메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 411-420

Motor and premotor cortices in subcortical stroke: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures and arm motor impairment

Author keywords

distal and proximal arm motor impairment; motor and premotor cortices; proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; subcortical stroke

Indexed keywords

INOSITOL; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 84877264871     PISSN: 15459683     EISSN: 15526844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1545968312469835     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 41849103827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery
    • Cramer SC. Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery. Ann Neurol. 2008 ; 63: 272-287
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 272-287
    • Cramer, S.C.1
  • 2
    • 0038015499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of outcome after stroke: A cross-sectional fMRI study
    • Ward NS, Brown MM, Thompson AJ, Frackowiak RS. Neural correlates of outcome after stroke: a cross-sectional fMRI study. Brain. 2003 ; 126: 1430-1448
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 1430-1448
    • Ward, N.S.1    Brown, M.M.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Frackowiak, R.S.4
  • 3
    • 33244467864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke
    • Gerloff C, Bushara K, Sailer A, et al. Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke. Brain. 2006 ; 129: 791-808
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 791-808
    • Gerloff, C.1    Bushara, K.2    Sailer, A.3
  • 5
    • 0038652058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroimaging studies of motor recovery after stroke in adults: A review
    • Calautti C, Baron JC. Functional neuroimaging studies of motor recovery after stroke in adults: a review. Stroke. 2003 ; 34: 1553-1566
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 1553-1566
    • Calautti, C.1    Baron, J.C.2
  • 6
    • 0142246340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of motor recovery after stroke: A longitudinal fMRI study
    • Ward NS, Brown MM, Thompson AJ, Frackowiak RS. Neural correlates of motor recovery after stroke: a longitudinal fMRI study. Brain. 2003 ; 126: 2476-2496
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 2476-2496
    • Ward, N.S.1    Brown, M.M.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Frackowiak, R.S.4
  • 7
    • 0036954938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate
    • Dum RP, Strick PL. Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate. Physiol Behav. 2002 ; 77: 677-682
    • (2002) Physiol Behav , vol.77 , pp. 677-682
    • Dum, R.P.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 8
    • 76749139868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias MH, Lee SP, Svojanovsky S, Cheney PD. Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex. 2010 ; 20: 704-719
    • (2010) Cereb Cortex , vol.20 , pp. 704-719
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    Lee, S.P.2    Svojanovsky, S.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 9
    • 72049129451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias MH, McPherson RL, Frost SB, Cheney PD. Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex. 2010 ; 20: 169-186
    • (2010) Cereb Cortex , vol.20 , pp. 169-186
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    McPherson, R.L.2    Frost, S.B.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 10
    • 0036173818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the corticospinal projection from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area to macaque upper limb motoneurons: AN anatomical and electrophysiological study
    • Maier MA, Armand J, Kirkwood PA, Yang HW, Davis JN, Lemon RN. Differences in the corticospinal projection from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area to macaque upper limb motoneurons: AN anatomical and electrophysiological study. Cereb Cortex. 2002 ; 12: 281-296
    • (2002) Cereb Cortex , vol.12 , pp. 281-296
    • Ma, M.1    Armand, J.2    Kirkwood, P.A.3    Yang, H.W.4    Davis, J.N.5    Lemon, R.N.6
  • 12
    • 11344286750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of cervical propriospinal premotoneurons in recovering hemiparetic stroke patients
    • Stinear JW, Byblow WD. The contribution of cervical propriospinal premotoneurons in recovering hemiparetic stroke patients. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 ; 21: 426-434
    • (2004) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.21 , pp. 426-434
    • Stinear, J.W.1    Byblow, W.D.2
  • 13
