008. Why get big in the cold? Towards a solution to a life-history puzzle. Oecologia, 155:215–225.
30. Kaser, G, Hardy, DR, Mölg, T, Bradley, RS, and Hyer, TM., 2004. Modern glacier retreat on Kilimanjaro as evidence of climate change:observations and facts. Int J Climatol., 24:329–339.
31. Kielland, J., 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania, Melbourne:Hill House.
32. Körner, C., 2003. Alpine plant life. Functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems, 2nd, Berlin:Springer.
33. Kremen, C., 1992. Assessing the indicator properties of species assemblages for natural areas monitoring. Ecol Appl., 2:203–217.
34. Lamprey, RH, Michelmore, F, and Lamprey, HF., 1991. “ Changes in the boundary of the montane rainforest on Mount Kilimanjaro between 1958 and 1987 ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 9–15. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
35. Larsen, TB., 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history, 2nd, Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.
36. Liseki, SD., 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis], Canterbury, UK:University of Kent.
37. Mani, MS., 1968. Ecology and biogeography of high altitude insects, The Hague:Junk.
38. Mölg, T, Hardy, DR, Cullen, NJ, and Kaser, G., 2008. “ Tropical glaciers, climate change, and society. Focus on Kilimanjaro (East Africa) ”. In Darkening peaks:glacier retreat, science, and society, Edited by:Orlove, B, Wiegandt, E, and Luckman, BH. 168–182. Berkeley:University of California Press.
39. Mote, PW, and Kaser, G., 2007. The shrinking glaciers of Kilimanjaro:can global warming be blamed? Am Sci. 95 (4):318–325.
40. Mwasaga, BC., 1991. “ The natural forest of Mount Kilimanjaro ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 17–20. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
41. Myers, NRA, Mittermeier, CG, Mittermeier, GAB, and da Fonseca, JK. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403 (6772):853–858.
42. Newmark, WD., 1991a. “ Priorities for the conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 111–113. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
43. Newmark, WD. 1991b. The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
44. Nielsen, ES, and West, JG., 1994. “ Biodiversity research and biological collections:transfer of information ”. In Systematics and conservation evaluation, Edited by:Forey, PL, Humphries, CJ, and Vane-Wright, RI. 101–121. Oxford:The Systematics Association Special Volume (50), Clarendon Press.
45. Odner, K., 1971. A preliminary report on an archaeological survey on the slopes of Kilimanjaro. Azania, 6:131–149.
46. O’Kting’ati, A, and Kessy, JF., 1991. “ The farming systems on Mount Kilimanjaro ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 71–80. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
47. Pócs, T., 1991. “ The significance of lower plants in the conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro ”. In The conservation of Mount Kilimanjaro, Edited by:Newmark, WD. 21–33. Gland, Switzerland:IUCN.
48. Rogers KStA. 1913. A list of butterflies collected during the last ten years in British East Africa. Entomol Mon Mag., 49:45–53. 94–100. 127–130.
49. Salt, G., 1954. A contribution to the ecology of upper Kilimanjaro. J Ecol. 42 (2):375–423.
50. Sampson, DN., 1965. The geology, volcanology and glaciology of Kilimanjaro. Tanganyika Notes Rec., 64:118–124.
51. Seitz, A., 1908–1925. Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Gross-Schmetterl Erde, 2:13 [xiii]+614+80pls. Stuttgart:Alfred Kernen
52. Shangali WH. 2007. Kilimanjaro Region VISION 2020. Annual report 2007. http://www.kcco.net/FinalreportKilimanjaro2007.pdf (http://www.kcco.net/FinalreportKilimanjaro2007.pdf) (Accessed:21 August 2010).
53. Smith, CR, and Vane-Wright, RI., 2001. A review of the afrotropical species of the genus Graphium (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera:Papilionidae). Bull Nat Hist Mus Lond (Entomol)., 70:503–718.
54. Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI. 2002. Distribution of Afrotropical kite swallowtails. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/afrotropical-kite/(http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/afrotropical-kite/) (Accessed:17 May 2010).
55. Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI. 2008. Classification, nomenclature and identification of lime swallowtail butterflies:a post-cladistic analysis (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Syst Biodivers. 6(2):175–203. http://www.journals.cup.org/abstract_S1477200008002703 (http://www.journals.cup.org/abstract_S1477200008002703)
56. Smith, CR, D], Liseki S[, and Vane-Wright, RI., 2008. The status of Papilio sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908, the “Kilimanjaro Swallowtail” (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). J Nat Hist., 42 (19–20):1349–1359.
57. Thompson, LG, Mosley-Thompson, E, Davis, ME, Henderson, KA, Brecher, HH, Zagorodnov, VS, Mashiotta, TA, Lin, P-N, Mikhalenko, VN, Hardy, DR. 2002. Kilimanjaro ice core records:evidence of Holocene climate change in tropical Africa. Science, 298:589–593.
58. Turner, JRG., 1963. Geographical variation and evolution in the males of the butterfly Papilio dardanus Brown (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond., 115 (9):239–259.
59. UNEP-WCMC. 2005. Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania. http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Kilimanjaro.pdf (http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Kilimanjaro.pdf) (Accessed:25 July 2010).
60. Vane-Wright, RI, Ackery, PR, and Smiles, RL., 1975. The distribution, polymorphism and mimicry of Heliconius telesiphe (Doubleday) and the species of Podotricha Michener (Lepidoptera:Heliconiinae). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond., 126:611–636. 1 pl
61. Vane-Wright, RI, and Liseki, S[D]. 2008. The type material, taxonomy and conservation of Horniman’s Swallowtail, Papilio hornimani (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). J Nat Hist., 42 (19–20):1333–1348.
62. Vane-Wright, RI, and Smith, CR., 1992. Occurrence and significance of natural hybrids between Papilio dardanus and P. phorcas (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae). Syst Entomol, 17:269–272.
63. Wasser, SK, and Lovett, JC., 1993. “ Introduction to the biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa ”. In Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of eastern Africa, Edited by:Lovett, JC, and Wasser, SK. 3–7. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
64. Williams MC. 2010. Afrotropical butterflies and skippers. A digital encyclopaedia. Available from http://atbutterflies.com/(http://atbutterflies.com/)