Utility of EUS in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures and suspected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (with videos)

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Volumn 76, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1024-1033

  Khashab, Mouen A ^b   Fockens, Paul ^a,c   Al Haddad, Mohammad A ^a,d  

^a Johns Hopkins Hospital ^*

^b JOHNS HOPKINS HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^d INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METHYLENE BLUE;

BILE DUCT CARCINOMA; BILIARY TRACT ENDOSCOPY; CANCER STAGING; CHOLESTASIS; CHROMOENDOSCOPY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; CYTOPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIGITAL IMAGING; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; ULTRASOUND; VIDEOENDOSCOPY; BILE DUCT TUMOR; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE NEEDLE BIOPSY; HEPATIC DUCT; PATHOLOGY; STENOSIS, OCCLUSION AND OBSTRUCTION;

BILE DUCT NEOPLASMS; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC; CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE; CONSTRICTION, PATHOLOGIC; ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION; ENDOSONOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84877081182     PISSN: 00165107     EISSN: 10976779     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.451     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, et al. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;8:512-22.
2. Charbel H, Al-Kawas FH. Cholangiocarcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2011;13:182-7.
3. Patel T. Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Hepatology 2001;33:1353-7. (Pubitemid 32496970)
4. Mouzas IA, Dimoulios P, Vlachonikolis IG, et al. Increasing incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Crete 1992-2000. Anticancer Res 2002;22:3637-41. (Pubitemid 36132842)
5. Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: a spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors. Ann Surg 1996;224:463-73; discussion 473-5.
6. Mizumoto R, Ogura Y, Kusuda T. Definition and diagnosis of early cancer of the biliary tract. Hepatogastroenterology 1993;40:69-77. (Pubitemid 23093929)
7. Gress F, Gottlieb K, Sherman S, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspected pancreatic cancer. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:459-64. (Pubitemid 32225947)
8. Harewood GC, Wiersema MJ. Endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in the evaluation of pancreatic masses. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1386-91. (Pubitemid 34664782)
9. Songur Y, Temucin G, Sahin B. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of dilated common bile duct. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001;33:302-5. (Pubitemid 32880969)
10. Sugiyama M, Atomi Y, Kuroda A, et al. Bile duct carcinoma without jaundice: clues to early diagnosis. Hepatogastroenterology 1997;44:1477-83. (Pubitemid 27450199)
11. Xu AM, Cheng HY, Jiang WB, et al. Multi-slice three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography: a new technique for diagnosis of biliary diseases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2002;1:595-603.
12. Vilgrain V. Staging cholangiocarcinoma by imaging studies. HPB (Oxford) 2008;10:106-9. (Pubitemid 351934994)
13. Lee HY, Kim SH, Lee JM, et al. Preoperative assessment of resectability of hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma: combined CT and cholangiography with revised criteria. Radiology 2006;239:113-21.
14. Wallner BK, Schumacher KA, Weidenmaier W, et al. Dilated biliary tract: evaluation with MR cholangiography with a T2-weighted contrast-enhanced fast sequence. Radiology 1991;181:805-8.
15. Taylor AC, Little AF, Hennessy OF, et al. Prospective assessment of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for noninvasive imaging of the biliary tree. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:17-22. (Pubitemid 41122918)
16. Fulcher AS, Turner MA. MR cholangiopancreatography. Radiol Clin North Am 2002;40:1363-76. (Pubitemid 35404059)
17. Rösch T, Meining A, Fruhmorgen S, et al. A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP, MRCP, CT, and EUS in biliary strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:870-6. (Pubitemid 41127905)
18. Sai JK, Suyama M, Kubokawa Y, et al. Early detection of extrahepatic bile-duct carcinomas in the nonicteric stage by using MRCP followed by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;70:29-36.
19. Manfredi R, Barbaro B, Masselli G, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2004;24:155-64. (Pubitemid 38738344)
20. Masselli G, Manfredi R, Vecchioli A, et al. MR imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography in the preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: correlation with surgical and pathologic findings. Eur Radiol 2008;18:2213-21.