    • 28844455952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Callosal connections of dorsal versus ventral premotor areas in the macaque monkey: A multiple retrograde tracing study
    • Boussaoud D, Tanne-Gariepy J, Wannier T, Rouiller EM. Callosal connections of dorsal versus ventral premotor areas in the macaque monkey: a multiple retrograde tracing study. BMC Neurosci. 2005 ; 6: 67
    • (2005) BMC Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 67
    • Boussaoud, D.1    Tanne-Gariepy, J.2    Wannier, T.3    Rouiller, E.M.4
  • 15
    • 9244239701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric interaction between human dorsal premotor and contralateral primary motor cortex
    • Mochizuki H, Huang YZ, Rothwell JC. Interhemispheric interaction between human dorsal premotor and contralateral primary motor cortex. J Physiol. 2004 ; 561: 331-338
    • (2004) J Physiol , vol.561 , pp. 331-338
    • Mochizuki, H.1    Huang, Y.Z.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 16
    • 0030791239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging for the study of brain metabolism
    • Van Zijl PC, Barker PB. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging for the study of brain metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 ; 820: 75-96
    • (1997) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.820 , pp. 75-96
    • Van Zijl, P.C.1    Barker, P.B.2
  • 17
    • 0033794216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR spectroscopy in stroke
    • Saunders DE. MR spectroscopy in stroke. Br Med Bull. 2000 ; 56: 334-345
    • (2000) Br Med Bull , vol.56 , pp. 334-345
    • Saunders, D.E.1
  • 18
    • 58149379315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in NAA and lactate following ischemic stroke: A serial MR spectroscopic imaging study
    • Munoz Maniega S, Cvoro V, Chappell FM, et al. Changes in NAA and lactate following ischemic stroke: a serial MR spectroscopic imaging study. Neurology. 2008 ; 71: 1993-1999
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 1993-1999
    • Munoz Maniega, S.1    Cvoro, V.2    Chappell, F.M.3
  • 19
    • 0033941235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal metabolic changes in the cortical region after subcortical infarction: A proton MR spectroscopy study
    • Kang DW, Roh JK, Lee YS, Song IC, Yoon BW, Chang KH. Neuronal metabolic changes in the cortical region after subcortical infarction: a proton MR spectroscopy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 ; 69: 222-227
    • (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 222-227
    • Kang, D.W.1    Roh, J.K.2    Lee, Y.S.3    Song, I.C.4    Yoon, B.W.5    Chang, K.H.6
  • 20
    • 0034788450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes of metabolites in frontal lobes after hemorrhagic stroke of basal ganglia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Kobayashi M, Takayama H, Suga S, Mihara B. Longitudinal changes of metabolites in frontal lobes after hemorrhagic stroke of basal ganglia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Stroke. 2001 ; 32: 2237-2245
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 2237-2245
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Takayama, H.2    Suga, S.3    Mihara, B.4
  • 21
    • 79954932583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary motor cortex - A functional MRI-guided proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study
    • Cirstea MC, Brooks WM, Craciunas SC, et al. Primary motor cortex - a functional MRI-guided proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. Stroke. 2011 ; 42: 1004-1009
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 1004-1009
    • Cirstea, M.C.1    Brooks, W.M.2    Craciunas, S.C.3
  • 22
    • 0036093606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging findings in diaschisis from stroke
    • Chu WJ, Mason GF, Pan JW, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging findings in diaschisis from stroke. Stroke. 2002 ; 33: 1243-1248
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 1243-1248
    • Chu, W.J.1    Mason, G.F.2    Pan, J.W.3
  • 23
    • 74549135360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation depends on release of D-serine from astrocytes
    • Henneberger C, Papouin T, Oliet SH, Rusakov DA. Long-term potentiation depends on release of D-serine from astrocytes. Nature. 2010 ; 463: 232-236
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 232-236
    • Henneberger, C.1    Papouin, T.2    Oliet, S.H.3    Rusakov, D.A.4
  • 24
    • 53549093620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myoinositol content in the human brain is modified by transcranial direct current stimulation in a matter of minutes: A 1H-MRS study
