Pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 270-276

  Garcia Vidal, Carolina ^a   Viasus, Diego ^a   Carratalà, Jordi ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

Author keywords

aspergillosis; candidiasis; fungal infections; pathogenesis

Indexed keywords

VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ASPERGILLUS; CANDIDA; IMMUNE RESPONSE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC MYCOSIS;

ASPERGILLOSIS; ASPERGILLUS; CANDIDA; CANDIDIASIS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 84876886872     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835fb920     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Neofytos D, Horn D, Anaissie E, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infection in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: analysis of Multicenter Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH) Alliance registry. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48:265-273.
2. Marr KA, Seidel K, White TC, et al. Candidemia in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients: evolution of risk factors after the adoption of prophylactic fluconazole. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:309-316.
3. Garcia-Vidal C, Upton A, Kirby K, et al. Epidemiology of invasive mould infections in allogenic stem cell transplant recipients: biological risk factors for infection according to time after transplant. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1041-1050.
4. Eggimann P, Garbino J, Pittet D. Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill nonimmunosuppressed patients. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3:685-702.
5. Silva S, Negri M, Henriques M, et al. Silicone colonisation by non-Candida albicans Candida species in the presence of urine. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:747-754.
6. Negri M, Martins M, Henriques M, et al. Examination of potential virulence factors of Candida tropicalis clinical isolates from hospitalized patients. Mycopathologia 2010; 169:175-182.
7. Martins M, Uppuluri P, Thems DD, et al. Presence of extracellular DNA in the Candida albicans matrix and its contribution to biofilms. Mycopathologia 2010; 5:323-331.
8. Galan-Ladero MA, Blanco MT, Sacristan B, et al. Enzymatic activities of Candida tropicalis isolated from hospitalized patients. Med Mycol 2010; 48:207-210.
9. Ghannoum MA. Potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13:122-143.
10. Jacobsen I, Wilson D, Wa? chtler B, et al. Candida albicans dimorphism as a therapeutic target. Exp Rev Anti Ther 2012; 10:85-93.
11. Grahl N, Shepardson K, Chung D, et al. Hypoxia and fungal pathogenesis: to air or not to air? Eukaryotic Cell 2012; 11:560-570.
12. Rozpedowska E, Galafassi S, Johansson L, et al. Candida albicans - a prewhole genome duplication yeast - is predominantly aerobic and a poor ethanol producer. FEMS Yeast Res 2011; 11:285-291.
13. Stichternoth C, Fraund A, Setiadi E, et al. Sch9 kinase integrates hypoxia and CO2 sensing to suppress hyphal morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Eukaryot Cell 2011; 10:502-511.
14. Latge JP. Tasting the fungal cell wall. Cell Microbiol 2010; 12:863- 872.
15. Feng X, Krishnan K, Richie DL, et al. HacA-independent functions of the ER stress sensor IreA synergize with the canonical UPR to influence virulence traits in Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002330.
16. Richie DL, Feng X, Hartl L, et al. The virulence of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus requires cooperation between the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway (ERAD) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Virulence 2011; 2:12-21.
17. Haas H. Iron: a key nexus in the virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:28.
18. Bien CM, Espenshade PJ. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins in fungi: hypoxic transcription factors linked to pathogenesis. Eukaryotic Cell 2010; 9:352-359.
19. Blatzer M, Barker BM, Willger S, et al. SREBP coordinates iron and ergosterol homeostasis to mediate triazole drug and hypoxia responses in the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002374; doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002374.
20. Jain R, Valiante V, Remme N, et al. The MAP kinase MpkA controls cell wall integrity, oxidative stress response, gliotoxin production and iron adaptation in Aspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2011; 82:39-53.
21. Schrettl M, Ibrahim-Granet O, Droin S, et al. The crucial role of the Aspergillus fumigatus siderophore system in interaction with alveolar macrophages. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:1035-1041.
22. Barker BM, Kroll K, Vo? disch M, et al. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the Aspergillus fumigatus hypoxia response using an oxygen-controlled fermenter. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:62; doi: 10.1186/1471-2164- 13-62.
23. Grahl N, Puttikamonkul S, Macdonald JM, et al. In vivo hypoxia and a fungal alcohol dehydrogenase influence the pathogenesis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002145; doi: 10.1371/journal. ppat.1002145.
24. Faro-Trindade I, Willment J, Kerrigan A, et al. Characterisation of innate fungal recognition in the lung. PloS One 2012; 7:e35675; doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0035675.
25. Beisswenger C, Hess C, Bals R. Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induce interferon-b signaling in respiratory epithelial cells. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:411-418.
26. Osorio F, Reis e Sousa C. Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in pathogen recognition and host defense. Immunity 2011; 34:651-664.
27. Glocker EO, Hennigs A, Nabavi M, et al. A homozygous CARD9 mutation in a family with susceptibility to fungal infections. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1727- 1735.
28. Cunha C, Di IanniM, Bozza S, et al. Dectin-1 Y238X polymorphism associates with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic transplantation through impairment of both recipient- and donor-dependent mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Blood 2010; 116:5394-5402.