21. Park MS, Kim TK, Kim KW, et al. Differentiation of extrahepatic bile duct cholangiocarcinoma from benign stricture: findings at MRCP versus ERCP. Radiology 2004;233:234-40. (Pubitemid 39280979)
22. Kipp BR, Stadheim LM, Halling SA, et al. A comparison of routine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of malignant bile duct strictures. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1675-81. (Pubitemid 39237490)
23. Lee JG, Leung JW, Baillie J, et al. Benign, dysplastic, or malignant - making sense of endoscopic bile duct brush cytology: results in 149 consecutive patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:722-6.
24. Glasbrenner B, Ardan M, Boeck W, et al. Prospective evaluation of brush cytology of biliary strictures during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopy 1999;31:712-7.
25. Coté GA, Sherman S. Biliary stricture and negative cytology: What next? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:739-43.
26. Howell DA, Beveridge RP, Bosco J, et al. Endoscopic needle aspiration biopsy at ERCP in the diagnosis of biliary strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 1992;38:531-5.
27. Jailwala J, Fogel EL, Sherman S, et al. Triple-tissue sampling at ERCP in malignant biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:383-90. (Pubitemid 30204754)
28. Ponchon T, Gagnon P, Berger F, et al. Value of endobiliary brush cytology and biopsies for the diagnosis of malignant bile duct stenosis: results of a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 1995;42:565-72.
29. Pugliese V, Conio M, Nicolo G, et al. Endoscopic retrograde forceps biopsy and brush cytology of biliary strictures: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 1995;42:520-6.
30. Fogel EL, deBellis M, McHenry L, et al. Effectiveness of a new long cytology brush in the evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:71-7. (Pubitemid 41827780)
31. de Bellis M, Fogel EL, Sherman S, et al. Influence of stricture dilation and repeat brushing on the cancer detection rate of brush cytology in the evaluation of malignant biliary obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:176-82. (Pubitemid 38220264)
32. Fritcher EG, Kipp BR, Halling KC, et al. A multivariable model using advanced cytologic methods for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary strictures. Gastroenterology 2009;136:2180-6.
33. Athanassiadou P, Grapsa D. Value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided brushings in preoperative assessment of pancreaticobiliary strictures: what's new? Acta Cytol 2008;52:24-34. (Pubitemid 351155776)
34. de Bellis M, Sherman S, Fogel EL, et al. Tissue sampling at ERCP in suspected malignant biliary strictures (Part 2). Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:720-30. (Pubitemid 36531709)
35. De Bellis M, Sherman S, Fogel EL, et al. Tissue sampling at ERCP in suspected malignant biliary strictures (Part 1). Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:552-61.
36. Higashizawa T, Tamada K, Tomiyama T, et al. Biliary guidewire facilitates bile duct biopsy and endoscopic drainage. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:332-6. (Pubitemid 34534107)
37. Mansfield JC, Griffin SM, Wadehra V, et al. A prospective evaluation of cytology from biliary strictures. Gut 1997;40:671-7. (Pubitemid 27278338)
38. Levy MJ, Baron TH, Clayton AC, et al. Prospective evaluation of advanced molecular markers and imaging techniques in patients with indeterminate bile duct strictures. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1263-73. (Pubitemid 351677975)
39. Baron TH, Harewood GC, Rumalla A, et al. A prospective comparison of digital image analysis and routine cytology for the identification of malignancy in biliary tract strictures. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:214-9. (Pubitemid 38293308)
40. Gonda TA, Glick MP, Sethi A, et al. Polysomy and p16 deletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2012;75:74-9.
41. Bangarulingam SY, Bjornsson E, Enders F, et al. Long-term outcomes of positive fluorescence in situ hybridization tests in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2010;51:174-80.
42. Monga A, Ramchandani M, Reddy DN. Per-oral cholangioscopy. J Interv Gastroenterol 2011;1:70-7.
43. Chen YK, Pleskow DK. SpyGlass single-operator peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy system for the diagnosis and therapy of bile-duct disorders: a clinical feasibility study (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:832-41. (Pubitemid 46629073)
44. Chen YK. Preclinical characterization of the Spyglass peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy system for direct access, visualization, and biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:303-11. (Pubitemid 46151709)
45. Chathadi KV, Chen YK. New kid on the block: development of a partially disposable system for cholangioscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2009;19:545-55.
