Nutrient density in complementary feeding of infants and toddlers

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 67, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 501-506

  Solomons, N W ^a   Vossenaar, M ^a  

^a Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment Aging and Metabolism Guatemala   (Guatemala)

Author keywords

complementary feeding; infants; nutrient adequacy; nutrient density; toddlers

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM; IRON; TRACE ELEMENT; ZINC;

CALORIC INTAKE; CHILD; CHILD NUTRITION; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; CRITICAL NUTRIENT DENSITY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FOOD COMPOSITION; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; INFANCY; INFANT; INFANT FEEDING; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MILK; MILK PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT CONTENT; NUTRIENT DENSITY; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; REVIEW; TODDLER;

BREAST FEEDING; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIET; ENERGY INTAKE; FOOD, FORTIFIED; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; MILK, HUMAN; NUTRITIVE VALUE; TRACE ELEMENTS;

EID: 84877105204     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: 14765640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.46     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Food Nutrition Board. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th edn National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1989
2. King JC. Doris Howes Calloway (1923-2001). J Nutr 2003; 133: 2113-2116
3. Allen L, De Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R. Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006
4. Chen SY, Lin JR, Chen TH, Guo SG, Kao MD, Pan WH. Dietary supplements usage among elderly Taiwanese during 2005-2008. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2011; 20: 327-336
5. Gahche J, Bailey R, Burt V, Hughes J, Yetley E, Dwyer J et al. Dietary supplement use among U.S. adults has increased since NHANES III (1988-1994). NCHS data brief, no 61. National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD, 2011
6. Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Monroe KR, Steffen AD, Yonemori KM, Morimoto Y et al. Dietary supplement use within a multiethnic population as measured by a unique inventory method. J Am Diet Assoc 2011; 111: 1065-1072
7. Fulgoni III VL, Keast DR, Bailey RL, J Dwyer. Foods fortificants, and supplements: Where do Americans get their nutrients̈J Nutr 2011; 141: 1847-1854
8. US Department of Agriculture (updated 2012); USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Release 18. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page, 2012. Available at: Http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/ (accessed on June 2012
9. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1997
10. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1998
11. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2000
12. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2001
13. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2005
14. WHO, FAO. Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition. 2nd edn World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2004
15. FAO/WHO/UNU. Human energy requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation, 17-24 October 2001, Rome, Italy 2004
16. WHO. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (WHO Technical Report Series no. 935) World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2007
17. Mertz W. The essential trace elements. Science 1981; 213: 1332-1338
18. Sen A. Poverty and Famines: An essay on entitlements and deprivation. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK, 1982
19. McMichael AJ. Insights from past millennia into climatic impacts on human health and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109: 4730-4737
20. Torheim LE, Ferguson EL, Penrose K, Arimond M. Women in resource-poor settings are at risk of inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. J Nutr 2010; 140: 2051S-2058S.
21. Hadley C, Maes K. A new global monitoring system for food insecuritÿLancet 2009; 374: 1223-1224
22. Atinmo T, Mirmiran P, Oyewole OE, Belahsen R, Serra-Majem L. Breaking the poverty/malnutrition cycle in Africa and the Middle East. Nutr Rev 2009; 67(Suppl 1): S40-S46
23. Lutter CK, Rivera JA. Nutritional status of infants and young children and characteristics of their diets. J Nutr 2003; 133: 2941S-2949SS.
24. Hall KD, Heymsfield SB, Kemnitz JW, Klein S, Schoeller DA, Speakman Jr. Energy balance and its components: Implications for body weight regulation. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95: 989-994
25. Days. 1,000 Days: Change a life, change the future. Available at: Http:// www.thousanddays.org/ (updated 2011; accessed on 10 May 2011
26. Victora CG, de Onis M, Hallal PC, Blossner M, Shrimpton R. Worldwide timing of growth faltering: Revisiting implications for interventions. Pediatrics 2010; 125: E473-e480
27. Dewey KG, Begum K. Long-Term consequences of stunting in early life. Matern Child Nutr 2011; 7(Suppl 3): 5-18
28. WHO. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2003
29. Wuehler SE, Hess SY, Brown KH. Accelerating improvements in nutritional and health status of young children in the Sahel region of Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of international guidelines on infant and young child feeding and nutrition. Matern Child Nutr 2011; 7(Suppl 1): 6-34
30. van der Merwe J, Kluyts M, Bowley N, Marais D. Optimizing the introduction of complementary foods in the infant's diet: A unique challenge in developing countries. Matern Child Nutr 2007; 3: 259-270
31. Brown KH, Dewey KG, Allen LH. Complementary Feeding of Young Children in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Scientific Knowledge. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998
32. Allen LH. B vitamins: Proposed fortification levels for complementary foods for young children. J Nutr 2003; 133: 3000S-3007S.
33. World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA). Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Continued Breastfeeding from 6 to 24Months: Issues, Politics, Policies and Action 2008
34. International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN). What is complementary feeding̈A philosophical reflection to help a policy process. A discussion paper developed for the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) by Gabrielle Palmer, 2009. Available at: Http://www.ibfan.org/Gay-Palmer.html (accessed on May 2012
35. WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards: Methods and Development. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006
36. Dewey KG, Brown KH. Update on technical issues concerning complementary feeding of young children in developing countries and implications for intervention programs. Food Nutr Bull 2003; 24: 5-28
37. WHO. Preparation and Use of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. Report of a Joint FAO/ WHO Consultation. Technical Report Series No. 880World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998
38. Vossenaar M, Solomons NW. The concept of 'critical nutrient density' in complementary feeding: The demands on the 'family foods' for the nutrient adequacy of young Guatemalan children with continued breastfeeding. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95: 859-866
39. Lutter CK, Dewey KG. Proposed nutrient composition for fortified complementary foods. J Nutr 2003; 133: 3011S-3020S.
40. Dewey KG. Increasing iron intake of children through complementary foods. Food Nutr Bull 2007; 28: S595-S609
41. Nestel P, Briend A, de Benoist B, Decker E, Ferguson E, Fontaine O et al. Complementary food supplements to achieve micronutrient adequacy for infants and young children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003; 36: 316-328
42. Brown KH. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding of children up to 2 years of age. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2007; 60: 1-10
43. Ferguson EL, Darmon N. Traditional foods vs. manufactured baby foods. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2007; 60: 43-63
44. Allen LH. Adequacy of family foods for complementary feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95: 785-786
45. Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Valle HBD (eds) Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. National Academies Press: Washington, DC, 2011