Humans Strengthen Bottom-Up Effects and Weaken Trophic Cascades in a Terrestrial Food Web

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Muhly, Tyler B ^a,b   Hebblewhite, Mark ^c   Paton, Dale ^a   Pitt, Justin A ^d   Boyce, Mark S ^d   Musiani, Marco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b Ecosystem Management   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BOS TAURUS; CANADA; CANIS LUPUS; CATTLE; CERVUS ELPAHUS; ECOSYSTEM; FOOD WEB; FORAGE QUALITY; NONHUMAN; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; WOLF;

ALBERTA; ANIMAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; ANIMALS; CATTLE; DEER; FOOD CHAIN; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; POPULATION DENSITY; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; WOLVES;

EID: 84877268126     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064311     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ripple WJ, Larsen EJ, Renkin RA, Smith DW, (2001) Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range. Biol Cons 102: 227-234.
2. Hebblewhite M, White CA, Nietvelt CG, McKenzie JA, Hurd TE, et al. (2005) Human activity mediates a trophic cascade caused by wolves. Ecology 86: 2135-2144.
3. Paine RT, (1980) Food webs, linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. J Anim Ecol 49: 666-685.
4. Estes JA, Terborgh J, Brashares JS, Power ME, Berger J, et al. (2011) Trophic downgrading of planet earth. Science 333: 301-306.
5. Stolzenburg W (2008) Ecosystems unraveling. Conservation Magazine. Available: http://www.conservationmagazine.org/2008/07/ecosystems-unraveling. Accessed 28 December 2012.
6. Krebs CJ, Boutin S, Boonstra R, Sinclair ARE, Smith JNM, et al. (1995) Impact of food and predation on the snowshoe hare cycle. Science 269: 1112-1115.
7. Smith BD, (2007) The ultimate ecosystem engineers. Science 315: 1797-1798.
8. Barnosky AD, Koch PL, Feranec RS, et al. (2004) Assessing the causes of late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science 306: 70-75.
9. Darimont CT, Carlson SM, Kinnison MT, Paquet PC, Reimchen T, et al. (2009) Human predators outpace other agents of trait change in the wild. Proc Nati Acad Sci 106: 952-954.
10. Foley JA, DeFries R, Asner GP, Barford C, Bonan G, et al. (2005) Global consequences of land use. Science 309: 570-574.
11. Muhly TB, Alexander M, Boyce MS, Creasey R, Hebblewhite M, et al. (2010) Differential risk effects of wolves on wild versus domestic prey have consequences for conservation. Oikos 119: 1243-1254.
12. Shipley B (2002) Cause and correlation in biology, a user's guide to path analysis, structural equations and causal inference. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 332 p.
13. Apps CD, Mclellan BN, Woods JG, Proctor MF, (2004) Estimating grizzly bear distribution and abundance relative to habitat and human influence. J Wildl Manage 68: 138-152.
14. Manly BFJ, McDonald LL, Thomas DL (2002) Resource selection by animals, statistical analysis and design for field studies. Nordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. 192 p.
15. Fieberg J, Matthiopoulos J, Hebblewhite M, Boyce MS, Frair JL, (2010) Autocorrelation and studies of habitat selection: problem, red herring, or opportunity? Phil Trans R Soc B 365: 2233-2244.
16. StataCorp LP (2009) Stata/SE 10.1 for Windows. College Station, Texas.
17. Lele SR, (2009) A new method for estimation of resource selection probability function. J Wildl Manage 73: 122-127.
18. Seaman DE, Powell RA, (1996) An evaluation of the accuracy of kernel density estimators for home range analysis. Ecology 77: 2075-2085.
19. Sawyer H, Nielson RM, Lindzey F, Mcdonald LL, (2006) Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field. J Wildl Manage 70: 396-403.
20. Hebblewhite M, Merrill EH, (2008) Modelling wildlife-human relationships for social species with mixed-effects resource selection models. J Appl Ecol 45: 834-844.
21. Schultz RD, Bailey JA, (1978) Responses of national park elk to human activity. J Wildl Manage 42: 91-100.
22. Boyce MS, Vernier PR, Nielsen SE, Schmiegelow FKA, (2002) Evaluating resource selection functions. Ecol Modell 157: 281-300.
23. Johnson CJ, Nielsen SE, Merrill EH, McDonald TL, Boyce MS, (2006) Resource selection functions based on use-availability data: theoretical motivation and evaluation method. J Wildl Manage 70: 347-357.
24. McDermid GJ, Hall RJ, Sanchez-Azofeifa GA, Franklin SE, Stenhouse GB, et al. (2009) Remote sensing and forest inventory for wildlife habitat assessment. For Ecol Manage 257: 2262-2269.
25. Pettorelli N, Vik JO, Mysterud A, Gaillard JM, Tucker CJ, et al. (2005) Using the satellite derived NDVI to assess ecological responses to environmental change. TREE 20: 503-510.
26. Irving BD, Rutledge PL, Bailey AW, Naeth MA, Chanasyk DS, (1995) Grass utilization and grazing distribution within intensively managed fields in Central Alberta. J Range Manage 48: 358-361.
27. Bork EW, Werner SJ, (1999) Implications of spatial variability for estimating forage use. J Range Manage 52: 151-156.
28. Joreskog KG Sorbom D (2005) LISREL 8.72. Lincolnwood, IL Scientific Software International, Inc.
29. Grace JB (2006) Structural Equation Modeling and Natural Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
30. Kelloway EK (1998) Using LISREL for Structural Equation Modeling. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
31. Melis C, Jedrzejewska B, Apollonio M, Barton KA, Jedrzejewski W, et al. (2009) Predation has a greater impact in less productive environments, variation in roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, population density across Europe. Global Ecol Biogeogr 18: 724-734.
32. Polis GA, (1999) Why are parts of the world green? Multiple factors control productivity and the distribution of biomass. Oikos 86: 3-15.
33. Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW, Likens GE, Matson PA, et al. (1997) Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle, sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7: 737-750.
34. Musiani M, Mamo C, Boitani L, Callaghan C, Gates CC, et al. (2003) Wolf depredation trends and the use of fladry barriers to protect livestock in western North America. Cons Biol 17: 1538-1547.
35. Sinclair ARE, Ludwig D, Clark CW, (2000) Conservation in the real world. Science 289: 1875.
36. Boyce MS, Anderson EM (1999) Evaluating the role of carnivores in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. In: Clark TW, Curlee AP, Minta SC, et al., editors. Carnivores in ecosystems: the Yellowstone experience. New Haven Connecticut: Yale University Press. 265-283.