46. Chen YK, Parsi MA, Binmoeller KF, et al. Single-operator cholangioscopy in patients requiring evaluation of bile duct disease or therapy of biliary stones (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:805-14.
47. Ramchandani M, Reddy DN, Gupta R, et al. Role of single-operator peroral cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary lesions: a single-center, prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:511-9.
48. Parsi MA. Peroral cholangioscopy in the new millennium. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:1-6.
49. Kim HJ, Kim MH, Lee SK, et al. Tumor vessel: a valuable cholangioscopic clue of malignant biliary stricture. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:635-8.
50. Hoffman A, Kiesslich R, Bittinger F, et al. Methylene blue-aided cholangioscopy in patients with biliary strictures: feasibility and outcome analysis. Endoscopy 2008;40:563-71. (Pubitemid 351982597)
51. Loeser CS, Robert ME, Mennone A, et al. Confocal endomicroscopic examination of malignant biliary strictures and histologic correlation with lymphatics. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011;45:246-52.
52. Meining A, Frimberger E, Becker V, et al. Detection of cholangiocarcinoma in vivo using miniprobe-based confocal fluorescence microscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1057-60.
53. Meining A, Chen YK, Pleskow D, et al. Direct visualization of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary strictures with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: a multicenter experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:961-8.
54. Meining A, Shah RJ, Slivka A, et al. Classification of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy findings in pancreaticobiliary strictures. Endoscopy 2012;44:251-7.
55. Mukai H, Nakajima M, Yasuda K, et al. Evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography in the pre-operative staging of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and common bile duct. Gastrointest Endosc 1992;38:676-83. (Pubitemid 23006381)
56. Tio TL, Reeders JW, Sie LH, et al. Endosonography in the clinical staging of Klatskin tumor. Endoscopy 1993;25:81-5. (Pubitemid 23099127)
57. Sugiyama M, Hagi H, Atomi Y, et al. Diagnosis of portal venous invasion by pancreatobiliary carcinoma: value of endoscopic ultrasonography. Abdom Imaging 1997;22:434-8. (Pubitemid 27272826)
58. Mohamadnejad M, DeWitt JM, Sherman S, et al. Role of EUS for preoperative evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma: a large single-center experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;73:71-8.
59. Gores GJ. Early detection and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl 2000;6:S30-4.
60. Gleeson FC, Rajan E, Levy MJ, et al. EUS-guided FNA of regional lymph nodes in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:438-43. (Pubitemid 351260042)
61. Catalano MF, Sivak MV, Jr, Rice T, et al. Endosonographic features predictive of lymph node metastasis. Gastrointest Endosc 1994;40:442-6. (Pubitemid 24235572)
62. Pollack MJ, Gholam PM, Chak A. EUS-FNA in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a novel indication. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;67:444-5. (Pubitemid 351253644)
63. Katayose Y, Rikiyama T, Motoi F, et al. Phase I Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation with Gemcitabine and Surgical Resection for Cholangiocarcinoma Patients (NACRAC Study). Hepatogastroenterology 2011;58:1866-72.
64. Xu W, Shi J, Zeng X, et al. EUS elastography for the differentiation of benign and malignant lymph nodes: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2011;74:1001-9; quiz 1115 e1-4.
65. Giovannini M, Thomas B, Erwan B, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography for evaluation of lymph nodes and pancreatic masses: a multicenter study. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:1587-93.
66. Clayton RA, Clarke DL, Currie EJ, et al. Incidence of benign pathology in patients undergoing hepatic resection for suspected malignancy. Surgeon 2003;1:32-8. (Pubitemid 36575688)
67. Gerhards MF, Vos P, van Gulik TM, et al. Incidence of benign lesions in patients resected for suspicious hilar obstruction. Br J Surg 2001;88:48-51. (Pubitemid 32066056)
68. Varadarajulu S, Eloubeidi MA. The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of pancreatico-biliary cancer. Surg Clin North Am 2010;90:251-63.
69. Ortner MA, Liebetruth J, Schreiber S, et al. Photodynamic therapy of nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 1998;114:536-42.