    • Rango M, Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, et al. Myoinositol content in the human brain is modified by transcranial direct current stimulation in a matter of minutes: a 1H-MRS study. Magn Reson Med. 2008 ; 60: 782-789
    • (2008) Magn Reson Med , vol.60 , pp. 782-789
    • Rango, M.1    Cogiamanian, F.2    Marceglia, S.3
  • 25
    • 68849084613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain angiogenesis in developmental and pathological processes: Therapeutic aspects of vascular endothelial growth factor
    • Shibuya M. Brain angiogenesis in developmental and pathological processes: therapeutic aspects of vascular endothelial growth factor. FEBS J. 2009 ; 276: 4636-4643
    • (2009) FEBS J , vol.276 , pp. 4636-4643
    • Shibuya, M.1
  • 26
    • 0015740572 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral control of contralateral and ipsilateral arm, hand and finger movements in the split-brain rhesus monkey
    • Brinkman J, Kuypers HG. Cerebral control of contralateral and ipsilateral arm, hand and finger movements in the split-brain rhesus monkey. Brain. 1973 ; 96: 653-674
    • (1973) Brain , vol.96 , pp. 653-674
    • Brinkman, J.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 27
    • 0028203263 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for bilateral innervation of certain homologous motoneurone pools in man
    • Carr LJ, Harrison LM, Stephens JA. Evidence for bilateral innervation of certain homologous motoneurone pools in man. J Physiol. 1994 ; 475: 217-227
    • (1994) J Physiol , vol.475 , pp. 217-227
    • Carr, L.J.1    Harrison, L.M.2    Stephens, J.A.3
  • 28
    • 0032051961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying and comparing region-of-interest activation patterns in functional brain MR imaging: Methodology considerations
    • Constable RT, Skudlarski P, Mencl E, et al. Quantifying and comparing region-of-interest activation patterns in functional brain MR imaging: methodology considerations. Magn Reson Imaging. 1998 ; 16: 289-300
    • (1998) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.16 , pp. 289-300
    • Constable, R.T.1    Skudlarski, P.2    Mencl, E.3
  • 29
    • 0034959727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1H spectra with LCModel
    • Provencher SW. Automatic quantitation of localized in vivo 1H spectra with LCModel. NMR Biomed. 2001 ; 14: 260-264
    • (2001) NMR Biomed , vol.14 , pp. 260-264
    • Provencher, S.W.1
  • 31
    • 0031729294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurometabolite markers of cerebral injury in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Sabet A, Sibbitt, Stidley CA, Danska J, Brooks WM. Neurometabolite markers of cerebral injury in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus. Stroke. 1998 ; 29: 2254-2260
    • (1998) Stroke , vol.29 , pp. 2254-2260
    • Sabet, A.1    Sibbitt2    Stidley, C.A.3    Danska, J.4    Brooks, W.M.5
  • 32
    • 0033920061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for cellular damage in normal-appearing white matter correlates with injury severity in patients following traumatic brain injury: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Garnett MR, Blamire AM, Rajagopalan B, Styles P, Cadoux-Hudson TA. Evidence for cellular damage in normal-appearing white matter correlates with injury severity in patients following traumatic brain injury: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Brain. 2000 ; 123: 1403-1409
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1403-1409
    • Garnett, M.R.1    Blamire, A.M.2    Rajagopalan, B.3    Styles, P.4    Cadoux-Hudson, T.A.5
  • 33
    • 0036788493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain metabolite changes in cortical grey and normal-appearing white matter in clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Chard DT, Griffin CM, McLean MA, et al. Brain metabolite changes in cortical grey and normal-appearing white matter in clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2002 ; 125: 2342-2352
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 2342-2352
    • Chard, D.T.1    Griffin, C.M.2    Ma, M.3
  • 34
    • 16844384074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite changes in normal-appearing gray and white matter are linked with disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Sastre-Garriga J, Ingle GT, Chard DT, et al. Metabolite changes in normal-appearing gray and white matter are linked with disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2005 ; 62: 569-573
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 569-573
    • Sastre-Garriga, J.1    Ingle, G.T.2    Chard, D.T.3
  • 35