29. Goodridge HS, Reyes CN, Becker CA, et al. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a 'phagocytic synapse'. Nature 2011; 472:471-475.
30. Garcia-Vidal C, Carratala J. Patogenia de la infeccio'n fú ngica invasora. Enf Infecc Microb Clin 2012; 30:151-158.
31. Rivera A, Hohl TM, Collins N, et al. Dectin-1 diversifies Aspergillus fumigatusspecific T cell responses by inhibiting T helper type 1 CD4 T cell differentiation. J Exp Med 2011; 208:369-381.
32. Moalli F, Doni A, Deban L, et al. Role of complement and Fc gamma receptors in the protective activity of the long pentraxin-3 against Aspergillus fumigatus. Blood 2010; 116:5170-5180.
33. Bouchd PY, Chien JW, Marr KA, et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1766- 1777.
34. Plantinga T, Johnson M, Scott W, et al. Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphisms increase susceptibility to candidemia. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:934-943.
35. Carvalho A, De Luca A, Bozza S, et al. TLR3 essentially promotes protective class I-restricted memory CD8 T-cell responses to Aspergillus fumigatus in hematopoietic transplanted patients. Blood 2012; 119:967-977.
36. Li ZZ, Tao L, Zhang J, et al. Role of NOD2 in regulating the immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:643-648.
37. Tomalka J, Ganesan S, Azodi E, et al. A novel role for the NLRC4 inflammasome in mucosal defenses against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002379; doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002379.
38. van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LA, Shaw PJ, et al. The inflammasome drives protective Th1 and Th17 cellular responses in disseminated candidiasis. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2260-2268.
39. van de Veerdonk FL, Plantinga TS, Hoischen A, et al. STAT1 mutations in autosomal dominant chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:54-61.
40. Gringhuis SI, Kaptein TM, Wevers BA, et al. Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1b via a noncanonical caspase-8 inflammasome. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:246-254.
41. Cheng SC, van de Veerdonk FL, Lenardon M, et al. The dectin-1/ inflammasome pathway is responsible for the induction of protective T-helper 17 responses that discriminate between yeasts and hyphae of Candida albicans. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:357-366.
42. Fessler MB, Parks JS. Intracellular lipid flux and membrane microdomains as organizing principles in inflammatory cell signaling. J Immunol 2011; 187:1529-1535.
43. Ma YJ, Doni A, Skjoedt MO, et al. Heterocomplexes of mannose-binding lectin and the pentraxins PTX3 or serum amyloid P component trigger crossactivation of the complement system. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:3405-3417.
44. Le H, Tran V, Kim W, et al. IL-33 priming regulates multiple steps of the neutrophil-mediated anti-Candida albicans response by modulating TLR and dectin-1 signals. J Immunol 2012; 189:287-295.
45. Perfect Jr. The impact of the host on fungal infections. Am J Med 2012; 125:S39-51.
46. Gow NA, van de Veerdonk FL, Brown AJ, et al. Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012; 10:112-122.
47. Romani L. Immunity to fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:275-288.
48. Zelante T, Iannitti RG, De Luca A, et al. Sensing of mammalian IL-17A regulates fungal adaptation and virulence. Nat Commun 2012; 3:683.
49. Casadevall A, Pirofski L. Immunoglobulins in defense, pathogenesis, and therapy of fungal diseases. Cell Host Microb Rev 2012; 11:447-456.
50. Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F, et al. A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibodybased inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:1404-1413.
51. Brena S, Cabezas-Olcoz J, Moragues MD, et al. Fungicidal monoclonal antibody C7 interferes with iron acquisition in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:3156-3163.
52. Xin H, Cutler JE. Vaccine and monoclonal antibody that enhance mouse resistance to candidiasis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2011; 18:1656-1667.
53. Sandini S, La Valle R, Deaglio S, et al. A highly immunogenic recombinant and truncated protein of the secreted aspartic proteases family (rSap2t) of Candida albicans as a mucosal anticandidal vaccine. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2011; 62:215-224.
54. Garcia-Vidal C, Barba P, Arnan M, et al. Invasive aspergillosis complicating pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in severely immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 6:e16-e19.
55. Opal SM, Girard TD, Ely EW. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis in elderly patients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41:S504-S512.
56. Rondelli D, Re F, Bandini G, et al. Different immune reconstitution in multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia patients after allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26:1325-1331.
57. Fukuda T, Boeckh M, Carter RA, et al. Risks and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Blood 2003; 102:827-833.
58. Kauth M, Grage-Griebenow E, Rohde G, et al. Synergistically upregulated interleukin-10 production in cocultures of monocytes and T cells after stimulation with respiratory syncytial virus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 142:116-126.
59. Kotenko SV, Sacan S, Izotova LS, et al. Human cytomegalovirus harbors its own unique IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:1695-1700.
60. Lockridge KM, Zhou SS, Kravitz RH, et al. Primate cytomegaloviruses encode and express an IL-10-like protein. Virology 2000; 268:272-280.
61. Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP. Glucocorticoids and invasive fungal infections. Lancet 2003; 362:1828-1838.
62. Kirkley SA, Cowles J, Pellegrini VD, et al. Cytokine secretion after allogenic or autologous blood transfusion. Lancet 1995; 345:527.