70. Neuhaus P, Jonas S, Bechstein WO, et al. Extended resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg 1999;230:808-18; discussion 819.
71. Kosuge T, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, et al. Improved surgical results for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with procedures including major hepatic resection. Ann Surg 1999;230:663-71. (Pubitemid 30191828)
72. Fritscher-Ravens A, Broering DC, Sriram PV, et al. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration cytodiagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a case series. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:534-40.
73. Fritscher-Ravens A, Broering DC, Knoefel WT, et al. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of suspected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in potentially operable patients with negative brush cytology. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:45-51. (Pubitemid 38679100)
74. Eloubeidi MA, Chen VK, Jhala NC, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of suspected cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:209-13. (Pubitemid 38293307)
75. Byrne MF, Gerke H, Mitchell RM, et al. Yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of bile duct lesions. Endoscopy 2004;36:715-9. (Pubitemid 39149415)
76. Lee JH, Salem R, Aslanian H, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration of unexplained bile duct strictures. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1069-73. (Pubitemid 38917810)
77. Rösch T, Hofrichter K, Frimberger E, et al. ERCP or EUS for tissue diagnosis of biliary strictures? A prospective comparative study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:390-6. (Pubitemid 39164248)
78. Meara RS, Jhala D, Eloubeidi MA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of bile duct and gallbladder: analysis of 53 cases. Cytopathology 2006;17:42-9.
79. DeWitt J, Misra VL, Leblanc JK, et al. EUS-guided FNA of proximal biliary strictures after negative ERCP brush cytology results. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:325-33. (Pubitemid 44233562)
80. Fusaroli P, Manta R, Fedeli P, et al. The influence of endoscopic biliary stents on the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for pancreatic head cancer staging. Endoscopy 2007;39:813-7. (Pubitemid 47386831)
81. Shami VM, Mahajan A, Sundaram V, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound staging is adversely affected by placement of a self-expandable metal stent: fact or fiction? Pancreas 2008;37:396-8.
82. Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ. Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma. Transpl Int 2010;23:692-7.
83. Nakamuta M, Tanabe Y, Ohashi M, et al. Transabdominal seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after fine-needle aspiration biopsy. J Clin Ultrasound 1993;21:551-6. (Pubitemid 23278998)
84. Chapman WC, Sharp KW, Weaver F, et al. Tumor seeding from percutaneous biliary catheters. Ann Surg 1989;209:708-13; discussion 713-5.
85. Domagk D, Poremba C, Dietl KH, et al. Endoscopic transpapillary biopsies and intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnostics of bile duct strictures: a prospective study. Gut 2002;51:240-4. (Pubitemid 34791454)
86. Tamada K, Tomiyama T, Wada S, et al. Endoscopic transpapillary bile duct biopsy with the combination of intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of biliary strictures. Gut 2002;50:326-31. (Pubitemid 34161046)
87. Farrell RJ, Agarwal B, Brandwein SL, et al. Intraductal US is a useful adjunct to ERCP for distinguishing malignant from benign biliary strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:681-7. (Pubitemid 36531703)
88. Chak A, Isenberg G, Kobayashi K, et al. Prospective evaluation of an over-the-wire catheter US probe. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:202-5. (Pubitemid 30094519)
89. Tamada K, Ido K, Ueno N, et al. Preoperative staging of extrahepatic bile duct cancer with intraductal ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:239-46.
90. Tamada K, Ueno N, Tomiyama T, et al. Characterization of biliary strictures using intraductal ultrasonography: comparison with percutaneous cholangioscopic biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;47:341-9. (Pubitemid 28237502)
91. Stavropoulos S, Larghi A, Verna E, et al. Intraductal ultrasound for the evaluation of patients with biliary strictures and no abdominal mass on computed tomography. Endoscopy 2005;37:715-21. (Pubitemid 41078903)
92. Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Baron TH, Clain JE, et al. Evaluation of indeterminate bile duct strictures by intraductal US. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:372-9.
93. Krishna NB, Saripalli S, Safdar R, et al. Intraductal US in evaluation of biliary strictures without a mass lesion on CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging: significance of focal wall thickening and extrinsic compression at the stricture site. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:90-6. (Pubitemid 46962480)