    • 77955122149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute quantification in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is useful to differentiate amnesic mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging
    • Watanabe T, Shiino A, Akiguchi I. Absolute quantification in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is useful to differentiate amnesic mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2010 ; 30: 71-77
    • (2010) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.30 , pp. 71-77
    • Watanabe, T.1    Shiino, A.2    Akiguchi, I.3
  • 36
    • 0037409849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylaspartate in the vertebrate brain: Metabolism and function
    • Baslow MH. N-acetylaspartate in the vertebrate brain: metabolism and function. Neurochem Res. 2003 ; 28: 941-953
    • (2003) Neurochem Res , vol.28 , pp. 941-953
    • Baslow, M.H.1
  • 38
    • 20544472392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unilateral section of the corticospinal tract at cervical level in primate does not lead to measurable cell loss in motor cortex
    • Wannier T, Schmidlin E, Bloch J, Rouiller EM. A unilateral section of the corticospinal tract at cervical level in primate does not lead to measurable cell loss in motor cortex. J Neurotrauma. 2005 ; 22: 703-717
    • (2005) J Neurotrauma , vol.22 , pp. 703-717
    • Wannier, T.1    Schmidlin, E.2    Bloch, J.3    Rouiller, E.M.4
  • 39
    • 79952200473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of neuroimaging in promoting long-term recovery from ischemic stroke
    • Seitz RJ, Donnan GA. Role of neuroimaging in promoting long-term recovery from ischemic stroke. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 ; 32: 756-772
    • (2010) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.32 , pp. 756-772
    • Seitz, R.J.1    Donnan, G.A.2
  • 40
    • 0035148129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lesion location on upper limb motor recovery after stroke
    • Shelton FN, Reding MJ. Effect of lesion location on upper limb motor recovery after stroke. Stroke. 2001 ; 32: 107-112
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 107-112
    • Shelton, F.N.1    Reding, M.J.2
  • 41
    • 0032238967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural and functional mechanisms of motor recovery: Complementary use of diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging in a traumatic injury of the internal capsule
    • Werring DJ, Clark CA, Barker GJ, et al. The structural and functional mechanisms of motor recovery: complementary use of diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging in a traumatic injury of the internal capsule. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998 ; 65: 863-869
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 863-869
    • Werring, D.J.1    Clark, C.A.2    Barker, G.J.3
  • 42
    • 0015197354 scopus 로고
    • The axon reaction: A review of the principal features of perikaryal responses to axon injury
    • Lieberman AR. The axon reaction: a review of the principal features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1971 ; 14: 49-124
    • (1971) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.14 , pp. 49-124
    • Lieberman, A.R.1
  • 43
    • 0027453112 scopus 로고
    • Motor recovery following capsular stroke. Role of descending pathways from multiple motor areas
    • Fries W, Danek A, Scheidtmann K, Hamburger C. Motor recovery following capsular stroke. Role of descending pathways from multiple motor areas. Brain. 1993 ; 116: 369-382
    • (1993) Brain , vol.116 , pp. 369-382
    • Fries, W.1    Danek, A.2    Scheidtmann, K.3    Hamburger, C.4
  • 46
    • 77956473208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesion size-dependent synaptic and astrocytic responses in cortex contralateral to infarcts in middle-aged rats
    • Kim SY, Jones TA. Lesion size-dependent synaptic and astrocytic responses in cortex contralateral to infarcts in middle-aged rats. Synapse. 2010 ; 64: 659-671
    • (2010) Synapse , vol.64 , pp. 659-671
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Jones, T.A.2
  • 47
    • 0034048954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke
    • Cirstea MC, Levin MF. Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain. 2000 ; 123: 940-953
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 940-953
    • Cirstea, M.C.1    Levin, M.F.2
  • 48
    • 77953522424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory motor control after stroke: AN alternative joint strategy for object-dependent shaping of hand posture
    • Raghavan P, Santello M, Gordon AM, Krakauer JW. Compensatory motor control after stroke: AN alternative joint strategy for object-dependent shaping of hand posture. J Neurophysiol. 2010 ; 103: 3034-3043
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.103 , pp. 3034-3043
    • Raghavan, P.1    Santello, M.2    Gordon, A.M.3    Krakauer, J.W.4
  • 49
    • 19444370499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor improvements after focal cortical ischemia in adult rats are mediated by compensatory mechanisms
    • Metz GA, Antonow-Schlorke I, Witte OW. Motor improvements after focal cortical ischemia in adult rats are mediated by compensatory mechanisms. Behav Brain Res. 2005 ; 162: 71-82
    • (2005) Behav Brain Res , vol.162 , pp. 71-82
    • Metz, G.A.1    Antonow-Schlorke, I.2    Witte, O.W.3
  • 50
    • 57349101725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and late changes in the distal forelimb representation of the supplementary motor area after injury to frontal motor areas in the squirrel monkey
    • Eisner-Janowicz I, Barbay S, Hoover E, et al. Early and late changes in the distal forelimb representation of the supplementary motor area after injury to frontal motor areas in the squirrel monkey. J Neurophysiol. 2008 ; 100: 1498-1512
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 1498-1512
    • Eisner-Janowicz, I.1    Barbay, S.2    Hoover, E.3
  • 51
    • 78650157404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of motor cortex after controlled cortical impact in rats and implications for functional recovery
    • Nishibe M, Barbay S, Guggenmos D, Nudo RJ. Reorganization of motor cortex after controlled cortical impact in rats and implications for functional recovery. J Neurotrauma. 2010 ; 27: 2221-2232
    • (2010) J Neurotrauma , vol.27 , pp. 2221-2232
    • Nishibe, M.1    Barbay, S.2    Guggenmos, D.3    Nudo, R.J.4
  • 53
    • 77649220798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical activation pattern of compensatory movement in stroke patients
    • Lee MY, Park JW, Park RJ, et al. Cortical activation pattern of compensatory movement in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2009 ; 25: 255-260
    • (2009) NeuroRehabilitation , vol.25 , pp. 255-260
    • Lee, M.Y.1    Park, J.W.2    Park, R.J.3
  • 54
    • 70350650957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary motor cortical metaplasticity induced by priming over the supplementary motor area
    • Hamada M, Hanajima R, Terao Y, et al. Primary motor cortical metaplasticity induced by priming over the supplementary motor area. J Physiol. 2009 ; 587: 4845-4862
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 4845-4862
    • Hamada, M.1    Hanajima, R.2    Terao, Y.3
  • 55
    • 69449105635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric competition after stroke: Brain stimulation to enhance recovery of function of the affected hand
    • Nowak DA, Grefkes C, Ameli M, Fink GR. Interhemispheric competition after stroke: brain stimulation to enhance recovery of function of the affected hand. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 ; 23: 641-656
    • (2009) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.23 , pp. 641-656
    • Nowak, D.A.1    Grefkes, C.2    Ameli, M.3    Fink, G.R.4
  • 57
    • 60449098308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined 1H and 31P MR spectroscopic imaging: Impaired energy metabolism in severe carotid stenosis and changes upon treatment
    • Hattingen E, Lanfermann H, Menon S, et al. Combined 1H and 31P MR spectroscopic imaging: impaired energy metabolism in severe carotid stenosis and changes upon treatment. Magma. 2009 ; 22: 43-52
    • (2009) Magma , vol.22 , pp. 43-52
    • Hattingen, E.1    Lanfermann, H.2    Menon, S.3
  • 58
    • 33646932474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is NAA reduction in normal contralateral cerebral tissue in stroke patients dependent on underlying risk factors?
    • Walker PM, Ben Salem D, Giroud M, Brunotte F. Is NAA reduction in normal contralateral cerebral tissue in stroke patients dependent on underlying risk factors?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 ; 77: 596-600
    • (2006) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 596-600
    • Walker, P.M.1    Ben Salem, D.2    Giroud, M.3    Brunotte, F.4
  • 59
    • 80053019452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with symptomatic unilateral internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion
    • Zhang M, Lu J, Jiao L, Ma Q, Li K. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with symptomatic unilateral internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 ; 34: 910-916
    • (2011) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.34 , pp. 910-916
    • Zhang, M.1    Lu, J.2    Jiao, L.3    Ma, Q.4    Li, K.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.